中国丝盖伞属茸盖亚属分类学研究

采用形态学和分子系统学方法,对我国丝盖伞属茸盖亚属Inocybe subgen.Mallocybe进行分类学研究。确认了该亚属3个分类群在中国的分布,并编制了分种检索表,其中包括1个中国新记录种:白锦丝盖伞Inocybe leucoloma Kühner。依据采集的材料对该种进行了形态学描述和绘图,并基于ITS+n LSU序列,采用贝叶斯法进行分析,讨论了我国该亚属物种与欧洲和北美近缘种之间的区别和联系。     

丝盖伞属丝盖伞亚属三个中国新记录种

在形态学研究和分子系统发育分析的基础上,本文报道了丝盖伞属丝盖伞亚属3个中国新记录种,分别为垂暮丝盖伞Inocybe appendiculata、薄囊丝盖伞I.leptocystis和华美丝盖伞I.splendens。根据国内采集的材料对此3种进行了描述和绘图。通过对馆藏标本的查阅给出了它们已知的国内地理分布。对丝盖伞亚属国内已证实有分布的28个分类群编制了分种检索表。     

采自吉林省的中国丝盖伞属新记录种

报道了采自吉林长白山的中国丝盖伞属丝盖伞亚属Inocybe subgen. Inocybe的3个新记录种：黄囊丝盖伞I.?muricellata、新卷毛丝盖伞I. neoflocculosa和灰白丝盖伞I. senkawaensis,并提供详尽的形态描述和线条图。研究标本存放于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆（HMJAU）。     

中国甘肃省狭义丝盖伞属二新种

依据形态学和分子系统学研究结果,描述了产自中国甘肃省的狭义丝盖伞属2个新种,即拟黄囊丝盖伞Inocybe muricellatoides和甘肃丝盖伞I. gansuensis。对新种的ITS、LSU和rpb2片段进行了测序和分析,并提供了详细描述、线条图、生态照片及与相似种的区别。拟黄囊丝盖伞以菌盖翘起的鳞片、菌柄纤维状、孢子光滑和厚壁的侧生囊状体为主要识别特征。甘肃丝盖伞具有粗壮的子实体、较大的孢子和厚壁侧生囊状体。基于LSU和rpb2联合数据的分子系统发育分析显示这两个新种隶属于狭义丝盖伞属且分别占据独特的分支。     

中国盔孢伞属的分类

根据采自全国20个省、自治区的盔孢伞属Galerina真菌标本整理、鉴定,确认出36种,其中包含28个已知种和8个中国新记录种。对中国新记录种褐柄盔孢伞G. badipes、帆孢盔孢伞G. calyptrata、迦佩盔孢伞G. jaapii、假拟提灯藓盔孢伞G. pseudomniophila、沼泽盔孢伞G. paludosa、泡孢盔孢伞G. physospora、萨列里盔孢伞G. sahleri和胫囊盔孢伞G. tibiicystis进行了详尽的形态学描述,提供了原生态照片和显微特征线条图以及分亚属、分种检索表。通过相关研究材料进行DNA提取,所得21条ITS序列与73条下载序列利用贝叶斯法及最大似然法构建系统发育树,验证鉴定结果的准确性。     

采自辽宁和内蒙古的中国丝盖伞属新记录种

丝盖伞属Inocybe是一个较大的属,目前对中国丝盖伞属真菌的种类和分布知之甚少。在中国丝盖伞科分类学研究过程中,发现采自东北的 3 个分类群尚未有文献记载,它们是褐鳞丝盖伞原变型I. cervicolor f. cervicolor、土味丝盖伞蓝紫变种I. geophylla var. violacea 和厚囊丝盖伞 I. pachypleura.根据中国的材料对此 3 种进行了详细描述,并提供了每个种的线条图和必要的讨论。     

中国粪锈伞科锥盖伞属和小鳞伞属的分类

锥盖伞属Conocybe和小鳞伞属Pholiotina界限不明确,在分类上存在混乱。本研究基于中国材料,明确该2属分类学特征,并探索属下等级划分:确认我国锥盖伞属37种,其中白色组sect. Candidae 3种;赭小皮伞组sect. Ochromarasmius 1种;具毛组sect. Pilosellae 10种,含3个中国新记录种,即毛柄锥盖伞Conocybe velutipes、条斑锥盖伞C. moseri和双孢锥盖伞C. bisporigera;锥盖伞组sect. Conocybe 17种,含2个中国新记录种,即刺毛锥盖伞C. echinata、短柄锥盖伞C. brachypodii;混杂组sect. Mixtae 6种。小鳞伞属18种,其中疣孢组sect. Verrucisporae 2种,其中糙孢小鳞伞Pholiotina dasypus为中国新记录;过渡组sect. Intermediae 2种;小鳞伞组sect. Pholiotina 6种;被外菌幕组sect. Vestitae 3种,齿缘小鳞伞Ph. serrata (T. Bau&J. Liu) T. ...     

中国丝盖伞属裂盖组的三个新种

丝盖伞属裂盖组Inocybe sect. Rimosae sensu lato是一个分类难度较大的类群,组内的一些种类被认为是复合种。分子系统发育分析表明该组并非单系群,该组成员隶属于丝盖伞科下的2个属级分支,Inosperma分支和Pseudosperma分支。本文结合形态学特征和分子序列分析,对我国丝盖伞属裂盖组进行了分类学研究,发现3个新种：长白丝盖伞Inocybe changbaiensis、新茶褐丝盖伞I. neoumbrinella和云南丝盖伞I. yunnanensis。长白丝盖伞和新茶褐丝盖伞产自中国东北,前者生于针阔混交林下,后者生于柳树林下;云南丝盖伞产自云南省昆明市,生于阔叶树下。基于LSU序列的系统发育分析结果显示,长白丝盖伞隶属于Inosperma分支,新茶褐丝盖伞和云南丝盖伞隶属于Pseudosperma分支。本文对此进行了形态描述和特征图示,并讨论了新种与近缘种之间的异同。编制了中国丝盖伞属裂盖组已知种类的分种检索表。     

Robust Markers Reflecting Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Rhizobia

Genomic ANI (Average Nucleotide Identity) has been found to be able to replace DNA-DNA hybridization in prokaryote taxonomy. The ANI of each of the core genes that has a phylogeny congruent with the reference species tree of rhizobia was compared to the genomic ANI. This allowed us to identify three housekeeping genes ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"SMc00019","term_id":"1174089704","term_text":"SMC00019"}}SMc00019-truA-thrA) whose ANI reflected the intraspecies and interspecies genomic ANI among rhizobial strains, revealing an ANI gap (≥2%) between the inter- and intra-species comparisons. The intraspecies (96%) and interspecies (94%) ANI boundaries calculated from three genes ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"SMc00019","term_id":"1174089704","term_text":"SMC00019"}}SMc00019-truA-thrA) provided a criterion for bacterial species definition and confirmed 621/629 of known interspecies relationships within Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium. Some widely studied strains should be renamed. The {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"SMc00019","term_id":"1174089704","term_text":"SMC00019"}}SMc00019-truA-thrA ANI also correlates well with the genomic ANI of strains in Agrobacterium, Methylobacterium, Ralstonia, Rhodopseudomonas, Cupriavidus and Burkholderia, suggesting their wide applicability in other bacteria.     

Taxonomy,ecology, and palaeobiogeography ofGervilleioperna (Gervilleiognoma) aurita n. subgen. n.sp. (Bivalvia) from the Middle Jurassic of northern Chile

A conspicuous, new species of the bivalve genusGervilleioperna occurs in coarse-grained bioclastic limestones and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments of nothern Chile between 27° and 29° 40′ S. It is assigned to the new subgenusGervilleiognoma [type species:Gervilleioperna (Gervilleiognoma) aurita n. sp.], which appears to be endemic to northern Chile. On the basis of associated ammonites, the stratigraphic distribution of the new species can be restricted to the Early Aaleman (Manflasensis Zone) and thus it is of biostratigraphic value. The reconstructed life habit was mainly semi-endobyssate, resting on the thickened umbonal and anterior parts of the lower valve; the slightly twisted plane of commissure is oriented in an oblique position with respect to the substrate surface. The palaeogeographic distribution of the genus is briefly discussed.     

广义竹叶青蛇属Trimeresurus (sensu lato)的分类和系统学研究进展

广义的竹叶青蛇属于Trimeresurus(sensu lato)包含有40多个物种,广泛分布在南亚和东南亚国家和地区。目前,该类群已经相继被划分为6个属：Trimeresurus(sensu stricto)、Tropidolaemus、Ovophis Protobothrops,Triceratolepidophis,Zhaoermia本文从形态、细胞以及分了系统学等方面对Trimeresurus(sensu lato)的分类和系统学研究进行综述。     

Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of early Miocene catarrhines from Sihong, China.

Paleontological investigations at sites in Sihong County, Jiangsu Province, China since 1981 have yielded a sizeable collection of previously undescribed fossil catarrhines from the Xiacaowan Formation. The associated vertebrate fauna indicates a late early Miocene age (correlating with MN 4, late Orleanian of Europe, approximately 17-18 Ma), which establishes the Sihong primates as the earliest known catarrhines from Eurasia. The fossil primates are assigned to two species: Dionysopithecus shuangouensis Li, 1978 and Platodontopithecus jianghuaiensis Gu & Lin, 1983. Although the new material from Sihong consists mainly of isolated teeth, it does provide important new information on the anatomy of Dionysopithecus and Platodontopithecus that helps to clarify their phylogenetic and taxonomic status. Previous studies have suggested that the Sihong catarrhines might be closely related to the proconsulids from the early Miocene of East Africa. However, with more extensive material available for comparison, the Sihong primates can now be shown to share a number of key derived features with pliopithecids. This new evidence helps to resolve a longstanding problem concerning the origins of the Pliopithecidae. It was previously considered that specialized pliopithecids migrated into Europe during MN 5, originating from an unknown antecedent and location in Africa. Recognition that the Sihong primates have affinities with pliopithecids, but are more primitive, suggests that the initial differentiation and diversification of the clade may have taken place in Asia rather than Africa. The earliest Eurasian catarrhines probably migrated into tropical Asia as part of a major faunal interchange with Africa that occurred during MN 3.     

CVTree3 Web Server for Whole-genome-based and Alignment-free Prokaryotic Phylogeny and Taxonomy

A faithful phylogeny and an objective taxonomy for prokaryotes should agree with each other and ultimately follow the genome data. With the number of sequenced genomes reaching tens of thousands, both tree inference and detailed comparison with taxonomy are great challenges. We now provide one solution in the latest Release 3.0 of the alignment-free and whole-genome-based web server CVTree3. The server resides in a cluster of 64 cores and is equipped with an interactive,collapsible, and expandable tree display. It is capable of comparing the tree branching order with prokaryotic classification at all taxonomic ranks from domains down to species and strains.CVTree3 allows for inquiry by taxon names and trial on lineage modifications. In addition, it reports a summary of monophyletic and non-monophyletic taxa at all ranks as well as produces print-quality subtree figures. After giving an overview of retrospective verification of the CVTree approach, the power of the new server is described for the mega-classification of prokaryotes and determination of taxonomic placement of some newly-sequenced genomes. A few discrepancies between CVTree and 16 S r RNA analyses are also summarized with regard to possible taxonomic revisions. CVTree3 is freely accessible to all users at http://tlife.fudan.edu.cn/cvtree3/ without login requirements.