过表达TatAdCd转位酶对枯草芽孢杆菌脂肪酶分泌的影响

【目的】研究过表达枯草芽孢杆菌Tat运输途径的Tat Ad Cd转位酶对促进脂肪酶分泌的影响。【方法】用cdd基因的串联启动子和前导区,替换tat AD-CD操纵子的启动子和前导区,并在染色体sac B基因位点整合表达;采用q RT-PCR方法表征tat AD-CD操纵子的表达水平;用脂肪酶表达质粒p HP13L转化Tat Ad Cd转位酶过表达菌株,构建产脂肪酶重组菌。通过测定脂肪酶活性,以及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,考察Tat Ad Cd转位酶过表达对脂肪酶分泌的影响。【结果】tat AD-CD操纵子被过表达,其胞内m RNA相对水平提高了185倍。Tat Ad Cd转位酶的过表达,使脂肪酶发酵单位提高了40%。【结论】使用cdd基因的串联启动子和前导区,能够有效地过表达目的基因;枯草芽孢杆菌脂肪酶可以同时经由Sec途径和Tat途径分泌;过表达Tat Ad Cd转位酶,能够显著提高脂肪酶的分泌量。     

少根根霉脂肪酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的诱导表达

利用PCR技术从少根根霉基因组中扩增出脂肪酶成熟肽基因ral,并从枯草芽孢杆菌基因组中扩增出sacB基因的启动子-信号序列(SacB);通过搭桥PCR将SacB序列与ral基因融合,并将该基因表达盒连接到枯草杆菌分泌表达载体pGJ103中构建了脂肪酶基因的诱导表达载体pGJ103-SacB-ral。将重组载体转化至枯草芽孢杆菌后,少根根霉脂肪酶成熟肽基因在SacB启动子-信号序列的调控和蔗糖的诱导下获得表达,产物分泌至胞外。     

拆分获得(S)-酮基布洛芬脂肪酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的克隆与表达

【目的】筛选具有不对称拆分消旋酮基布洛芬氯乙酯能力的脂肪酶基因,构建其表达分泌型工程菌,并进一步提高该脂肪酶的立体选择性。【方法】以自筛选出的一株具有不对称拆分消旋酮基布洛芬氯乙酯能力的菌株NK13为材料,通过构建其基因组文库,筛选具有不对称拆分消旋酮基布洛芬氯乙酯能力的脂肪酶基因。通过构建该脂肪酶基因的分泌型诱导表达载体pHY300-plk-sacR-gene,将其转入枯草芽孢杆菌WB600,获得基因重组菌WB600(pHY300-plk-sacR-gene)。用SDS-PAGE检测其表达和转化情况,采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法纯化脂肪酶;并利用TLC和HPLC检测该酶的立体选择专一性。【结果】得到了具有专一性拆分获得(S)-酮基布洛芬能力、长度为633bp的脂肪酶基因(GenBank登录号为:EU381317)。该脂肪酶在枯草芽孢杆菌WB600中得到了分泌表达。TLC和HPLC检测结果显示,纯化的脂肪酶对底物转化40h时转化率为30%,生成(S)-酮基布洛芬的e.e.%值最高,达60.02%,与未加Tween-80的枯草芽孢杆菌转化子体系相同。而在含Tween-80的环境下,枯草芽孢杆菌表达重组菌对底物转化36h时转化率约为45%,生成(S)-酮基布洛芬的e.e.%值最高,达93.64%,是野生菌NK13的16倍。【结论】从NK13号菌株中筛选得到的新的脂肪酶具有很高的不对称拆分获得(S)-酮基布洛芬的能力,实现了NK13菌中633bp脂肪酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的分泌表达,研究证明Tween-80能提高该脂肪酶的拆分专一性。     

细菌麦芽糖淀粉酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的诱导型异源表达

【目的】实现地衣芽孢杆菌麦芽糖淀粉酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效异源表达,并研究该重组酶的酶学性质。【方法】克隆巨大芽孢杆菌木糖异构酶基因的启动子区域及其调控蛋白,构建一个大肠杆菌/芽孢杆菌穿梭型诱导表达质粒,使用该诱导型启动子介导麦芽糖淀粉酶编码基因,实现其在枯草芽孢杆菌中的功能表达。对重组枯草芽孢杆菌的诱导条件进行优化,提高麦芽糖淀粉酶的产量。【结果】获得了诱导表达麦芽糖淀粉酶基因的重组枯草芽孢杆菌菌株。最适诱导温度为45°C,最适诱导剂添加浓度为1%,最适添加诱导剂时间为接种培养9 h后。重组酶蛋白分子量大小为67 k D,对该酶的酶学性质研究发现,以可溶性淀粉为底物,反应生成麦芽糖和葡萄糖,其中麦芽糖含量为60.42%。重组酶最适作用温度为45°C,最适作用p H为6.5,Ca2+、Co2+、EDTA对该重组麦芽糖淀粉酶具有激活作用。【结论】通过木糖诱导表达系统可以实现麦芽糖淀粉酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效诱导型表达,酶活最高可达296.64 U/m L发酵液,在工业上有着较好的应用前景。     

枯草芽孢杆菌胞外氨肽酶对菌体生长的作用研究

【目的】利用基因敲除技术构建突变菌株BS-AP-K来研究枯草芽孢杆菌的分泌型氨肽酶对菌体生长的作用。【方法】基于Xer/dif重组系统敲除Bacillus subtilis 168基因组中ywaD基因,研究比较野生型与BS-AP-K菌株在不同培养基中的生长情况。【结果】通过比较两菌株的生长情况,发现敲除分泌型氨肽酶会对菌体生长带来不利影响,而这种影响可以通过在培养基中添加多种游离氨基酸来弥补。【结论】研究结果表明胞外氨肽酶通过酶切外源蛋白质以及多肽来为细胞生长提供营养所需。     

海绵共生萎缩芽孢杆菌C89 PPTase bap基因的异源表达

【背景】磷酸泛酰巯基乙胺基转移酶(PPTase)催化非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)中肽酰载体蛋白(PCP)从无活性的脱辅基形态转化为有活性的全辅基形态,从而启动非核糖体肽类化合物的生物合成。【目的】鉴定贪婪倔海绵共生萎缩芽孢杆菌C89中Sfp型PPTase Bap,验证Bap激活NRPS中PCP的能力。【方法】通过BLAST和氨基酸多序列比对鉴定萎缩芽孢杆菌C89中Sfp型PPTase Bap。将bap基因在sfp基因突变株枯草芽孢杆菌168中异源表达,通过重组菌枯草芽孢杆菌168-bap的代谢物检测非核糖体肽类化合物Surfactin。【结果】Bap为Sfp型PPTase,检测到重组菌枯草芽孢杆菌168-bap中Surfactin的产生。【结论】本研究为海洋萎缩芽孢杆菌中NRPS基因簇的异源表达奠定了基础。     

利用枯草芽孢杆菌ytkA和ywoF基因启动子与信号肽重组分泌表达mpd基因

用大肠杆菌-枯草芽孢杆菌穿梭载体pNW33N和去除了信号肽编码序列的成熟mpd基因构建了穿梭启动子探针pNW33N-mpd。用该探针从质粒pMPDP3和pMPDP29上克隆来自于枯草芽孢杆菌ytkA和ywoF基因上游的启动子功能片段,构建了穿梭表达载体pNYTM和pNYWM。将表达载体pNYTM和pNYWM转入枯草芽孢杆菌1A751获得表达菌株1A751(pNYTM)和1A751(pNYTM),mpd基因在ytkA和ywoF基因的启动子和信号肽的带动下实现了分泌表达且具有天然活性,结果表明ytkA基因的启动子强度强于ywoF基因的启动子。利用ytkA基因的强启动子和nprB基因的分泌型信号肽编码序列构建了新的穿梭分泌表达载体pYNMK,并使mpd基因在枯草芽孢杆菌WB800中得到了更高水平的分泌表达,表达菌株WB800(pYNMK)在培养到第84h时甲基对硫磷水解酶酶活达到最高值为10.40u/mL,是出发菌株邻单胞菌M6表达量的10.8倍,重组表达产物有91.4%分泌在培养基中。     

肌苷生产菌枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 13952的全基因组测序及序列分析

摘要:【目的】枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 13952是一株肌苷工业生产菌株。为深入研究ATCC 13952菌株积累肌苷的分子机制以及为进一步分子育种研究提供序列背景信息,有必要解析ATCC 13952菌株的基因组序列信息。【方法】本研究采用高通量测序和Sanger测序相结合对ATCC 13952菌株进行全基因组测序,然后使用相关软件对测序数据进行基因组组装、基因预测与功能注释、GO/COG 聚类分析、共线性分析等。【结果】枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 13952整个基因组大小为3876276 bp,GC含量为45.8%,序列已提交至GenBank 数据库,登录号为CP009748。比较基因组及嘌呤代谢相关基因分析结果显示:枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 13952与其他几株芽孢杆菌具有较好的基因组共线性关系,嘌呤代谢相关基因编码的蛋白与标准菌株比较发生了一些缺失和突变。【结论】本研究首次报道了一株肌苷生产菌枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 13952的全基因组序列,分析了基因组基本特征,初步探讨了该菌株积累肌苷的分子机制,为后续的进一步分子育种提供了理论基础。     

巨大芽孢杆菌β-淀粉酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中诱导表达及碳代谢去阻遏

【背景】β-淀粉酶在食品和医疗领域应用广泛。目前工业上使用的β-淀粉酶主要从植物中提取,生产成本高,限制了β-淀粉酶的应用。微生物生产的β-淀粉酶尽管早有报道,但由于产酶水平低下,因而一直未能实现工业化。【目的】实现巨大芽孢杆菌β-淀粉酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效诱导表达,缓解碳分解代谢物阻遏(Carbon catabolite repression,CCR)对该重组酶表达的影响,并研究其酶学性质。【方法】克隆枯草芽孢杆菌木糖诱导启动子,构建木糖诱导表达载体以介导巨大芽孢杆菌1514的β-淀粉酶编码基因amyM在枯草芽孢杆菌中的异源表达。定点突变位于amyM信号肽编码区的分解代谢物响应元件(Catabolite responsive element,CRE),降低碳源代谢对重组β-淀粉酶施加的阻遏。【结果】构建了诱导表达β-淀粉酶基因的重组枯草芽孢杆菌菌株。同义替换amyM-CRE保守碱基在不同程度上缓解了碳源所施加的CCR效应,重组酶的表达水平得到显著提高。重组酶的分子量为57 kD,水解可溶性淀粉主要生成麦芽糖和少量葡萄糖,其中麦芽糖含量为72%。该酶最适作用温度为50°C,最适反应pH为6.0。Co2+、Ca2+对重组β-淀粉酶具有激活作用。【结论】通过木糖诱导表达系统和碳代谢去阻遏实现了β-淀粉酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效表达,酶活最高可达97.16 U/mL发酵液,比amyM基因来源菌巨大芽孢杆菌1514的β-淀粉酶产量提高了440倍,为β-淀粉酶发酵生产的工业化提供了支撑。     

地衣芽孢杆菌α—淀粉酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的诱导表达

采用PCR技术扩增了sacB基因的启动子-信号序列,并将扩增的序列重组进含地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因的质粒载体上构建了含α-淀粉酶基因的分泌型表达载体pSA60。将pSA60转化枯草芽孢杆菌QB1098后,α-淀粉酶基因在sacB基因启动子-信号序列的调控和蔗糖的诱导下获得表达,表达产物分泌至胞外。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细