单色光玫瑰茄悬浮细胞合成花青素的影响

玫瑰茄悬浮细胞合成花青素受光调节。将不同的单色滤光膜覆盖在摇瓶表面,控制光照强度,判定了蓝光是促进玫瑰茄细胞产花青素的最有效单色光;红光和橙光无效;其它单色光随其波长接近蓝光,正交应增加。单色光对玫瑰茄细胞培养过程的其它参数,如ｐＨ、降糖、细胞生物量等影响不大。     

玫瑰茄县浮细胞合成花青素的光效应研究

光照对悬浮培养的玫瑰茄细胞生物量无影响。随着光照强度增大,玫瑰茄细胞合成花青素的量增加,光照强度３１．０ｗ／ｍ＾２为饱和光照强度,超过该强度,玫瑰茄细胞合成花青素的量不再进一步增加;可见光中蓝光（４２０￣５３０ｎｍ）是促进玫瑰茄细胞合成花青素最有效单色光,光强为３０．０ｗ／ｍ＾２,接种量为０．２ｇ湿细胞的５０ｍｌ培养液经１６ｄ培养,花青素产量为８．９７ｍｇ／５０ｍｌ,高出相同光照强度全色光下的６．     

玫瑰茄悬浮细胞合成花青素的光效应研究

光照对悬浮培养的玫瑰茄细胞生物量无影响。随着光照强度增大,玫瑰茄细胞合成花青素的量增加,光照强度３１．０ｗ／ｍ２为饱和光照强度,超过该强度,玫瑰茄细胞合成花青素的量不再进一步增加;可见光中蓝光（４２０～５３０ｎｍ）是促进玫瑰茄细胞合成花青素最有效单色光,光强为３０．０ｗ／ｍ２,接种量为０．２ｇ湿细胞的５０ｍｌ培养液经１６ｄ培养,花青素产量为８．９７ｍｇ／５０ｍｌ,高出相同光照强度全色光下的６．５３ｍｇ／ｍｌ;黄光和绿光分别有一定的促进作用。当黑暗下的培养时间不超过８ｄ,后期经过不少于８ｄ的光照可以诱导出和全程光照相当的花青素产量,分别为６．６４和６．７２ｍｇ／５０ｍｌ（总培养时间不少于１６ｄ）。当黑暗下培养时间超过１２ｄ,由于营养成分消耗,光照延长,花青素产量也无法提高,添加１０ｍｌ新鲜培养基再进行光诱导,花青素产量可以提高（６．７５ｍｇ／５０ｍｌ）。     

主要营养成分对悬浮培养玫瑰茄细胞生长和花青素合成的影响

本文研究了培养基中碳源和氮源变化对悬浮培养玫瑰茄细胞生长和花青素合成的影响。在８种不同的碳源中,麦芽糖有利于花青素的积累,而蔗糖和葡萄糖适合细胞生长,并有较高的花青素产率。在１％～１０％蔗糖浓度范围内,４％浓度下细胞生长和花青素产率最高,而６％浓度下细胞花青素含量最高,高渗环境较有利于细胞花青素的积累。１３５ｍＭ的氮源总量已足够维持玫瑰茄细胞生长和花青素合成,氮源总量增加对细胞代谢有抑制作用。ＮＨ＋４对细胞有显著抑制作用。总量１３５ｍＭ,ＮＯ－３与ＮＨ＋４比例２５∶２和２３∶４时细胞生长和花青素合成最佳。     

LED光质对茄子果实品质及抗氧化能力的影响

采用发光二极管(LED)精量调制光质和光强,以白光为对照,研究红光、蓝光和红蓝组合光对‘布利塔’长茄果实品质、抗氧化能力及产量的影响.结果表明: 蓝光处理下,茄子果肉中可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和茄皮中花青素含量显著高于其他处理,分别比对照高15.1%、27.2%和73.6%,但果肉中类黄酮、总酚含量及产量显著低于其他处理;红光处理下,茄皮中类黄酮含量显著高于其他处理,但果肉中维生素C(Vc)和可溶性蛋白含量显著低于其他处理;红蓝组合光处理下,果肉中可溶性糖及茄皮中总酚、红色素、黄色素含量、总抗氧化能力以及产量均显著高于其他处理,其中茄皮中总抗氧化能力及产量分别比对照高43.5%和43.4%;而白光处理下,果肉中Vc、类黄酮和总酚含量及总抗氧化能力最高.茄皮中总酚及果肉中Vc含量与其总抗氧化能力呈显著正相关.设施栽培条件下,适当补充蓝光或红光均有利于改善茄子部分品质,红蓝组合光更有利于改善茄皮品质与产量形成.     

玫瑰茄悬浮培养细胞生长及花青素形成的研究

玫瑰茄（Ｒｏｓｅｌｅ）是锦葵科木锦属一年生直立草本植物,广泛分布于全世界各热带、亚热带地区。在我国福建已有生产性栽培,在广东、广西、云南等省亦有栽培。但主要作纤维性原料出口。而玫瑰茄具有多种济价值,其中花萼为紫红色,颜色鲜艳,已经作为提取花青苷色素的合适原料而受到重视。由于受到地域、气候等条件的限制,通过大面积栽培植物来获取产物的方法有较大的局限性,而植物细胞培养技术的发展为天然色素的生产提供了新途径^[1].本文研究了玫瑰匣细胞悬浮培养过程中,碳源、氮源和pH值对细胞生产及花青素形成的影响,为进一步研究花青素生物合成的代谢调控以及采用大规模细胞培养来生产花青素打下了基础。     

光信号对AmRosea1过表达84K杨花青素合成及基因表达的影响

为了探究光信号引起AmRosea1过表达84K杨(Populus alba×P.glandulosa ‘84K’)植株颜色变化的原因,以野生型和AmRosea1过表达84K杨为试验材料,开展LED光、自然光、LED红光、LED蓝光和LED红蓝光处理,测定不同光强和光质下野生型和转基因株系的生理指标变化情况。结果显示：在不同光强下,与LED光处理相比,自然光处理下转基因株系叶片变红,花青素和可溶性糖含量升高,叶绿素含量和POD活性降低。不同光质处理30 d后,与LED红光和蓝光相比,在LED红蓝光诱导下,转基因株系叶片变红,且花青素含量升高,可溶性糖含量和POD活性下降,叶绿素含量略有降低。根据试验结果推测,强光和红蓝光质能激活AmRosea1过表达84K杨的花青素生物合成通路,使转基因株系积累大量的花青素,从而使植株叶片变红。     

玫瑰茄发酵酸乳生产工艺研究

目的：将具有抗氧化活力的玫瑰茄与酸乳发酵结合起来,开发玫瑰茄发酵酸乳。方法：玫瑰茄活性物质采用温水浸提法,获得玫瑰茄花茶并将pH调整至6.0后进行酸乳的发酵。玫瑰茄活性物质通过测定540nm和280 nm吸光度值,分别对应玫瑰茄色素与精油的含量;玫瑰茄发酵酸乳的生产工艺以感官评价分数为响应值,通过单因素试验与响应面优化,最终获得玫瑰茄发酵酸乳的最佳生产工艺。结果：玫瑰茄浸液会对乳酸菌的生长造成一定的影响,玫瑰茄用量要小于0.5%;玫瑰茄浸提活性物质最佳条件为40℃温水浸提40 min。结论：最终确定的玫瑰茄发酵酸乳最佳生产工艺为玫瑰茄用量0.3%、奶粉用量5%、发酵时间24 h。     

拟南芥植物硫肽激素基因在玫瑰茄细胞中的表达

利用玫瑰茄愈伤组织遗传转化体系,通过根癌农杆菌将AtPSK2基因导入玫瑰茄细胞,并获得了功能性表达。研究结果表明,所获得的转基因玫瑰茄细胞系的临界植板细胞密度和临界起始细胞密度分别降低了60%和50%,悬浮细胞培养周期由16d缩短到12d,转化愈伤组织的比生长速率比对照提高了75%,转基因玫瑰茄细胞和愈伤组织中的花黄素含量与对照相比没有发生明显变化。本研究所获得的转基因玫瑰茄细胞系不仅为花青苷和花黄素等次生代谢产物高产细胞株的选育提供出发材料,而且为PSK-α作用机理的深入研究提供一个有用的模型。     

悬浮培养玫瑰茄细胞的生长行为及动力学方程的建立

以培养多年的玫瑰茄（Hibiscus sabdariffaL.)白色细胞株为材料,在以3％蔗糖为碳源,植物生长调节剂为4．5μmol/L2,4-D（2,4－二氯苯氧乙酸）,2．3μmol/L Kt（Kinetin,细胞激动素）的悬浮培养条件下,研究了玫瑰茄细胞的生长及泛醌积累动态、培养液PH值的变化以及培养过程中玫瑰茄细胞对碳源、氮源、磷源的消耗动态,并以此数据建立了悬浮培养玫瑰茄细胞的生长、蔗糖消耗、泛醌形成的非结构动力学模型,经验证表明,模型与实际情况有较高的拟合度。     

Effects of Different Spectra from LED on the Growth,Development and Reproduction of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Light is the major source of energy for plants and as such has a profound effect on plant growth and development. Red and blue lights have been considered to best drive photosynthetic metabolism and are beneficial for plant growth and development, and green light was seen as a signal to slow down or stop. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) was used to investigate the effects of red, blue and green lights on the growth and development of plants from seed germination to seeding. Results demonstrated that red light showed a promotion effect but blue light a prohibition one in most stages except for the flowering time in which the effect of each light was just reversed. When mixed with red or blue light, green light generally at least partially cancelled out the effects caused by each of them. Results also showed that the same number of photons the plant received could cause different effects and choosing the right combination of different color of lights is essential in both promoting the growth and development of plants and reducing the energy consumption of lighting in plant factory.     

Some Factors Affecting the Anthocyanin Formation by Populus Cells in Suspension Culture

In order to elucidate the mechanism of anthocyanin formation by Populus cells in suspension culture, the favourable conditions for anthocyanin formation were investigated. The influence of some factors affecting the anthocyanin formation, i.e. light, sucrose and riboflavin etc. were also examined. Light irradiation and high sucrose concentrations brought about a marked increase of PAL activity, which increased rapidly at the lag phase preceding the anthocyanin formation. The effect of blue light on anthocyanin formation was markedly superior to other kinds of monochromatic light (green and red) or white light. Riboflavin was effective only under light exposure. It was inferred that light, sucrose, riboflavin and PAL activity etc. were closely related with the anthocyanin formation. Especially, light and sucrose cooperated in the increase of PAL activity which was a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin.     

不同波长光照对罗汉果光合及生长影响

罗汉果试管苗在不同波长的LED(半导体)蓝(475±5nm)、黄(585±5nm)、红(660±5nm)及普通日光灯下培养,25d后观测发现,其外观的优劣依次为:蓝光>白光>红光>黄光;植株重量:蓝光>红光>黄光>白光;蓝光和白光下的植株叶大、色绿,植株矮壮,侧芽多;红光和黄光下的植株叶小、色黄绿,植株高、细、弯曲、节间长。测定罗汉果成熟叶片的吸收光谱,发现在波长380~500nm及660~680nm处有较强吸收。不同的光质下测定成熟叶片光合速率,大小依次为:红光>蓝光>白光>黄光。上述的各项试验表明,蓝光对罗汉果幼苗生长发育最好;红光和蓝光为成熟叶片光合作用的最佳光源。     

Ultraviolet A-specific induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the swollen hypocotyls of turnip (Brassica rapa)

Ultraviolet A (UV-A)-mediated regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis was investigated in swollen hypocotyls of the red turnip 'Tsuda'. The shaded swollen hypocotyls which contained negligible anthocyanin were exposed to artificial light sources including low fluence UV-B, UV-A, blue, red, far-red, red plus UV-A, far-red plus UV-A, and blue plus red. Among these lights, only UV-A induced anthocyanin biosynthesis and co-irradiation of red or far-red with UV-A did not affect the extent of UV-A-induced anthocyanin accumulation. The expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5), chalcone synthase (CHS; EC 2.3.1.74), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H; EC 1.14.11.9), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR; EC 1.1.1.219), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS; EC 1.14.11.19) genes was increased with time during a 24 h exposure to UV-A. In contrast, irradiation with red, blue, UV-B, and a combination of blue with red failed to induce CHS expression. Microarray analysis showed that only a few genes, including CHS and F3H, were induced significantly by UV-A, while a separate set of many genes was induced by low fluence UV-B. The UV-A-specific induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis and the unique gene expression profile upon UV-A irradiation as compared with blue and UV-B demonstrated that the observed induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis in red turnips was mediated by a distinct UV-A-specific photoreceptor, but not by phytochromes, UV-A/blue photoreceptors, or UV-B photoreceptors.     

不同光质补光对促早栽培‘瑞都香玉’葡萄果实品质的影响

以4年生‘贝达’嫁接的早熟葡萄品种‘瑞都香玉’为试材,研究设施促早栽培条件下,紫外光、蓝光和红蓝光不同光质补光对果实品质的影响,结果表明: 促早栽培节能日光温室内环境属于典型的弱蓝紫光和弱紫外光环境.与对照(未补光)相比,夜间6 h的蓝光和紫外光补光处理可显著加快葡萄果实发育过程中质量和果粒纵横径的增大、果实糖含量的升高以及酸含量的下降,红蓝光效果不明显.果实成熟期紫外光补光处理果实的单粒质量最高,蓝光与红蓝光处理显著高于对照;蓝光补光处理果实葡萄糖、果糖和总糖含量最高,紫外光次之,红蓝光略高于对照.与对照相比,蓝光补光处理可显著加快果实中里那醇、α-萜品醇、橙花醇等萜烯类组分含量高峰的出现,而紫外光、红蓝光补光处理差异较小.果实成熟期蓝光补光处理果实中里那醇、香茅醇等萜烯类物质含量最高,紫外光补光处理里那醇含量较高,香叶醇、己醛、E-2-己烯醛等主要香气物质的含量最高,而红蓝光补光处理里那醇的含量与对照相比有所降低.紫外光、蓝光和红蓝光3种光质补光处理均增加了果实中醛酮类物质的种类及含量.表明蓝光补光处理果实发育最快,成熟最早,糖含量最高,里那醇等萜烯类物质含量高峰出现的时间最早;紫外光补光处理果实的单粒质量最大,主要萜烯类组分含量高;红蓝光补光处理对改善果实品质的效果不明显.     

Combination of Red and Blue Lights Improved the Growth and Development of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Seedlings by Regulating Photosynthesis

The photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, and photoperiod processes in plants are regulated according to light intensity and quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different light qualities on eggplant seedlings and determine the best light quality for growth. The seedlings of eggplant cultivar ‘Jingqiejingang’ were grown under light-emitting diodes (LEDs): white (W, the control), red (R), blue (B), and different ratios of B/R lights (B/R = 1/1, B/R = 1/3, B/R = 1/6, B/R = 1/9). The growth parameters, leaf morphology, photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the leaves of eggplant seedlings under different LED light treatments were studied. The results showed that the plant height, leaf development, and photosynthetic characteristics were inhibited by red light but elevated by blue light compared with the control. Conversely, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids were all increased by red light, while decreased by blue light significantly. In addition, the contents of carbohydrates and the activities of nitrogen assimilation enzymes were not or little changed by the monochromatic blue and red light. The combined light of red and blue were more beneficial for growth than the monochromatic light, especially B/R = 1/3 light. Under B/R = 1/3 light, the parameter values of plant growth, leaf development, photosynthetic pigments and characteristics, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism were all maximum. Taken together, combined application lights of red and blue are good practice for the cultivation of eggplant seedlings, and LED B/R = 1/3 light was optimum.

     

LED光质对乌饭树组培苗茎段增殖和生根的影响

采用发光二极管（LED）调制光质,以荧光灯为对照,研究LED不同红蓝光质比对乌饭树茎段增殖及生根的影响,为利用光质调控技术提高乌饭树组培效率和品质提供科学依据。结果表明,红光有利于新梢伸长及叶面积增加,但显著抑制叶绿素合成;蓝光抑制茎段新梢的诱导,但能促进组培苗不定根形成。红蓝复合光最有利于乌饭树组培苗茎段增殖、生物量积累以及根系发育,其中,在70% R（红光）+30% B（蓝光）处理下,带芽茎段的新梢诱导率、新梢数、叶片数、鲜重和干重均达到最大;而在生根阶段,组培苗的生根率、根数和根长在50% R+50% B处理下达到最大。此外,在单色蓝光处理下叶绿素a/b比值最大,是红光处理下的1.46倍;红蓝复合光促进乌饭树组培苗类胡萝卜素的合成。与荧光灯相比,适宜的LED光质能显著促进乌饭树茎段增殖和生根,是替代荧光灯的理想光源。     

发光二极管光质对念珠藻葛仙米生长及生理生化特性的影响

利用发光二极管（LED）作为光源,以冷百荧光灯光作为对照,研究不同光质红光637 nm、绿光529 nm、蓝光453 nm、白光（400700） nm对念珠藻葛仙米生长和生理生化特性的影响。结果表明:在培养前期,红光促进藻蓝蛋白合成,而藻红蛋白合成受抑制;蓝光和绿光则促进藻蓝蛋白合成。在培养后期,红光处理有利于叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素积累,其含量分别达到干重的1.33%和0.24%;绿光、白光和冷白荧光培养物的相应色素的含量均约占1.0%和0.16%;蓝光培养物的相应色素含量分别仅为0.45%和0.11%。红光培养物的氨基酸含量达干重的23.1%,是对照的1.58倍。除蓝光外其他光质对还原糖的含量影响无显著差异。在培养过程中LED白光和冷白荧光培养物的平均相对生长速率分别约为其他色光培养物的1.3和1.5倍。       

光质对绿豆幼苗叶片超微弱发光及叶绿素含量的影响

以绿豆幼苗为试材,测定其叶片超弱发光(UBE)及叶绿素含量在不同光质条件下的变化,并探讨两者之间的关系.结果表明,生长在不同光质下绿豆幼苗叶片的UBE及延迟发光衰减参数1/P都随着其生长不断增强,且生长在白光下绿豆幼苗的UBE是生长在其他光质(红、黄、蓝、绿)下幼苗的2倍以上,而红光、黄光和绿光处理之间无显著差异;生长在白光下的绿豆幼苗叶片叶绿素含量显著高于红、黄、蓝、绿光处理幼苗,而红光和黄光处理又显著高于蓝光和绿光处理.研究发现,光质对绿豆幼苗叶片超弱发光和叶绿素含量影响相似,绿豆幼苗叶片超弱发光可能与叶绿体的发育和光合作用有关.