纳米粒子-生物分子复合体的合成及其在生物医药领域的应用

纳米粒子具有独特的光、电和催化性质;生物物质具有识别、催化和抑制的特性;纳米粒子连接生物分子从而合成了具有生物上的电、光性质的纳米粒子—生物分子复合体。本文介绍了纳米粒子-生物分子复合体系的合成,以及这些纳米粒子—生物分子复合体在生物医学领域的应用及研究进展。     

DNA四面体纳米结构及其在生物技术领域的应用进展

DNA四面体纳米结构是一种通过精确巧妙的DNA序列设计,应用碱基互补配对的原则,由4条单链自动杂交结合而成的具有四面体形状的DNA三维纳米结构。其具有良好的生物相容性和优异的细胞膜通透性,同时制备较为简单且产率高、尺寸以及动态性均可调节,因而在微生物鉴定、医学诊断和生物传感器等领域得到了广泛的研究与应用。基于此,介绍了DNA四面体纳米结构及其功能化修饰,综述了DNA四面体纳米结构在生物技术领域的应用进展,以期为推动DNA四面体纳米结构的研究、拓宽其应用领域提供参考。     

模板法金纳米簇的制备及其在生物分子检测中的应用

金纳米簇(AuNCs)作为一种新型荧光纳米材料,是由几个到约一百个金原子组成的分子聚集体,因制备简单、光学性质优异以及毒性低等特性,近年来在生物传感领域得到了广泛应用。本文首先对以巯基化合物、树枝状化合物、多肽和蛋白质、寡核苷酸DNA等为模板制备AuNCs的模板法及其优点进行阐述,对AuNCs的紫外吸收、荧光及电化学性质进行介绍,之后重点总结基于荧光AuNCs的生物传感器在生物大分子及小分子检测中的应用,最后对AuNCs应用于生物传感领域所面临的挑战进行分析,并对其应用前景进行展望。     

DNA-金纳米粒子网状结构的合成及在癌胚抗原检测中的初步应用

一种DNA-金纳米粒子导电复合物被成功的制备并应用于癌胚抗原（CEA）的早期检测中。该导电复合物网状结构的制备主要基于DNA中呈负电性的磷酸骨架与带正电荷的金纳米粒子之间的静电自组装技术。测试结果显示,该纳米复合物可以很好的检测癌胚抗原,且检测浓度达到了5ng／mL,从而为癌症的早期检测奠定了基础。     

Measurements of single DNA molecule packaging dynamics in bacteriophage lambda reveal high forces, high motor processivity, and capsid transformations

Molecular motors drive genome packaging into preformed procapsids in many double-stranded (ds)DNA viruses. Here, we present optical tweezers measurements of single DNA molecule packaging in bacteriophage lambda. DNA-gpA-gpNu1 complexes were assembled with recombinant gpA and gpNu1 proteins and tethered to microspheres, and procapsids were attached to separate microspheres. DNA binding and initiation of packaging were observed within a few seconds of bringing these microspheres into proximity in the presence of ATP. The motor was observed to generate greater than 50 picoNewtons (pN) of force, in the same range as observed with bacteriophage phi29, suggesting that high force generation is a common property of viral packaging motors. However, at low capsid filling the packaging rate averaged approximately 600 bp/s, which is 3.5-fold higher than phi29, and the motor processivity was also threefold higher, with less than one slip per genome length translocated. The packaging rate slowed significantly with increasing capsid filling, indicating a buildup of internal force reaching 14 pN at 86% packaging, in good agreement with the force driving DNA ejection measured in osmotic pressure experiments and calculated theoretically. Taken together, these experiments show that the internal force that builds during packaging is largely available to drive subsequent DNA ejection. In addition, we observed an 80 bp/s dip in the average packaging rate at 30% packaging, suggesting that procapsid expansion occurs at this point following the buildup of an average of 4 pN of internal force. In experiments with a DNA construct longer than the wild-type genome, a sudden acceleration in packaging rate was observed above 90% packaging, and much greater than 100% of the genome length was translocated, suggesting that internal force can rupture the immature procapsid, which lacks an accessory protein (gpD).     

Temperature dependence of single channel currents and the peptide libration mechanism for ion transport through the gramicidin A transmembrane channel

Summary A study of the temperature dependence of gramicidin A conductance of K⁺ in diphytanoyllecithin/n-decane membranes shows the plot of In (single channel conductance) as a function of reciprocal temperature to be nonlinear for the most probable set of conductance, states. These results are considered in terms of a series of barriers, of the dynamics of channel conformation,vis-a-vis the peptide libration mechanism, and of the effect of lipid viscosity on side chain motions again as affecting the energetics of peptide libration.