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随着全球水体富营养化的加剧,有害藻类水华和赤潮的爆发日趋频繁,所造成的环境和经济问题日益引起人们的重视.溶藻细菌作为水生生态系统生物种群结构和功能的重要组成部分,对维持藻的生物量平衡具有非常重要的作用.目前在物理、化学和其它生物方法治理水华和赤潮都不够理想的情况下,利用溶藻细菌治理水华,可保持水环境生态平衡,从而达到防止水华的目的.而且随着溶藻细菌的生物学活性不断被发现,以茵治藻将作为水华和赤潮生物防治的一个新对策,具有广泛的研究前景.本文通过查阅近年来国内外有关水生生态系统中溶藻细菌研究的最新研究成果并对溶藻细菌防治有害藻类的种类、分离方法、作用方式及可能的作用机理、作用效应、研究前景和存在问题做一阐述,以期对于细菌溶藻方面的研究及开发应用具有一定的参考价值. 相似文献
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恢复东湖水生生态系统途径初探 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
借鉴国内外其他湖泊的治理经验 ,讨论了如何恢复东湖水生生态系统的一些途径 ,其中探讨了①物理方法 :截污 ,清淤与引水冲污 ;②化学方法 :化学除磷与抑藻或杀藻 ;③生物方法 :用生物量输出氮磷与用生物方法对小型浮游藻类进行控制。 相似文献
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湖泊富营养化导致的水华藻类频繁暴发已成为当今世界性的环境问题,溶藻微生物作为生物法防治有害藻类水华具有广泛的研究前景,通过查阅文献对微生物控制有害藻类水华进行概述,并探讨进一步的研究趋势和应用前景,以期对微生物溶藻方面的研究及开发应用有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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随着水体富营养化的加剧,有害藻类水华和赤潮的爆发日趋频繁,导致水质的恶化,水体资源丧失其功能和价值。修复藻型富营养化水体生态系统可以从控制藻类繁殖和调整藻类群落结构方面着手,使整个水生 相似文献
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藻类水华频发已成为全球性的水环境问题,近年来,生物控藻法因具有环境友好的特点而备受关注。本研究以我国富营养化湖泊中常见大型底栖动物铜锈环棱螺为操纵生物,通过室内培养试验,研究了其对水华水体中常见蓝藻铜绿微囊藻、绿藻普通小球藻和斜生栅藻生长及光合活性的影响,以期阐明螺-藻间相互作用关系,探究铜锈环棱螺作为生物操纵物种的可行性。结果表明: 铜锈环棱螺能在短时间内大量摄食藻细胞,其对铜绿微囊藻产毒株和不产毒株以及斜生栅藻的去除率均在12 h内达到最大值,分别为73.7%、73.2%和51.1%;其对普通小球藻的摄食强于其他藻类,至试验结束时去除率达到99.2%。产毒铜绿微囊藻产生的微囊藻毒素会在铜锈环棱螺体内累积并促发其肝脏病理学变化,进而阻碍铜锈环棱螺的摄食。试验后期各处理组藻细胞光合活性均显著低于对照组,表明铜锈环棱螺的摄食作用对藻细胞造成了损伤,抑制了其大量增殖。此外,当不产毒铜绿微囊藻与斜生栅藻混合时,铜锈环棱螺的选择摄食性导致微囊藻的优势地位被斜生栅藻所取代。因此,铜锈环棱螺可以通过摄食作用抑制藻类的光合活性并降低其生物量,从而在一定程度上抑制或减缓水华的形成。 相似文献
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大麦杆在控制水华藻类中的应用 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
近几年来 ,利用大麦杆控制藻类水华的研究受到越来越多的关注 ,在某些小型水体(如池塘、花园水池、小型湖泊等 )的水华防治应用中 ,已经取得初步成效 ,为治理淡水水华提供了新的思路 ,许多人希望将之应用于大型水体 (如大的池塘、湖泊、水库及运河 ) ,控制因富营养化引发的大规模水华。大麦杆控藻的研究始于英国 ,最初主要针对室外特定的小环境开展研究 ,并配合部分实验室试验。工作者对于大麦杆抑制藻类的生长进而阻止水华暴发的机理做了深入的研究 ,并提出相关模型 ,为工作的进一步深入打下了理论基础。近年来 ,人们根据已积累的资料 ,将… 相似文献
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Dynamics of cyanophage-like particles and algicidal bacteria causing Microcystis aeruginosa mortality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The dynamics of cyanophage-like particles and algicidal bacteria that infect the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa was followed in a hyper-eutrophic pond from September 1998 to August 1999. The densities of M. aeruginosa ranged between 4.0 × 105 and 1.9 × 107 cells ml−1, whereas those of algicidal bacteria were between 4.0 and 5.1 × 102 plaque-forming units (PFU) ml−1 and those of cyanophage-like particles were between <5.0 × 102 and 7.1 × 103 PFU ml−1. A significant relationship was found between the densities of algicidal bacteria and M. aeruginosa (r = 0.81, n = 69, P < 0.001), suggesting that the dynamics of the algicidal bacteria may regulate the abundance of M. aeruginosa. Occasional peaks of density of cyanophage-like particles were detected in October, June, and August, when sharp declines
in M. aeruginosa cell densities were also observed. The densities of cyanophage-like particles became undetectable when the abundance of M. aeruginosa was low, suggesting the density-dependent infection of M. aeruginosa by cyanophage-like particles. Thus, we suggest that infections of both algicidal bacteria and cyanophage-like particles are
important biological agents that decompose blooms of M. aeruginosa in freshwater environments.
Received: August 31, 2000 / Accepted: December 6, 2000 相似文献
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《Harmful algae》2014
As part of efforts to enhance the strategies explored to eliminate the adverse impacts of cyanobacterial blooms, we isolated an algicidal bacterium, J4, from Lake Taihu. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequence revealed that strain J4 belonged to the genus Brevundimonas. Bacterium J4 exhibited algicidal activity mainly through excretion of extracellular algicidal compounds that were further extracted with methanol and purified by silica gel chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The compounds showed thermal stability, strong polarity and water solubility in J4 cultures. Study on the algicidal activity of J4 against two dominant cyanobacterial bloom-forming species in Lake Taihu showed that J4 exhibited lower algicidal rate against Synechococcus sp. BN60 (48.6%, t = 6 days) than against Microcystis aeruginosa 9110 (91.8%, t = 6 days). Additionally, rapid reduction in cell density of J4 was observed in co-cultures of Synechococcus sp. BN60 and bacterium J4 but not observed in co-cultures of M. aeruginosa 9110 and bacterium J4 during algicidal process, which was the main reason why the algicidal rate of J4 against BN60 was lower than against 9110. The reduction in cell density of J4 resulted from inducible production of antimicrobial-like compound secreted by Synechococcus sp. BN60 in co-cultures of Synechococcus sp. BN60 and bacterium J4, which reflected a kind of chemical defense from cyanobacteria (BN60) against algicidal bacteria (J4). However, M. aeruginosa 9110 had no chemical defense against J4, suggesting that whether cyanobacterial chemical defense occurs or not between cyanobacteria and algicidal bacteria depends on specific cyanobacteria–algicidal bacteria pairs. These results show that not only one-sided algicidal effect but also two-sided reciprocal inhibition interactions exist between algicidal bacteria and cyanobacteria, indicating the complexity of cyanobacteria–algicidal bacteria interactions in Lake Taihu and the need to take the cyanobacterial defensive responses into consideration when assessing potential use of algicidal bacteria. 相似文献
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【背景】蓝藻常形成水华,严重破坏水生环境及威胁水生生物。微生物能够专一性地抑制蓝藻的生长,从而可以被用于蓝藻水华的控制。【目的】分离筛选一株对有害水华藻——铜绿微囊藻(Microcystisaeruginosa)7806有高效抑藻能力的菌株,对其进行生理生化和分子鉴定,并研究其抑藻效果与特征。【方法】通过API试剂条确定其生理生化特征,对细菌的16SrRNA基因进行测序并构建系统进化树,通过探究细菌菌体、上清、发酵液的抑藻效果确定该菌的抑藻方式,通过测定不同温度、pH、蛋白酶K、有机溶剂萃取和透析条件下的抑藻效果及傅里叶红外光谱来确定胞外抑藻物质的性质。【结果】菌株hsn03与芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)的Bacillus sonorensis NBRC101234有最高相似性,达99.59%;通过分泌胞外抑藻物质对铜绿微囊藻生长表现出抑制效果,且最佳抑藻添加量为7.0%(体积比);胞外抑藻物质为一类分子量大于500 Da且小于1 kD,耐高温,耐酸碱,含有叁键和累积双键,非蛋白、多糖类的小分子物质。【结论】抑藻菌株的挖掘与鉴定对于丰富有害藻华藻的抑藻菌质资源有非常大的促进作用,通过对抑藻方式、效果和特征的研究为进一步将抑藻菌应用于铜绿微囊藻的治理奠定基础。 相似文献
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While searching for effective bio-agents to control harmful algal blooms (HABs), the bacterial strain LP-10, which has strong algicidal activity against Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae), was isolated from surface seawater samples taken from the East China Sea. 16S rDNA sequence analysis and morphological characteristics revealed the strain LP-10 belonged to the genus Bacillus. The lytic effect of Bacillus sp. LP-10 against P. globosa was both concentration- and time-dependent. Algicidal activities of different growth stages of the bacterial culture varied significantly. The lytic effect of different parts of the bacterial cultures indicated that the algal cells were lysed by algicidal active compounds in the cell-free filtrate. Analysis of the properties of the active compounds showed that they had a molecular weight of less than 1000 Da and that the active compounds were stable between −80 and 121 °C. The algicidal range assay indicated that five other algal species were also suppressed by strain LP-10, including: Alexandrium catenella, A. tamarense, A. minutum, Prorocentrum micans and Asterionella japonica. Our results suggested that the algicidal bacterium Bacillus sp. LP-10 could be a potential bio-agent to control the blooms of harmful algal species. 相似文献