老瓜头中的化学成分

从老瓜头(Cynanchum komarovii Al.Iljinski)中分得10种化合物,根据理化常数、光谱分析及化学反应鉴定为7-脱甲氧娃儿藤碱(Ⅰ),表赤杨醇(Ⅱ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅲ),三十烷酸(Ⅳ),蔗糖(Ⅴ),氧化脱氧娃儿藤次碱(Ⅵ),磁麻脂(Ⅶ),牡丹酚(Ⅷ),β-谷甾醇-β-D-葡萄糖甙(Ⅸ)和葡萄糖(Ⅹ)。其中Ⅵ为微量新生物碱。生物试验结果表明,Ⅰ、Ⅵ及反应产物Ⅺ均具有细胞毒作用,后者亦为新化合物。     

云南山楂果化学成分的研究

从云南山楂的果实中分得10个化物,经光谱分析及化学反应分别鉴定为槲皮素(Ⅰ)、芦丁(Ⅱ)、牡荆素(Ⅲ)、金丝挑甙(Ⅳ)、胡萝卜甙(Ⅴ)、熊果酸(Ⅵ)、氯原酸(Ⅶ)、奎宁酸(Ⅷ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅺ)及二十九烷醇(Ⅹ)。     

小花棘豆化学成分的研究

从有毒植物小花棘豆(Oxytropis glabra DC.)的地上部分分离得到10种化合物,经光谱分析及理化常数测定,分别鉴定为槲皮素(Ⅰ)、山奈酚(Ⅱ)、3′,7-二羟基-2′,4′-二甲氧基-异黄烷(Ⅲ)、山奈-7-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖甙(Ⅳ)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅴ)、山奈酚--O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅵ)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖-7-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅶ)槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅷ)、杨梅树皮甙(Ⅺ)和3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→3)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸基]-黄豆醇B(Ⅹ)。上述成分均为首次从该植物中分得。化合物Ⅹ为新化合物。     

叉子圆柏中的抗肿瘤化学成分

从叉子圆柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)的树皮中分得12种成分,根据其理化性质、化学反应及光谱分析,其中11种成分鉴定为反式璎珞柏酸(Ⅰ),顺式璎珞柏酸(Ⅱ),山达海松酸(Ⅲ),异柏油酸(Ⅳ)、柳杉酚(Ⅴ)、12-羟基-6,7-断松香烷8,11,13三烯6,7二醛(Ⅵ),β-足叶草素 A 早醚(Ⅶ),佛手内酯(Ⅷ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅹ),二十四烷酸(Ⅺ)和蜡酸(Ⅻ),另一种是新的3,4苯并香豆素类化合物,命名为圆柏内酯(sabilactone,Ⅸ),Ⅳ-Ⅹ为首次从该植物中分得。生物试验表明Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ具有细胞毒作用。     

香薷中的化学成分

从香[Eltholtzia ciliata(Thund.)Hyland]中分出14个化合物,用波谱和化学等方法确定为6-甲基三十三烷(Ⅰ),13-环己基二十六烷(Ⅱ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅲ),棕榈酸(Ⅳ_a),亚油酸(Ⅳ_b),亚麻酸(Ⅳ_c),熊果酸(Ⅴ),5-羟基-6、7-二甲氧基黄酮(Ⅵ),5-羟基-7、8-二甲氧基黄酮(Ⅶ),5、7-二羟基-4′-甲氧基黄酮(Ⅷ),5-羟基-7、4′-二甲氧基双氢黄酮醇(Ⅸ),β-谷甾醇-3-β-D-葡萄糖甙(Ⅹ),5-羟基-6-甲基-7-O-α-D-半乳吡喃糖双氢黄酮甙(Ⅺ),刺槐素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(Ⅻ)。其中化合物Ⅺ为新化合物,除(Ⅳ_b)和(Ⅳ_c)外,其余为首次从该属植物中得到。     

西洋梨枝化学成分的研究

从西洋梨的枝中分离鉴定了8个化合物,它们分别是正二十九烷(Ⅰ)、羽扇豆醇(Ⅲ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅳ)、白桦脂醇(Ⅴ)、白桦脂酸(Ⅵ)、胡萝卜甙(Ⅶ)、氢醌(Ⅷ)、和熊果甙(Ⅸ)。初步药理实验表明,化合物Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅷ和Ⅸ有一定的抑菌作用,Ⅷ对S-180有一定抑瘤活性。     

千金藤属植物小叶地不容中的生物碱(Ⅷ)

从小叶地不容(Steghania succitera Lo.et Tsoong)的块根中分得11种生物碱,根据理化性质及波谱测定,鉴定为克班宁(crebanine)(Ⅰ),四氢巴马汀(tetrahydropalmatine)(Ⅱ),去氢克班宁(dehydrocrebanine)(Ⅲ),巴马汀(palmatine)(Ⅳ),去氢紫堇单酚碱(dehydro-corydalmiae)(Ⅴ),克班宁硝酸盐(Ⅵ),氧代克班宁(oxocrebanine)(Ⅶ),紫堇单酚碱(corydalmine)(Ⅷ),phanostenine(Ⅸ),离木明碱 discretamine(Ⅹ),及 corypalmine(Ⅺ),化合物(Ⅳ)、(Ⅴ)、(Ⅵ)、(Ⅶ)、(Ⅸ)、(Ⅹ)和Ⅺ为首次报道从该植物中分得。     

沙旋复花中的化学成分

从沙旋复花[Inula salsoloides (Turcz.)Ostenf.]地上部份分得12种成分。根据其理化性质,化学反应及波谱分析,其中9种成分鉴定为蒲公英醇(Ⅰ)、蒲公英醇醋酸酯(Ⅱ)、蒲公英醇软酯酸酯(Ⅲ)、胡萝卜甙(Ⅳ)、木犀草素(Ⅴ)、豆甾醇(Ⅵ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅶ),蜂花酸(Ⅷ)和泽兰内酯(Ⅸ)。这9种化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。(Ⅲ)和(Ⅸ)具有明显的细胞毒作用。     

岭南山竹子叶化学成分研究

采用色谱技术分离岭南山竹子叶的化学成分,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。从岭南山竹子叶提取物中分离了11个化合物,鉴定为异植物醇(Ⅰ),α-Tocospiro B(Ⅱ),正十一烷(Ⅲ),棕榈酸(Ⅳ),(+)-(3R)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-4-butyrolactone(Ⅴ),苯甲酸(Ⅵ),3,4-Dihydroxy-acetophenone(Ⅶ),反式对羟基桂皮酸(Ⅷ),3-甲氧基-4-羟基-苯甲酸(Ⅸ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅹ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅺ)。以上化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

贵州苗药黑骨藤化学成分的研究

利用色谱技术从黑骨藤(Periploca forrestii Schltr)中分离得到9个化合物,通过理化性质和光谱分析,分别鉴定为:α-香树脂醇(I),α-香树脂醇乙酸酯(Ⅱ),27-羟基-α-香树脂醇(Ⅲ),β-香树脂醇(IV),β-香树脂醇乙酸酯(V),熊果酸(Ⅵ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅷ),β-胡萝卜甙(Ⅷ),大黄素(Ⅸ).化合物Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细