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1.
Galium catalinense subspecies acrispum (Rubiaceae) is a state‐endangered perennial shrub endemic to San Clemente Island. Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from G. catalinense ssp. acrispum. These loci show high levels of variability, averaging 6.5 alleles per locus and an expected heterozygosity of 0.550. One locus exhibited significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.01) and one pair of loci exhibited significant linkage disequilibrium. 相似文献
2.
Fragmentation of natural habitats of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) provides an excellent model system to study the consequences of restricted gene flow and small population sizes for isolated
populations. Here we describe the isolation and characteristics of 10 autosomal and one X-linked microsatellite marker. These
new markers were tested in 24 voles from a natural population in eastern Germany. Loci were highly polymorphic with numbers
of alleles per locus ranging from three to 26 and expected heterozygosities from 0.51 to 0.97. All loci except for the X-linked
locus Mar105 followed Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Cross-species amplifications revealed that most loci were polymorphic as
well in M. agrestis, M. thomasi, and M. pennsylvanicus. 相似文献
3.
Na Chen Yan-Zhuo Yang Xiao-li Yang Xing-xu Zhang Chun-jie Li 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(4):961-963
Microsatellites are often highly variable and abundant in most complex genomes, therefore are widely used in population genetic
studies. In this study, twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the Achnatherum inebrians, a plant abundant in grasslands of Northwest China. Characterization of 24 A. inebrians individuals form four geographically distant populations (Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia provinces) showed moderate
to high allelic diversity ranging from 3 to 13 alleles per locus, and the expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.41 to 0.67.
No evidence of linkage disequilibrium was found for any locus pairwise comparisons. The markers described here will be useful
for investigating the genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow of this species.
Na Chen and Yan-Zhuo Yang contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
4.
J. A. Galarza S. Roques J. Carreras-Carbonell E. Macpherson G. F. Turner C. Rico 《Conservation Genetics》2007,8(5):1251-1253
Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the Cardinal fish (Apogon imberbis), a coastal-reef fish endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. Characterization of 30 Cardinal fish individuals form the western
Mediterranean showed moderate to high allelic diversity ranging from 6 to 19 alleles per locus. Two loci showed significant
departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium presumably due to null alleles. No evidence of linkage disequilibrium was found
for any locus pairwise comparasions. This microsatellite set could be useful for any basic population genetic studies of this
species. 相似文献
5.
Allozyme variations in six natural populations of scots pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus sylvestris</Emphasis>) in Turkey 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Genetic variation in six natural populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was determined with isoenzyme analyses. For this purpose, haploid female gametophytes of seeds and horizontal starch
gel electrophoresis technique were used. A total of 17 loci and 58 alleles were observed in studying 10 enzyme systems. The
average proportion of polymorphic loci for populations ranged from 58.8% to 70.6%. The average number of alleles per locus
per population was 2.65. The mean estimated expected heterozygosity (He) of populations was 0.294. A rather high proportion
of genetic diversity (96.4%) was due to within-population variation and the remaining (3.6%) was due to variation among populations.
The level of gene flow (Nem) was found to be 6.69 per generation. Nei’s genetic distance coefficient ranged from 0.006 to 0.027 (mean 0.017) among all
possible population pairs. The mean value of Nei’s genetic distance is similar to the values reported for other European Scots
pine populations. The low mean value of Nei’s genetic distance among populations is enough to explain low interpopulation
variation. According to genetic variation parameters, three out of six populations (Akdagmadeni-Yozgat, Refahiye-Erzincan
and Vezirkopru-Samsun) appear to be preferable populations for genetic conservation and forest tree breeding programs. 相似文献
6.
Cupressus chenggiana S. Y. Hu (Cupressaceae) is an endemic and endangered conifer species in southwest China. In order to study the population
genetics and design the effective conservation methods, we aimed to develop microsatellite primers for this species in the
present study. We developed eight new microsatellite loci for this species through biotin capture method. Polymorphism of
each locus was further assessed in 18 individuals from three geographically distant populations. The number of alleles per
locus ranged from 6 to 11 with an average of 8.13. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.219 to 0.296 and
from 0.374 to 0.470, with averages of 0.254 and 0.417, respectively. We further found that three of nine microsatellite loci
developed previously for another congeneric species showed polymorphic banding patters. We performed primer-crossing tests
of these loci in the other two congeneric species which are closely related to C. chenggiana (C. gigantea and C. duclouxiana). These microsatellite markers would be effective for analyzing genetic diversity and population genetic structure of this
species and its morphological differentiation with the close relatives. 相似文献
7.
Roger Ramarokoto Runhua Lei Justin Vincent Sabine Day Gary D. Shore Rick A. Brenneman Edward E. LouisJr. 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(5):1377-1380
Diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema) distributed throughout Madagascar’s eastern rain forests from the Mangoro and Onive Rivers north to the Mananara River.
Twenty-one polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci were isolated from genomic DNA derived from a P. diadema, from Mantadia National Park. Population genetic parameters were estimated on 10 individuals each, sampled from Mantadia
National Park and Maromizaha Unprotected Forest. Allele sizes ranged from 4 to 14 and observed heterozygosities ranged from
0.200 to 0.900 per locus. This marker suite will be informative in further population genetic studies. 相似文献
8.
Elizabeth S. MacAvoy Lorna M. McGibbon James P. Sainsbury Hayley Lawrence Carol A. Wilson Charles H. Daugherty Geoffrey K. Chambers 《Conservation Genetics》2007,8(2):305-318
Tuatara (Sphenodon spp) populations are restricted to 35 offshore islands in the Hauraki Gulf, Bay of Plenty and Cook Strait of New Zealand.
Low levels of genetic variation have previously been revealed by allozyme and mtDNA analyses. In this new study, we show that
six polymorphic microsatellite loci display high levels of genetic variation in 14 populations across the geographic range
of tuatara. These populations are characterised by disjunct allele frequency spectra with high numbers of private alleles.
High F
ST (0.26) values indicate marked population structure and assignment tests allocate 96% of all individuals to their source populations.
These genetic data confirm that islands support genetically distinct populations. Principal component analysis and allelic
sequence data supplied information about genetic relationships between populations. Low numbers of rare alleles and low allelic
richness identified populations with reduced genetic diversity. Little Barrier Island has very low numbers of old tuatara
which have retained some relictual diversity. North Brother Island’s tuatara population is inbred with fixed alleles at 5
of the 6 loci. 相似文献
9.
The razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) is an important aquacultured bivalve in China. The natural populations of this species are decreasing quickly. To facilitate
studies on genetic diversity and population structure of wild populations, microsatellites were isolated from a CA enriched
genomic library. Eight microsatellite loci were polymorphic in 30 individuals from Chongming in Shanghai, China. The number
of alleles per polymorphic locus varied from 6 to 13 and the values of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity
ranged from 0.350 to 1.000 and from 0.602 to 0.902, respectively. These microsatellites are being used in studying population
differentiation and genetic diversity for effective conservation and management genetic resources of S. constricta. 相似文献
10.
Qiang Fan Sufang Chen Renchao Zhou Xu Xiang Wenbo Liao Suhua Shi 《Conservation Genetics》2011,12(3):753-760
Understanding the amount and distribution of genetic diversity in natural populations can inform the conservation strategy
for the species in question. In this study, genetic variation at eight nuclear microsatellite loci was used to investigate
genetic diversity and population structure of wild litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn. subsp. chinensis). Totally 215 individuals were sampled, representing nine populations of wild litchi. All eight loci were polymorphic, with
a total of 51 alleles. The expected heterozygosity in the nine populations ranged from 0.367 to 0.638 with an average value
of 0.526. Inbreeding within wild litchi populations was indicated by a strong heterozygote defect. Significant bottleneck
events were detected in the populations from Yunnan and Vietnam, which could be responsible for lower levels of genetic diversity
in these populations. Measures of genetic differentiation (F
ST = 0.269) indicated strong differentiation among wild litchi populations. Significant correlation was found between genetic
differentiation and geographical distance (r = 0.655, P = 0.002), indicating a strong isolation by distance in these populations. Bayesian clustering suggested genetic separation
among three regional groups, namely, the western group, the central group and the eastern group. Some conservation strategies
for wild litchi populations were also proposed based on our results. 相似文献
11.
Marta Dubreuil Federico Sebastiani Maria Mayol Santiago C. González-Martínez Miquel Riba Giovanni G. Vendramin 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(6):1665-1668
Seven polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers for Taxus baccata L. (English yew) were developed using an enriched-library method. An additional polymorphic SSR was obtained by testing eight
primer pairs from the congeneric species Taxus sumatrana. Mendelian inheritance for the seven Taxus baccata SSRs was proved by genotyping 17 individuals and 124 megagametophytes (conifer seed haploid tissue). A total of 96 individuals
from 5 different populations (10–26 samples per population) were used to estimate genetic diversity parameters. High levels
of genetic diversity, with values ranging from 0.533 to 0.929 (6–28 alleles per SSR) were found. No linkage disequilibrium
between pairs of loci was detected. All loci but one showed significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Excess
of homozygosity was probably due to high inbreeding in English yew populations, an outcome of low effective population size
and/or fragmented distribution. Highly polymorphic SSRs will be used to conduct population genetic studies at different geographical
scales and to monitor gene flow. 相似文献
12.
Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is a critically endangered species endemic to China. In this study, the extent of genetic variation in the captive alligators
of the Changxing Reserve Center was investigated using microsatellite markers derived from American alligators. Out of 22
loci employed, 21 were successfully amplified in the Chinese alligator. Sequence analysis showed loci in American alligators
had a bigger average size than that of the Chinese alligators and the longest allele of an individual locus almost always
existed in the species with longer stretch of repeat units. Eight of the 22 loci were found to be polymorphic with a total
of 26 alleles present among 32 animals scored, yielding an average of 3.25 alleles per polymorphic locus. The expected heterozygosity
(H
E) ranged at a moderate level from 0.4385 to 0.7163 in this population. Compared to that in the American alligators, a lower
level of microsatellite diversity existed in the Changxing population as revealed by about 46% fewer alleles per locus and
smaller H
E at the homologous loci. The average exclusion power and the ability to detect shared genotypes and multiple paternity were
evaluated for those markers. Results suggested that when the polymorphic loci were combined, they could be sensitive markers
in genetic diversity study and relatedness inference within the Chinese alligator populations. The level of genetic diversity
present in the current Changxing population indicated an important resource to complement reintroductions based on the individuals
from the other population. In addition, the microsatellite markers and their associated diversity characterized in this population
could be utilized to further investigate the genetic status of this species. 相似文献
13.
We describe the isolation and characterization of ten microsatellite loci from the red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens) and also evaluated the cross-amplification of these loci and other ten loci previously developed for the great tinamou (Tinamus major) in other tinamous. Genetic variability was assessed using 24 individuals. Six loci were polymorphic with moderate to high
number of alleles per locus (2–12 alleles) and showed expected heterozygosity (HE) ranging from 0.267 to 0.860. All loci conformed
to the Hardy–Weinberg expectation and linkage disequilibrium was not significant for any pair of loci. This battery of polymorphic
loci showed high paternity exclusion probability (0.986) and low genetic identity probability (4.95 × 10−5), proving to be helpful for parentage tests and population analyses in the red-winged tinamou. The cross-amplification was
moderate where of the 160 locus/taxon combinations, 46 (28.75%) successfully amplified. 相似文献
14.
Jerzy K. Kulski Atsuko Shigenari Takashi Shiina Kazuyoshi Hosomichi Makoto Yawata Hidetoshi Inoko 《Immunogenetics》2009,61(4):257-270
The study of the association of the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles and polymorphic retrotransposons such as Alu, HERV, and LTR at various loci within the Major Histocompatibility Complex allows for a better identification and stratification of disease associations and the origins of HLA haplotypes in different populations. This paper provides sequence and association data on two structurally polymorphic MER9-LTR retrotransposons that are located 54 kb apart and in close proximity to the multiallelic HLA-A gene involved in the regulation of the human immune system. Direct DNA sequencing and analysis of the PCR products identified DNA nucleotide variations between the MER9-LTR sequences at the two loci and their associations with HLA-A alleles as potential haplotype and evolutionary markers. All MER9-LTR sequences were haplotypic when associated with common HLA-A alleles. The number of SNP loci was 2.5 times greater for the solo LTR at the AK locus, which is located closer to the HLA-A gene than the solo or 3′ LTR at the HG locus. Our study shows that the nucleotide variations of the MER9-LTR DNA sequences are additional informative markers in fine mapping HLA-A genomic haplotypes for future population, evolutionary, and disease studies. 相似文献
15.
The flagfish (Jordanella floridae) is commonly used in studies of wetlands ecology. Here we describe the isolation of ten microsatellite loci, six of which
were polymorphic. The observed number of alleles ranged from 4 to 24 and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.59 to 0.81
for the polymorphic loci. The isolation of these markers will enable estimations of genetic diversity in natural populations. 相似文献
16.
In order to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of Hieracium pilosella L., we developed eleven pairs of primers for nuclear microsatellites through screening of three genomic DNA enriched libraries.
About 127 individuals from six locations of the Trentino region (Italy) were analysed. These loci were all polymorphic and
displayed 5–33 alleles per locus. These microsatellite markers constitute an efficient tool in investigating the genetic patterns
of H. pilosella L. populations. 相似文献
17.
Achnatherum sibiricum is a threaten and toxic perennial bunchgrass mainly in the north of China. We developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci
from A. sibiricum by combining biotin capture method. After validating and scoring, these loci were polymorphic in a test population with the
range of alleles from four to 13 per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.1649 to 0.5624 and from
0.3071 to 0.8826, respectively. All 11 microsatellite markers were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These polymorphic microsatellites
will be useful for genetic diversity analysis and population structure construction for A. sibiricum. 相似文献
18.
Marta Vila Neus Marí-Mena Shen-Horn Yen Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde 《Conservation Genetics》2010,11(3):1151-1154
Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for Graellsia isabelae. Polymorphism was assessed for 20 individuals from a Spanish population (Els-Ports-de-Beseit, Catalonia) and 39 more individuals
from one population in the French Alps and six other Spanish localities. Overall, the number of alleles per locus ranged from
5 to 24. Els-Ports-de-Beseit showed an average number of alleles per locus of 9.80 (SD = 4.32), observed heterozygosity was
0.71 (SD = 0.226), and expected heterozygosity was 0.788 (SD = 0.146). Genotypic frequencies conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
at the Catalonian population, and no evidence for linkage disequilibrium was observed. Multilocus genotypes resulting from
this set of markers will be useful to determine genetic diversity and differentiation within and among populations of this
highly protected moth. Several loci amplified and resulted polymorphic in two related species: two loci in Actias neidhoeferi, and three loci in A. luna. 相似文献
19.
Tachypleus tridentatus is an endangered horseshoe crab that is found and known only in several isolated sites in southern China, and that has been
suffering from the loss and fragmentation of its habitat. To evaluate its genetic diversity and population genetics, the first
set of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci was developed and characterized. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 18 per
locus with the observed and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.667 to 1.000 and from 0.543 to 0.944, respectively. These
markers will be useful for the assessment of genetic variation for this species. 相似文献
20.
Seven single locus microsatellite markers were characterized in Malaysian giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii from an enriched genomic library Primer pairs were designed to flank the repeat sequences and the loci characterized for
this species. The bands resulting from the PCR amplifications of these eight microsatellite loci were polymorphic with the
number of alleles ranging from 8 to 26 alleles per locus, whereas the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.0641 to 0.6564.
These newly developed microsatellite markers should prove to be useful for population studies and in the management of genetic
variations in broodstocks of freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii. 相似文献