我国葡萄根癌农杆菌Ti质粒的特征

以窄宿主葡萄农杆菌Ag162Ti质粒的T-DNA区tmr、tmsl和ocs基因座位以及T_A-DNA和T_B-DNA片段为探针,对12株我国分离的不同生物型、质粒类型和寄主范围的葡萄根癌农杆菌的引质粒转移DNA(T-DNA)进行Southern杂交分析。在9株生物3型octoplne Ti质粒菌株中,与上述探针均同源。其中窄宿主葡萄根癌农杆菌菌株杂交片段彼此较一致。广宿主葡萄根癌农杆菌菌株的杂交片段彼此差异较大。1株无致瘤能力的生物1型菌株与5个探针均不杂交。1株生物3型nopaline Ti质粒菌株及1株诱导冠瘿瘤中只合成精氨酸的菌株,杂交带的变化也大。由此可见葡萄农杆菌在生物进化过程中其转移DNA呈多态性,成为农杆菌中特殊类群。本分析对葡萄根癌农杆菌致病菌株的鉴定亦有帮助。     

根癌农杆菌介导的水稻遗传转化

就根癌农杆菌介导水稻遗传转化的研究历程和影响农杆菌转化水稻的几个关键因素以及这一问题的前景作了评述和展望     

根癌农杆菌介导的大豆遗传转化

农杆菌介导法是大豆遗传转化的重要方法之一 ,许多实验室应用该方法得到了转基因大豆 ,但目前使用该方法进行转化的效率还比较低 ,尚需深入研究。农杆菌菌株、大豆基因型、组织培养条件、T-DNA的转移效率和转化后的筛选模式都会影响大豆转化的效率。概述了近年来根癌农杆菌介导的大豆遗传转化的一些重要成果 ,以及转化过程中大豆的易感性与农杆菌的转化能力、乙酰丁香酮促进vir基因活化、转化的受体系统和巯基混合物减轻受体材料的褐化、提高T DNA的转移效率等几个重要因素的研究进展 ,并介绍了转化中常用的几个筛选标记基因 (nptⅡ、hpt、bar基因和突变的ahas基因 )及通过共转化法去除标记基因的方法 ,同时对今后研究的重点进行了讨论.     

根癌农杆菌介导Bt基因转化水稻的研究

为了培育出无筛选标记基因的转基因水稻,试验将loxp-hpt-loxp基因与成基因连锁在-起转化水稻方法,得到loxp-hpt—loxp—Bt转基因水稻植株,再与同质的带有ere基因的水稻杂交,以定向删除潮霉素抗性筛选标记。试验表明以水稻品种“皖粳97”为供试材料,将成熟胚来源的愈伤组织用根癌农杆菌EHA105／pCAMBIA1305．1感染后,筛选出抗性愈伤组织并获得再生植株。经PCR验证,得到20棵转基因水稻植株。     

根癌农杆菌介导丝状真菌遗传转化的研究进展

根癌农杆菌介导的丝状真菌遗传转化是近年建立起来的一种新方法,该方法和以往的真菌转化体系相比具有转化方法简单、材料易得、效率高以及转化子中T-DNA单拷贝插入比例高等特点。就根癌农杆菌转化的丝状真菌种类、转化的具体过程以及影响转化效率的因素等方面进行了综述,并展望了该方法的应用前景。     

根癌农杆菌毒力调节基因在识别寄主植物及T-DNA转移的作用

土壤病原菌根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)通过遗传转化植物细胞,引起许多植物(主要是双子叶)发生冠瘿病。转化实质在于农杆菌DNA中的一个特殊片段,T-DNA从大的(>200Kb)Ti质粒转移到植物细胞核     

根癌农杆菌对苜蓿的转化及其特性

通过胭脂碱型根癌农杆菌C58和T37菌株通过共培养和离体感染苜蓿下胚轴和子叶,研究表明,外 植体的生理状态对转化的促进作用明显优于酚类化合物As和复合酚类化合物处理。与感受态外植体相比, 当外植体处于非感受态时,即使通过酚类化合物活化农杆菌vir基因,其致瘤率也明显降低。可溶性蛋白质 含量和游离氨基酸含分析表明,T37和C58转化细胞系可溶性蛋白含量相近,但T37转化细胞系游离氨基酸 含量比C58转化细胞系高得多,这与T37和C58转化细胞系生长特性有关。T37菌株的这种特性对于改良 苜蓿品质具有非常重要的现实意义。     

根癌农杆菌介导的香蕉遗传转化研究进展

香蕉的栽培品种绝大多数是三倍体, 常规育种难度大, 工作周期长, 难以采用传统的育种方法进行遗传改良, 因此转基因技术成为改良香蕉种质的有效方法。根癌农杆菌介导的香蕉的遗传转化从20世纪90年代起取得的了较大的进步, 但仍然存在着很多问题。文章分析了影响农杆菌介导香蕉转化的几个重要环节, 并对其研究现状、存在的问题及应用前景作简要概述。     

根癌农杆菌介导真菌遗传转化的研究进展

根癌农杆菌介导的真菌遗传转化是近年来发展的一种新方法 ,与其它方法相比 ,该方法具有操作简便、转化效率高和易得到稳定转化子等特点。目前 ,在根癌农杆菌介导下已实现了多个属种真菌的遗传转化 ,显示出良好的应用前景。综述了根癌农杆菌介导真菌遗传转化的转化机理和T DNA在真菌细胞中的存在方式等方面的研究结果 ,并展望这一方法的应用前景。     

根癌农杆菌介导的水稻转基因技术体系的优化

对根癌农杆菌介导水稻遗传转化的各重要因素逐一分析,比较不同基因型、培养基成份、光照、继代次数、菌液浓度、侵染时间、干燥情况等因素对遗传转化的影响。通过培养条件的优化,建立了一个高效的水稻转化技术体系。研究结果表明,相比较于暗培养,光照培养进行愈伤诱导可以使诱导天数缩短4~5d;诱导培养基中加入适量的激素可以使籼稻愈伤诱导提高25%~30%;分化培养基中加入适量的氨基酸和甘露醇可以使植株再生频率提高15%~20%。     

农杆菌介导的棉花枯萎病菌转化体系的优化

【背景】海岛棉相对陆地棉更易感枯萎病,一旦发生很难根治,使得枯萎病逐渐成为威胁新疆海岛棉产业发展的主要病害,但其致病机理目前还不是十分明确。【目的】揭示棉花枯萎病菌的遗传变异和致病机理,同时获得带有绿色荧光蛋白(Green Fluorescent Protein,GFP)标记的棉花枯萎病菌转化子用于观察其侵染海岛棉的途径。【方法】采用农杆菌介导的遗传转化(Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation,ATMT)方法,对棉花枯萎病菌7号生理小种st89进行了遗传转化并对转化条件进行优化。【结果】农杆菌介导的遗传转化法转化棉花枯萎病菌的最佳条件为:150 mg/L的潮霉素浓度能完全抑制棉花枯萎病菌的生长,浓度为200 mg/L的头孢噻肟钠能完全抑制农杆菌LBA4404生长,农杆菌起始浓度OD₆₀₀为0.2,农杆菌预培养时间为8 h,棉花枯萎病菌分生孢子浓度为10⁵个/mL,枯萎病菌孢子悬液和农杆菌LBA4404比例为1:1,乙酰丁香酮浓度为200μmol/mL,共培养时间为4 d,转化后培养温...     

农杆菌介导的携带egfp基因载体转化寡雄腐霉

【目的】寡雄腐霉(Pythium oligandrum Drechsler)是一种对动、植物和环境无害,兼具杀菌和增产效果的生防真菌。通过研究建立农杆菌介导的寡雄腐霉遗传转化体系。【方法】选用EHA105、AGL-1、LBA4404三种农杆菌菌株对寡雄腐霉进行遗传转化研究,通过对影响遗传转化效果的条件参数试验优化,确立适宜寡雄腐霉遗传转化的农杆菌菌株及转化条件,建立农杆菌介导的寡雄腐霉遗传转化体系。【结果】经研究发现,所选3种农杆菌菌株中EHA105菌株对寡雄腐霉的遗传转化效果最好,其次是AGL-1菌株,LBA4404菌株转化效果不好。EHA105菌株经IM(含300μmol/L AS)诱导培养至OD_(600)=0.6时,与浓度为10~6–10~7个/m L的寡雄腐霉孢子悬浮液以1–10:1的比例混合,在25–26°C以液体振荡的方式避光共培养72 h(pH 5.0,含300μmol/L AS),寡雄腐霉菌体液体振荡恢复培养24 h,涂布抗性选择平板筛选寡雄腐霉转化子,即可得到寡雄腐霉基因工程菌株,其转化率可达到130个转化子/106个孢子。【结论】本研究首次构建了农杆菌介导的寡雄腐霉遗传转化体系,研究结果可为寡雄腐霉的生防机制及分子育种研究提供技术支撑。     

根癌农杆菌介导真菌遗传转化的研究及应用

根癌农杆菌介导转化法（Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation,ATMT）具有转化效率高、遗传稳定、适用范围广等诸多优点,已成为真菌遗传转化研究中的强有力手段,在真菌基因资源开发、真菌性疾病研究和外源蛋白表达研究中发挥巨大作用。本文概述了根癌农杆菌转化法在真菌转化中的研究进展、技术优缺点、转化机制、实验方法和应用现状,着重介绍影响其转化效率的因素并对优化方法进行探讨,展望了该技术在真菌基因资源发掘、基因编辑等方面的应用前景,为今后真菌的遗传转化研究提供参考。     

Klebsiella pneumoniae nif-lac fusions are expressed in Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58

Summary Plasmids containing hybrid genes, in which different Klebsiella pneumoniae nif (nitrogen-fixation) promoters were fused with the structural part of the Escherichia coli lac operon, were introduced into a double auxotrophic derivative of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58. A study of their expression in the new host was made simple by the inherent inability of A. tumefaciens C58 to produce -galactosidase unless provided with the wild-type lac operon of E. coli. As shown by quantitative measurements of the enzyme, all K. pneumoniae promoters were expressed well in A. tumefaciens C58, even under conditions known to repress them. It also has been shown that the activity of K. pneumoniae nif A is essential for the expression of nifHDK even when introduced into A. tumefaciens. After entering the new host the plasmids, the nif genes and the fusion alleles contained in them, remained stable. Possible mechanisms responsible for the constitutive behaviour of nif promoters in A. tumefaciens are discussed.     

Genetic analysis of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain producing an agrocin active against biotype 3 pathogens

Summary The successful biocontrol agent for crown gall disease, Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84, is unable to protect grapevines from infection. We have identified a strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, J73, which produces an agrocin active both in vitro and in vivo against grapevine pathogens (Webster et al. 1986). We now report on the curing of this strain of its nopaline-type Ti plasmid and the location, by transposon mutagenesis, of the genes involved in the production of the agrocin. The Ti plasmid was cured by the introduction of selectable plasmids carrying the origins of replication of either the nopaline Ti plasmid, pTiC58, or the octopine Ti plasmid, pTi15955. Tn5 mutagenesis indicated that the genes responsible for agrocin production and/or export are located both on the chromosome and on a plasmid, pAgJ73, which co-migrated in agarose gels with pTiJ73. As the two plasmids were separable after transposon mutagenesis, we postulate that during or after mutagenesis of the agrocin plasmid, DNA rearrangements occurred between it and pTiJ73, resulting in an increase in size of pAgJ73. We provide evidence that the rearrangements involved the duplication of nopaline catabolism genes from pTiJ73 and their insertion into pAgJ73, which facilitated the resolution of the two plasmids. As expected pTiJ73 has homology with the nopaline Ti plasmid, pTiC58.     

农杆菌介导5种中草药叶片瞬时表达的研究

农杆菌介导的瞬时基因表达因其操作简单、可重复性高和实验成本低而成为研究基因功能、生产活性蛋白的有效方法.该研究以非病毒型(载体Ⅰ)和病毒型二元载体(载体Ⅱ)及两种农杆菌(EHA105、LBA4404)为介导,通过叶片渗透法在5种中草药(甘草、黄芩、黄芪、大黄、板蓝根)叶片中进行报告基因GFP的瞬时表达,并对影响表达的因...     

T-DNA is organized predominantly in inverted repeat structures in plants transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 derivatives

Summary The detailed structural organization of DNA sequences transferred to the plant genome via Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been determined in 11 transgenic tomato plants that carry the transferred DNA (T-DNA) at a single genetic locus. The majority (seven) of these plants were found to carry multiple copies of T-DNA arranged in inverted repeat structures. Such a high frequency of inverted repeats among transgenotes has not been previously reported and appears to be characteristic of transformation events caused by C58/pGV3850 strains of Agrobacterium. The inverted repeats were found to be centered on either the left or the right T-DNA boundary and both types were observed at similar frequency. In several plants both types of inverted repeat were found to coexist in the same linear array of elements. Direct repeats were observed in two plants, each time at the end of an array of inverted repeat elements, and at a lower frequency than inverted repeats. The junctions between T-DNA elements and plant DNA sequences and the junctions between adjacent T-DNA elements were mapped in the same 11 plants, allowing the determination of the distribution of junction points at each end for both types of junction. Based on a total of 17 distinct junctions at the right end of T-DNA and 19 at the left end, the distribution of junction points was found to be much more homogeneous at the right end than at the left end. Left end junctions were found to be distributed over a 3 kb region of T-DNA with two thirds of the junctions within 217 bp of the left repeat. Two thirds of the right end junctions were found to lie within 11 bp of the right repeat with the rest more than 39 bp from the right repeat. T-DNA::plant DNA junctions and T-DNA::T-DNA inverted repeat junctions showed similar distributions of junction points at both right and left ends. The possibilities that T-DNA inverted repeats are unstable in plants and refractory to cloning in wild type Escherichia coli is discussed. Two distinct types of mechanisms for inverted repeat formation are contrasted, replication and ligation mechanisms.     

T-DNA structure and gene expression in petunia plants transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 derivatives

Summary We have previously described substantial variation in the level of expression of two linked genes which were introduced into transgenic petunia plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. These genes were (i) nopaline synthase (nos) and (ii) a chimeric chlorophyll a/b binding protein/octopine synthase (cab/ocs) gene. In this report we analyze the relationship between the level of expression of the introduced genes and T-DNA structure and copy number in 40 transgenic petunia plants derived from 26 transformed calli. Multiple shoots were regenerated from 8 of these calli and in only 6 cases were multiple regenerated shoots from each callus genotypically identical to each other. Many genotypes showed no nos gene expression (22/28). Most of the plants (16/22) which lacked nos gene expression did contain nos-encoding DNA with the expected restriction enzyme map. Similarly, amongst the genotypes showing no cab/ocs gene expression, the majority (11/28) did not show any alterations in restriction fragments corresponding to the expected cab/ocs coding sequences (10/11). Approximately half of the plants carried multiple copies of T-DNA in inverted repeats about the left or right T-DNA boundaries. No positive correlation was observed between the copy number of the introduced DNA and the level of expression of the introduced genes. However, plants with high copy number complex insertions composed of multiple inverted repeats in linear arrays usually showed low levels of expression of the introduced genes.     

Cloning of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 trpE gene by complementation in Escherichia coli

Summary The trpE gene of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 was cloned from a gene library by complementation in Escherichia coli. It was shown to be unlinked to trpD gene in this organism. It was also shown that the nontumorigenic phenotype of tryptophan auxotrophs of A. tumefaciens could be complemented by addition of exogenous tryptophan. The role of bacterially synthesised tryptophan in the process of tumour formation is discussed.Abbreviations Ap ampicillin - Cm chloramphenicol - Gent gentamycin - Km kanamycin - dATP deoxyadenosine 5-triphosphate - IAA indole acetic acid - NB nutrient broth - MinAB minimal Agrobacterium medium     

阿拉伯海假交替单胞菌N1230-9两个甲基受体趋化蛋白的功能鉴定

【目的】作为海洋中的特有及优势种群,假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas)普遍拥有多个甲基受体趋化蛋白(methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein, MCP),探究这些趋化受体的功能。【方法】以太平洋表层海水来源的一株阿拉伯海假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis) N1230-9为研究对象,利用软琼脂平板法测试该菌株对23种碳源的趋化能力,继而利用同源重组策略构建2个含sCache结构域MCP编码基因(woc28264和woc27036)缺失突变体,并分析突变体对10种碳源的趋化能力。【结果】菌株N1230-9对海藻糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖、l-苹果酸、乙酸钠、丙酸钠、丙酮酸钠、柠檬酸和琥珀酸10种碳源具有趋化能力。WOC28264是l-苹果酸和蔗糖的特异性趋化受体,WOC27036则是柠檬酸和琥珀酸的特异性趋化受体。此外,WOC28264和WOC27036还均是N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖和海藻糖的趋化受体。【结论】WOC28264和WOC27036存在重叠的碳源效应物。