波叶花椒化学成分研究(Ⅰ)

我们曾对数种分布于我国的花椒属植物进行过较为详尽的化学成分研究[1～6],并讨论了花椒属中Zanthoxylum和Fagara 2个亚属可合并为广义的[ WTBX]Zanthoxylum的合理性[7].在进行化学成分研究过程中,我们发现其 中数个生物碱成分具有较强的抗菌、抗心律不齐等方面的生理活性.     

小花花椒化学成分研究

小花花椒(Zanthoxylum micranthum Hemsl.)系芸香科花椒属植物,主要分布于我国南部的云南、贵州、四川、湖北和湖南等省。我们在进行湖北省药用植物研究时,对此植物进行了化学成分的研究。由其根皮的乙醇提取物中分得三种化合物。经鉴定,晶Ⅰ为α-别隐品碱(α-allocryptopine);晶Ⅱ为花椒碱Ⅱ(FagarinⅡ);晶Ⅲ为     

刺异叶花椒的化学成分研究

从芸香科花椒属植物刺异叶花椒(Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum var. spinifolium)中分得五个已知的化合物,其中四个为生物碱:氧化勒(木党)碱(oxyavicine)(Ⅰ);铁屎米酮(canthin-6-one)(Ⅱ);乙氧基白屈菜红碱(ethoxychelerythrine)(Ⅲ);勒(木党)碱(avicine)(Ⅳ);另一化合物为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)(Ⅴ)。     

大叶臭椒的化学成分并论花椒属植物的化学分类

从芸香料花椒属植物大叶臭椒(Zanthoxyllum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook.f.)的茎皮中分离到12个化学成分,其中10个分别鉴定为1-细辛素(1-asarinin)、fargesin、1-syringaresinol、γ-山椒素(γ-sanshool)、羟基γ-山椒素(hydroxy γ-sanshool)、alatamide、dihydroalatamide、tembamide、两面针碱(nitidine)和isoarnottianamide。后者系首次从本属机物中分离得到。通过对在花椒属及其近缘类群化学成分的比较,结合生源途径,讨论了系统演化的一些问题。认为花椒属是芸香科的一个原始类群,支持广义的花椒属应包括花椒亚属Subgen.Zanthoxyllum和岩椒亚属Subgn.Fagara并认为前者较后者更显原始特性。     

单面针的生物碱研究

自芸香科(Rutaceae)花椒属植物单面针(Zanthoxylum nitidum var. fastuosum How ex Huang)的根皮中分得五种已知生物碱:乙氧基白屈菜红碱(ethoxychelerythrine)(Ⅰ);氯化光花椒碱(nitidine chloride)(Ⅱ);去甲基白屈菜红碱(des-N-methychelerythrine)(Ⅲ);α—别隐品碱(α-allocryptopine)(Ⅳ);鹅掌揪宁(liriodenine)(Ⅴ).     

花椒的化学成分及其药效学研究

目的:综述近年我国花椒属中药花椒和椒目等中化学成分及其药理学研究进展。方法:采用文献检索系统收集、分析、整理和总结,并提己见。结果:一是近年以花椒和椒目为主的花椒属中药和天然植物的化学成分及其药效学研究已有部分报道,并且已经受到医药研究界关注。二是花椒和椒目主要含挥发油、萜类(芳樟醇和柠檬烯为主)、氨基酸、矿物质和蛋白质等;而研究较为深入的挥发油中主要含28%-33%α-亚麻酸和29%-35%亚油酸。三是花椒和椒目的主要活性物质是挥发油中不饱和脂肪酸等,其主要药效作用是降血压和降血脂、抗菌、抗炎、抗溃疡、杀虫等。结论:以花椒和椒目为主的花椒属植物中所含不饱和脂肪酸类挥发油、蛋白质和矿物质等,对于人类心脑血管、皮肤病和感染性等疾病具有显著药用开发价值。     

竹叶椒抑制血小板活化因子（PAF）的活性成分

自芸香科花椒属植物竹叶椒（Zanthoxglum planispinum Sieb.et Zucc）根和茎的石油醚及二氯甲烷提取物中分离得到5个化合物（I～V）,经物理常数测定,光谱（UV,IR,HNMR,MS）分析分别鉴定,Ⅰ为β-香木脂醇,Ⅱ为β-谷甾醇,Ⅲ为L-细辛脂素,Ⅳ为L-竹叶椒脂素,V为花椒明碱。其中Ⅲ,IV,V具有抑制PAF聚集的活性,以Ⅳ活性最强,Ⅲ次之,V较弱。花椒明碱首次从该植物中分离得到。     

花椒的培育和管理

花椒(Zanthoxylum simulons Honce)是芸香科花椒属的植物,灌木或小乔木、叶互生、奇数羽状复叶,小叶对生7—21枚,无柄或几无柄,花序为圆锥花序,枝于长有粗刺,高可达3—7米,产我国黄河流域和长江流域,主要分布在我国中部和北部的河北、河南、山东、陕西、甘肃、江苏、浙江、湖北、四川、江西、福建等省。通常所培育的花椒,有大花椒、豆椒(亦名白椒)、     

硬毛夏枯草的新三萜——夏枯草酸

硬毛夏枯草(Prunella hispida Benth.)系唇形科夏枯草属植物。该植物具清肝,散结等功效,在民间广泛作为夏枯草的代用品,其化学成分未见报道。本文报道从大理州采集的硬毛夏枯草的乙醚提取物中分离到的四个化学成分:β-谷甾酸〔Ⅱ〕,白桦酯酸〔Ⅲ〕,熊果酸〔Ⅳ〕和夏枯草酸〔Ⅰ〕。经光谱分析和化学方法证明,〔Ⅰ〕的结构为1,2-2α-dihydroxy ursolic acid,系一新的三萜化合物。     

中国花椒属（广义）叶表皮特征初步研究

利用光镜和扫描电镜对国产花椒属Zanthoxylum s.1.40种(变种)植物的叶表皮形态特征进行了观察.结果发现:无规则型气孔器普遍存在于所有研究种类叶下表皮及个别种类叶上表皮;叶表皮细胞有规则多边形、不规则多边形2种形态;垂周壁式样有平直、浅波状和深波状3种类型.在扫描电镜下,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为平滑、浅波状或波状;气孔器附近的角质膜平坦或皱褶.表面光滑或具有各种纹饰.叶表皮形态特征研究结果表明崖椒亚属subgen.Fagara与花椒亚属subgen. Zanthoxylum之间存在有许多的共同点,它们共同组成广义花椒属.文中还对叶表皮特征在花椒属部分种类分类中的应用进行了讨论.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.