猪链球菌2型次黄嘌呤核苷酸脱氢酶基因的克隆与鉴定

根据GenBank猪链球菌2型(SS2)报道序列,对江苏分离株SS2-H部分测序,发现位于已知毒力基因orf2与mrp之间存在两个新的开放阅读框序列。选取可能含有抗原决定簇肽段对应的核酸序列,该阅读框(2738~3694)编码319个氨基酸残基,分子量为33.5kDa,与已知任何基因无同源性。通过InterPro、PHD、DNAstar分析阅读框,并定向克隆至pET-32α( )载体中,转化至大肠杆菌BL21,表达出分子量为48kDa的融合蛋白,蛋白免疫转印可被SS2的抗血清识别,具有免疫原性;并且含有IMP dehydrogenase结构域,催化IMP生成XMP;流式细胞仪检测该蛋白可明显影响HEp-2细胞周期。     

Epithelial invasion and cell lysis by virulent strains of Streptococcus suis is enhanced by the presence of suilysin

Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs causing arthritis, pneumonia and meningitis and is an occupational disease of farmers and those in the meat industry. As with other streptococci, both virulent and avirulent strains of S. suis are frequently carried asymptomatically in the tonsillar crypts and nasal cavities. Little is known about the process by which virulent strains cross the mucosal epithelia to generate systemic disease and whether this process requires expression of specific bacterial virulence factors. Although putative virulence factors have been postulated, no specific role in the disease process has yet been demonstrated for these factors. This study is the first demonstration that virulent strains of S. suis both invade and lyse HEp-2 cells, a continuous laryngeal epithelial cell line, and that at least one bacterial virulence factor, suilysin, is involved in this process.     

猪链球菌2型不同mrp基因型与毒力的关系

【目的】猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis serotype 2,SS2)是重要的人畜共患病病原,且有强弱毒株之分,但至今仍缺少合适的毒力标志基因来鉴定致病性SS2。本文旨在研究mrp基因型与SS2毒力的关系。【方法】通过PCR方法鉴定不同SS2菌株的mrp基因型。再通过"内标"化的斑马鱼感染模型和实时荧光定量PCR,分别测定不同mrp基因型菌株的毒力水平和mrp转录水平。【结果】根据PCR结果可将53株SS2分为mrp-A型(27株)和mrp-B型(26株)两种基因型;mrp-A型菌株比mrp-B菌株毒力偏强,且A型菌株中mrp转录水平更高。【结论】发现mrp基因在SS2中分布广泛,但不同菌株中mrp基因型不同,mrp-A型菌株的致病力更强。而且,以mrp非保守区域作为诊断靶点能有效鉴定SS2强毒株。     

Immunochemical characterization of an IgG-binding protein of Streptococcus suis

Several bacterial species express surface proteins with affinity for the constant region (F_c) of immunoglobulin (Ig) of different animal species. Previous studies from our group have reported the presence of an IgG-binding protein in various serotypes of Streptococcus suis . This molecule was also shown to bind in a non-immune fashion chicken IgY and to our knowledge this characteristic is unique. In the present study, by dot-blotting, we showed that the native protein, obtained by affinity chromatography, reacted more strongly with IgG from various animal species than the denatured material. Using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay the affinity of the native 60-kDa protein (previously identified as a 52-kDa protein) towards IgG of various animal species was compared to pig IgG. Bovine, goat and human IgG were able to compete effectively with pig IgG whereas chicken IgY constituted a poor competitor. Peptide mapping analysis using denatured protein indicated that pig and bovine IgG recognized the same proteolytic fragment whereas chicken IgY did not. The smallest proteolytic fragment that retained the binding activity towards the IgG of the different animal species tested had a molecular mass of approximately 40 kDa. Fragments with M _r<40 kDa showed specific binding activities. That is, the smallest fragment binding pig and bovine IgG had a M _r of 30 kDa whereas for goat and human IgG a fragment of less than 16 kDa still showed binding activity. Finally, we observed that antisera raised against a heat-shock protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reacted with the 60-kDa S. suis protein indicating that the S. suis 60-kDa protein is a member of the 60-kDa hsp family that possesses the characteristic of binding in a non-immune way mammalian IgG and chicken IgY.     

猪链球菌2型烯醇化酶的分子克隆与免疫学特性

对新近测定的猪链球菌2型(S. suis 2) 05ZYH33全基因序列进行生物信息学分析, 并与相关家族蛋白进行同源性比较, 设计合成引物, PCR法扩增出约1.3 kb的烯醇化酶编码基因 (enolase, eno), 将其克隆入pMD-18T载体中, 进一步亚克隆入表达载体pET32a。将重组表达质粒pET32a::eno转化E. coli BL21 (DE3), 经IPTG诱导表达后, SDS-PAGE初步检测到分子量约为75kD的蛋白带。通过His-Tag亲和层析纯化, 获得融合蛋白His-ENO。Western-blot表明该表达产物具有免疫原性。基于ELISA进行的细胞定位实验证实了Enolase可以部分存在S. suis 2 05ZYH33细菌的表面。这提示了Enolase作为一种新发现的抗原对于引发猪链球菌相关疾病可能发挥着重要的作用。     

猪链球菌2型烯醇化酶的分子克隆与免疫学特性

对新近测定的猪链球菌2型(S.suis 2)05ZYH33全基因序列进行生物信息学分析,并与相关家族蛋白进行同源性比较,设计合成引物,PCR法扩增出约1.3 kb的烯醇化酶编码基因(enolase,eno),将其克隆入pMD-18T载体中,进一步亚克隆入表达载体pET32a.将重组表达质粒pET32a::eno转化E.coli BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE初步检测到分子量约为75kD的蛋白带.通过His-Tag亲和层析纯化,获得融合蛋白His-ENO.Western-blot表明该表达产物具有免疫原性.基于ELISA进行的细胞定位实验证实了Enolase可以部分存在S.suis 2 05ZYH33细菌的表面.这提示了Enolase作为一种新发现的抗原对于引发猪链球菌相关疾病可能发挥着重要的作用.     

猪链球菌2型新的感染相关因子自溶素的鉴定与分析

根据Sanger研究所公布的猪链球菌2型(SS2)P1/7株的自溶素序列,设计检测引物,取SS2我国2次流行株、其它临床分离株和参考株,及猪链球菌1型、1/2型、7型和9型,共33株,分别以其DNA为模板,PCR扩增.结果表明,SS2除无毒株T15阴性外,其他临床分离株27株(含人源2株)均阳性;其它猪链球菌为,SS7阳性,SS1、SS1/2和SS9均阴性.同时设计引物向两侧扩增,以四川流行株ZY05719和江苏流行株HA9801的DNA为模板,扩增自溶素ORF完整的编码基因,软件分析结果显示,该基因含有6个重复的"GBS_Bsp-like"域和1个"N-乙酰胞壁酰-L-丙氨酸酰胺酶"域,与SS2欧洲株有较高同源性(99.8%),但与SS2加拿大株差异较大.在DNASTAR分析所编码蛋白的抗原性的基础上,另设计引物,以ZY05719株DNA为模板,PCR扩增具有良好免疫原性的片段基因,并定向克隆至表达载体pET30a( )中,进行重组表达,SDS-PAGE和Western blot表明,所获得重组自溶素具有良好反应原性.     

Studies on a murine model for evaluation of virulence of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 isolates

Five different parameters, time of incubation of the culture, type of culture medium, inoculum, strain of inbred mice, and age of mice, were tested using the LD50 technique to standardize a murine model for the evaluation of the virulence of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 isolates. A model using 28 day-old mice belonging to CF1 strain appeared to give the best results. The inoculum size was the parameter most influencing the 50% lethal dose obtained with mice. Inoculation with 1-ml volume of a bacterial suspension instead of 0.1 or 0.5 ml decreased the LD50. The standardized model was used to evaluate the virulence of some isolates of known pathogenicity for pigs. The minimum lethal dose was used in the model and it appeared that the virulence of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 isolates can be measured from highly virulent to totally avirulent.     

猪链球菌2型srtF基因敲除突变株的构建及其毒力

利用同源重组基因敲除方法构建猪链球菌2型强毒株05ZYH33 srtF同源突变体。组合PCR、交叉酶切、RT-PCR结果均显示srtF突变体构建成功。突变株与强毒株的菌落形态、生长速率以及对小鼠的致病力均无显著性差异。小鼠竞争实验结果提示,突变株在心脏的定殖及感染能力显著减弱。成功构建的srtF突变株为进一步研究srtF的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Role of capsular sialic acid in virulence and resistance to phagocytosis of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2

Abstract Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 has a capsule rich in sialic acid (NANA). Sialic acid, known to be an antiphagocytic factor for many bacterial species, inhibits the activation of the alternative complement pathway. The role of capsular NANA in virulence, resistance to phagocytosis and intracellular survival of S. suis capsular type 2 was evaluated. In general, a low concentration of NANA was observed for all the S. suis strains tested. In addition, no difference could be found in NANA concentrations between strains of different virulence degrees. Sialic acid concentration increased in the virulent strain 89–1591 and the avirulent strain 90–1330 after in vivo growth with an increased capsular material thickness compared to growth in vitro. No significant difference could be found in the phagocytosis rate by porcine blood monocytes of either strain and strain 89–1591 treated with sialidase or the sialic acid-binding lectin from Sambucus nigra (SNA I). Intracellular survival of strain 89–1591 decreased after treatments with sialidase or lectin, becoming comparable to that of strain 90–1330. Finally, no difference could be seen in virulence using a murine model, even if strain 89–1591 was treated with the enzyme or the lectin. Thus, NANA does not seem to be a critical virulence factor for S. suis capsular type 2.     

2型猪链球菌SSU0448基因敲除突变株的构建及其毒力分析

【目的】 通过构建2型猪链球菌(SS2)强毒株05ZYH33的SSU0448基因缺失突变株Δ0448和互补株CΔ0448,探索SSU0448基因缺失对细菌基本生物学特性和细菌毒力的影响。【方法】用同源重组基因敲除方法构建筛选强毒株05ZYH33中N-乙酰半乳糖胺和半乳糖胺代谢途径相关转录调节因子SSU0448基因的缺失突变株,比较分析突变株Δ0448与野生株05ZYH33、互补株CΔ0448的基本生物学特性,小鼠毒力实验分析SSU0448基因缺失对细菌毒力的影响。【结果】PCR检测分析显示,SSU0448基因在转化重组体中被壮观霉素抗性基因所替代,表明基因敲除突变株构建成功;同时构建了基因功能互补株CΔ0448。生物学特性实验表明突变株Δ0448在成链能力上较野生株明显减弱,对数生长期稍短,快速到达平台期;而菌落形态、革兰氏染色和溶血活性方面无明显差异;小鼠毒力实验发现,突变株毒力并无显著改变。【结论】SSU0448基因的敲除能够改变2型猪链球菌的成链能力;不影响其侵袭致病能力,可能延缓2型猪链球菌的发病过程,此研究为2型猪链球菌致病感染奠定了基础。     

Proteome analysis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2

Outbreaks in humans, caused by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), were reported in 1998 and 2005 in China. However, the mechanism of SS2-associated infection remains unclear. For the first time, a 2-D gel approach combined with MS was used to establish a comprehensive 2-D reference map for aiding our understanding of the pathogenicity of SS2. The identification of 694 out of 834 processed spots revealed 373 proteins. Most of the identified proteins were located in the cytoplasm and were involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and cellular processes. Proteins that were abundant in the 2-DE gels could be linked mainly to housekeeping functions in carbohydrate metabolism, protein quality control and translation. 2-DE of secretory proteins was performed using IPG strips of pH 4-7. Among the 102 protein spots processed, 87 spots representing 77 proteins were successfully identified. Some virulence-associated proteins of SS2 were found, including arginine deiminase, ornithine carbamoyl-transferase, carbamate kinase, muramidase-released protein precursor, extracellular factor, and suilysin. Enolase and endopeptidase have been proposed as putative virulence-associated factors in this study. The 2-D reference map might provide a powerful tool for analyzing the virulence factor and the regulatory network involved in the pathogenicity of this microorganism.     

溶原性噬菌体在猪链球菌2型分离株中的检出和鉴定

[目的]为了研究噬菌体整合酶基因在猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)中的分布情况.[方法]根据噬菌体整合酶基因设计引物,建立了PCR方法,并对扩增产物进行测序.[结果]结果显示,25株SS2致病菌株均扩增出目的片段,非毒力株T15、5株其它血清型猪链球菌及兰氏C群猪源链球菌未扩增出目的片段.经丝裂霉素C诱导后,SS2致病菌株出现完全的细胞溶解,而非毒力株T15未出现溶解.SS2致病株HA9801和ZY05719诱导均产生溶原性噬菌体,分别命名为SS2-HA和SS2-ZY,电镜观察,二者均头部呈正六边形,无尾部,其核酸类型为dsDNA,可鉴定为复层噬菌体科(Tectiviridae)的成员.噬菌体SS2-HA和SS2-ZY整合酶基因序列与已报道的SS2噬菌体整合酶基因序列高度同源,显示SS2噬菌体整合酶具有较高的特异性.[结论]从SS2致病株中检出溶原性噬菌体和噬菌体整合酶基因,且噬菌体整合酶基因与SS2溶菌酶释放蛋白(mrp)等7种毒力相关基因有相关性,表明SS2的溶原性噬菌体可能与其致病性有关.     

猪链球菌2型Dbp缺失株的构建及特性分析

【目的】通过构建DNA结合膜蛋白(DNA-binding membrance protein,Dbp)基因的缺失株,探究Dbp基因对猪链球菌2型强毒株毒力的影响。【方法】通过PCR检测Dbp基因的分布。利用同源重组原理构建Dbp基因上下游片段的重组质粒,将构建好的质粒电转入ZY05719感受态细胞中,筛选Dbp缺失突变株,通过PCR及测序分析对其进行验证。生物学特性分析比较缺失株?Dbp和野毒株ZY05719在生长速率、形态特征、毒力等方面的差异。【结果】Dbp基因为猪链球菌2型强毒株中相对保守基因,构建了Dbp基因缺失株?Dbp。体外实验结果显示Dbp基因缺失株的生长速率在对数期减慢,并且缺失株?Dbp的荚膜同野毒株存在显著差异,斑马鱼实验结果表明缺失株?Dbp毒力下降。【结论】Dbp与猪链球菌2型的毒力相关,在猪链球菌2型的致病过程中起一定的作用,这丰富了对该菌致病机理的认识。     

猪链球菌2型溶血素的化学修饰

用DTT、H2O2、DEPC、EDC、NAI、NBS、PCMB、2,3Diacetyl和SA 等9种化学修饰剂,处理猪链球菌2型江苏分离株提纯的溶血素,研究其分子中氨基酸侧链基团与其溶血活性的关系。结果表明,巯基、氨基、羧基和酪氨酸残基等与其溶血活性无关,而色氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸的化学修饰引起溶血活性的大幅度下降,二硫键的化学修饰引起溶血活性的大幅度增强。显示色氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸残基是该溶血素的活性必需基团,二硫键的断裂可引起其活性增强。     

Identification of three novel in vivo-induced expressed antigens during infection with Streptococcus suis serotype 2

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is a porcine and human pathogen with adhesive and invasive properties. The shortage of studies on the pathogenesis mechanisms of SS2 has made it very difficult to control infection with this pathogen. Three novel in vivo -induced antigens were identified using serological proteome analysis of the SS2 cell wall-associated proteins – SecA, autolysin and ZnuA – the upregulation of which in vivo relative to in vitro was shown by real-time PCR analysis. The in vivo -induced expression of znuA was also confirmed by the fact that the purified recombinant ZnuA could be recognized not by hyperimmune sera but by convalescent sera. This is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first report using an immunoproteomic method to identify in vivo -induced antigens of SS2.     

高致病性2型猪链球菌plcR基因敲除株的构建及其相关生物学特性的研究

【目的】构建高致病性2型猪链球菌05ZYH33菌株plcR基因敲除株,通过比较突变株与野生株生物学特性的差异,研究plcR基因在2型猪链球菌致病过程中的作用。【方法】利用同源重组技术敲除plcR基因,多重交叉PCR及RT-PCR鉴定并测序验证。比较野生株与突变株基本生物学特性的差异,小鼠攻毒实验分析plcR基因缺失对细菌毒力的影响。【结果】经RT-PCR证实05SSU0241与05SSU0242共转录,通过多重交叉PCR及RT-PCR证实成功构建plcR基因缺失突变株,基本生物学特性显示突变株的生长速率、菌落形态、溶血活性均无显著改变,小鼠致病性试验结果显示,野生株攻毒的小鼠死亡率为70%,突变株攻毒的小鼠死亡率为40%,毒力较野生株显著降低。【结论】plcR基因作为2型猪链球菌有毒株基因组中特有的外源基因,在细菌致病过程中具有重要作用。