东北罂粟属植物的分类

本文对东北罂粟属植物的分类及其中的问题进行了讨论,并提出了一些新的见解,其中主要的是扩大了野罂粟(Papaver nudicaule.L.)(sensu ampl.),基本型分类性状的含义,缩小了应看做是其亚种的黑水罂粟(P.nudicaule L.subsp.amurense N.Busch.的分类性状含义,发现并提出了两个新的变种,即光果野罂粟P.undicaule L.var.glabricarpum P.Y.Fu及毛果黑水罂粟P.nudicaule L.subsp.amurenseN.Busch.var.seticarpum P.Y.Fu,同时提出了包括种下分类群的便于鉴别的东北罂粟属植物分类检索表。     

云南新植物

发表天南星属(天南星科)一新种苍山南星Arisaema cangshanense X.D.Dong,通泉草一新变种,白花通泉草Mazus japonica(Thunb.)O, Kuntze var.leucanthus X.D.Dong和光叶蔷薇一新变种,重瓣光叶蔷薇Rosa wichuraiana Crep.var.multipetala X.D.Dong     

黑痣菌属Phyllachora三个中国新记录

报道我国黑痣菌属3个新记录。它们是野黍黑痣菌哥伦比亚变种Phyllachora eriochloae var. colombiensis,野黍黑痣菌原变种 Phyllachora eriochloae var. eriochloae 和禾黑痣菌狗牙根生变种 Phyllachora graminis var. cynodonticola,其寄主分别是云南省的禾本科植物、画眉草属植物和狗牙根。对这些分类单元进行了描述与图解。所有研究标本保藏于云南农业大学真菌标本室(MHYAU)。     

长白山峰巅之花——长白山罂粟

正长白山罂粟(Papaver radicatum var. pseudo-radicatum(Kitag.)Kitag.)是罂粟科(Papaveraceae)罂粟属(Papaver L.)的植物,为长白山特产植物[1]。分布于长白山海拔1 600～2 500 m的高山苔原带,生境多为砾石地、砂地或岩石坡,是吉林省重点保护植物之一。     

麻栗坡兜兰及其近缘植物的分类研究

对麻栗坡兜兰Paphiopedilum malipoense及其近亲种作了对比研究。它们被作为一个种之下的4个变种：麻栗坡兜兰（原变种）Paph.malipoense var.malipoense,浅斑兜兰（变种）var.jackii,钩唇兜兰（变种）var.hiepii;窄瓣兜兰（变种）var.angustatum（变种,新等级）。其鉴别特征已列入表中,还附有一幅图版。     

膝瓣乌头的一个新变种

长距膝瓣乌头 新变种Aconitum geniculatum Fletch. et Lauener var. longicalcaratum M. Li, var. nov.A var. geniculato differt sepalo supero humiliore, petalorum calcaribus longioribus circ.     

野山楂一新变种

本文发表了野山楂一新变种,即匍匐野山楂Crataegus cuneata Sieb.et Zucc.var.shangnanensis L.Mao et T.C.Cui。     

野罂粟胚性愈伤组织诱导和植株再生

1 植物名称 野罂粟（Papaver nudicaule L．）。     

浙江椴树科及省沽油科三新变种

本文发表了椴树科及省沽油科三新变种, 即长柄南京椴Tilia migueliana var.longipes, 绒果田麻Corchoropsis tomentosa var.tomentosicarpa及野鸦椿Euscaphis japonica var.pubescens。     

野大豆(Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.)一新变种

命名发表了野大豆一新变种,即闭花野大豆Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.var.cleistogama C.S.Zhu et S.X.Zhu.     

Some suggestions on the geographical origin of the central, west and north European synanthropic species of Papaver L

KADEREIT, J. W., 1990. Some suggestions on the geographical origin of the central, west and north European synanthropic species of Papaver L . Papaver rhoeas, P. dubium subsp. dubium and subsp. lecoqii, P. argemone subsp. argemone and P. hybridum are considered to be introduced in central, western and northern Europe. An analysis of the geographical distribution of the closest relatives of these five taxa leads to hypotheses on their geographical origin. It is suggested that P. rhoeas originates from the eastern border of the Mediterranean, where it might have differentiated only under human influence. The origin of P. dubium subsp. lecoqii is suggested to lie in S.E. Europe or west Anatolia, and that of subsp. dubium in S.E. central Europe. Papaver argemone subsp. argemone might have differentiated from two related subspecies in west Anatolia. No suggestions can be made with respect to P. hybridum , which is taxonomically isolated. The assumptions necessary for hypotheses on the geographical origin of synanthropically widespread taxa are briefly discussed.     

罂粟正名考

十世纪前罂粟传入中国后,随着岁月的迁移出现了大量的中文名称。其中不少的名称曾作为正名载于古籍。本文讨论了古代罂粟用名的混乱和正名的选用。     

野生罂粟COR基因克隆及转化

以野生罂粟幼叶总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR技术克隆到可待因酮还原酶基因COR的cDNA序列,所获得的cDNA序列全长966 bp,具有完整的ORF,编码321个氨基酸.Blast分析表明,该片段与GenBank中的可待因酮还原酶基因(COR)家族相似性很高,其中与基因COR1.1的一致性最高可达98.96%,该片段命名为COR(GenBank,登录号为FJ624147).以中间载体pHANNIBAL和植物表达载体pART27为基础,构建了CaMV-35S启动子驱动的含可待因酮还原酶基因片段反向重复序列的RNAi双元表达载体pARC,转化烟草获得转基因植株.     

A comparative study of germination ecology of four Papaver taxa

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Comparative studies of closely related taxa can increase understanding of adaptations and changes in seed dormancy and germination preferences in an evolutionary perspective. For such studies, a method to describe and compare the performance of taxa in a general way is needed. The germination ecology of four Papaver taxa was studied with the aim of describing and comparing their responses to different seasonal temperature regimes. METHODS: Germination of Papaver argemone, P. rhoeas, P. dubium ssp. dubium and P. dubium ssp. lecoqii was investigated in three different artificial climates over 2.5 years. Seeds were collected in southern Sweden, and samples from different populations were used as replicates of taxa. KEY RESULTS: Despite substantial intra-taxa variation, there were clear taxon-specific responses. Most germination occurred in the warmest climate. In general, the warmer the climate the more germination occurred in autumn instead of spring. Papaver argemone, phylogenetically most distant from the other taxa, was, in contrast to the others, restricted to germinating only at lower temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: Seed dormancy and germination may be described by dormancy pattern, germination preferences and dormancy strength. The general dormancy pattern was a common feature for these taxa and therefore probably an evolutionary conservative character. Germination preferences varied between taxa, resulting in different temperature optima and intervals for germination, and dormancy strength was to some extent taxon-specific, but highly variable. The dormancy pattern explained how the taxa can perform as winter annuals in warmer climates, but mainly as summer annuals in colder climates. Hence, there is no need to interpret the within-taxon temporal differences in seedling emergence as local adaptations. In the field, an entire seed cohort will not germinate during a single season. Instead, emergence will be distributed over several seasons, regardless of local climate, weather and soil cultivation methods.     

寒区不同海拔橘黄罂粟叶片结构特征的比较研究

橘黄罂粟(Papaver croceum Ldb.)采自乌鲁木齐河源区海拔3600m、2500m两种海拔高度,采用PEG和Epon-812两次包埋方法．在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下叶片剖面结构进行了观察。结果显示：橘黄罂粟叶片既具有中生植物又兼有旱生和湿生植物的部分结构特征,其叶片厚度、表皮细胞外壁角质层表面、外角质层蜡质分泌物的有无、表皮细胞形状、气孔密度、气孔大小、维管束形态组成、CTR值、叶肉细胞叶绿体含量等性状特征,在不同生境的橘黄罂粟间呈现出明显差异;而表皮毛状附属器等性状则差异较小。数值分析叶结构各类性状以及不同性状状态的组合．显示出橘黄罂粟个体形态的多样性与生境的海拔高度相关,并以形态结构上的变化来适应寒区高山环境。     

A revision of Papaver sect. Carinatae (Papaveraceae)

Of the seven species recognized in Papaver sect. Carinatae by Fedde only P. macrostomum is retained here. Besides the type variety with glabrous capsules and pedicels with appressed setae forms with pedicels with patent setae are recognized as var. dalechianum comb, et stat. nov. and forms with capsules with an indumentum of appressed setae as var. bornmülleri comb, et stat. nov. The distribution of the three taxa is mapped and the affinities of sect. Carinatae discussed. P. macrostomum var. macrostomum is self-compatible and has 2n = 14 chromosomes.     

Identification and cloning of related self-incompatibility S-genes in Papaver rhoeas and Papaver nudicaule

 The primary goal of this study was to identify, clone and analyse new S-gene sequences in order to provide a basis for identifying amino acid residues that confer S-allele specificity. Three new putative S-alleles from Papaver rhoeas and Papaver nudicaule were identified using immunological and PCR methods. cDNAs encoding full-length open reading frames of the P. rhoeas S ₈ and P. nudicaule Sn ₁ genes were isolated. Nucleotide sequencing of these cDNAs, together with the partial S ₇ sequence obtained by PCR, was used to derive the corresponding amino acid sequences. It is of interest that the P. nudicaule Sn₁ sequence, which is the first S-allele isolated from another species of Papaver, shares a closer sequence identity to the P. rhoeas S₃ amino acid sequence than S₃ does to S₁ from P. rhoeas. The identity of the S₈ allele was confirmed by expressing the coding region in Escherichia coli and demonstrating that the recombinant protein, designated S₈e, specifically inhibited S ₈ pollen in an in vitro bioassay. Information from sequence analysis of the S₈, Sn₁ and partial S₇ amino acid sequences revealed important information about Papaver S-proteins. It confirmed previous observations based on only two S-alleles, that whilst exhibiting a high degree of amino acid sequence polymorphism ranging from 51.3% to 63.7%, these molecules probably share very similar secondary structures. These studies also revealed that, in contrast to the S-proteins from the Solanaceae and Brassica, amino acid sequence variation is not found in hypervariable blocks, but instead, is found throughout the S-proteins, interspersed with numerous short strictly conserved segments. Received: 16 March 1998 / Revision accepted: 19 May 1998     

Ultrastructural Observations of Papaver rhoeas Mature Pollen Grains

The mature pollen grain of Papaver rhoeas is bicellular. The vegetative cell contains numerous mitochondria; endoplasmic reticulum is not very extensive and there are few ribosomes and plastids. Golgi bodies are in a very active state. The generative cell is lobed and spindle-shaped. The cytoplasm contains many, generally longitudinally arranged, bundles of microtubules. Other organelles are few in number, and include mitochondria, Golgi bodies and short cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum.     

Comparative transcript and alkaloid profiling in Papaver species identifies a short chain dehydrogenase/reductase involved in morphine biosynthesis

Plants of the order Ranunculales, especially members of the species Papaver, accumulate a large variety of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids with about 2500 structures, but only the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) and Papaver setigerum are able to produce the analgesic and narcotic morphine and the antitussive codeine. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis for this exceptional biosynthetic capability by comparison of alkaloid profiles with gene expression profiles between 16 different Papaver species. Out of 2000 expressed sequence tags obtained from P. somniferum, 69 show increased expression in morphinan alkaloid-containing species. One of these cDNAs, exhibiting an expression pattern very similar to previously isolated cDNAs coding for enzymes in benzylisoquinoline biosynthesis, showed the highest amino acid identity to reductases in menthol biosynthesis. After overexpression, the protein encoded by this cDNA reduced the keto group of salutaridine yielding salutaridinol, an intermediate in morphine biosynthesis. The stereoisomer 7-epi-salutaridinol was not formed. Based on its similarities to a previously purified protein from P. somniferum with respect to the high substrate specificity, molecular mass and kinetic data, the recombinant protein was identified as salutaridine reductase (SalR; EC 1.1.1.248). Unlike codeinone reductase, an enzyme acting later in the pathway that catalyses the reduction of a keto group and which belongs to the family of the aldo-keto reductases, the cDNA identified in this study as SalR belongs to the family of short chain dehydrogenases/reductases and is related to reductases in monoterpene metabolism.