Host-Directed Therapeutics for Tuberculosis: Can We Harness the Host?

SUMMARY

Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) remains challenging, with lengthy treatment durations and complex drug regimens that are toxic and difficult to administer. Similar to the vast majority of antibiotics, drugs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis are directed against microbial targets. Although more effective drugs that target the bacterium may lead to faster cure of patients, it is possible that a biological limit will be reached that can be overcome only by adopting a fundamentally new treatment approach. TB regimens might be improved by including agents that target host pathways. Recent work on host-pathogen interactions, host immunity, and host-directed interventions suggests that supplementing anti-TB therapy with host modulators may lead to shorter treatment times, a reduction in lung damage caused by the disease, and a lower risk of relapse or reinfection. We undertook this review to identify molecular pathways of the host that may be amenable to modulation by small molecules for the treatment of TB. Although several approaches to augmenting standard TB treatment have been proposed, only a few have been explored in detail or advanced to preclinical and clinical studies. Our review focuses on molecular targets and inhibitory small molecules that function within the macrophage or other myeloid cells, on host inflammatory pathways, or at the level of TB-induced lung pathology.     

“荼”与“茶”

“荼”与“茶”邢湘臣（上海市水产养殖总公司２０００８０）中国是茶的故乡。中国人民最早发明饮茶、种茶和制茶。如今,茶已成为世界上最广泛的饮料之一。世界各国文字中的“茶”,均从我国古代对外贸易港口所在地的广东、福建等地的方言音译转变而来。从“茶”到“茶”...     

“protein”是“蛋白质”还是“蛋白”?

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用“捉”、“扦”、“点”、“灌”、“注”、防治蔗螟

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