Potential of wheat bran to promote indigenous microbial enhanced oil recovery

Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is an emerging oil extraction technology that utilizes microorganisms to facilitate recovery of crude oil in depleted petroleum reservoirs. In the present study, effects of wheat bran utilization were investigated on stimulation of indigenous MEOR. Biostimulation conditions were optimized with the response surface methodology. The co-application of wheat bran with KNO₃ and NH₄H₂PO₄ significantly promoted indigenous MEOR (IMEOR) and exhibited sequential aerobic (O-), facultative (A_n-) and anaerobic (A₀-) metabolic stages. The surface tension of fermented broth decreased by approximately 35%, and the crude oil was highly emulsified. Microbial community structure varied largely among and in different IMEOR metabolic stages. Pseudomonas sp., Citrobacter sp., and uncultured Burkholderia sp. dominated the O-, A_n- and early A₀-stages. Bacillus sp., Achromobacter sp., Rhizobiales sp., Alcaligenes sp. and Clostridium sp. dominated the later A₀-stage. This study illustrated occurrences of microbial community succession driven by wheat bran stimulation and its industrial potential.     

Chromosomes of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera): New results and conclusions

New data were obtained on the karyotypes of 12 parasitic wasp species of the family Ichneumonidae: Scambus detritus (2n = 28), S. vesicarius (2n = 28), Pimpla contemplator (2n = 36), Theronia atalantae (2n = 24), Stenomacrus sp. 2 (n = 18, 2n = 36), Phygadeuon sp. 3 (2n = 32), Ichneumon memorator (2n = 24), I. vorax (2n = 22), Lymantrichneumon disparis (2n = 26), Orthopelma mediator (n = 15, 2n = 30), Lissonota buccator (2n = 22), and Trichionotus flexorius (2n = 16). Chromosomes of Anomaloninae were studied for the first time. The data on the karyotype structure of the subfamily Orthopelmatinae were revised. Various aspects of chromosome variability in Ichneumonidae are discussed.     

Tetramethonium derivatives as reversible inhibitors of various cholinesterases

To study the effect of the onium atom nature on anticholinesterase efficiency, we tested elementorganic derivatives of tetramethylenbisonium compounds as reversible inhibitors of the following cholinesterases (ChE): acetyl-ChE from human erythrocytes, butyryl-ChE from horse serum, ChE from the brain of the grass frog Rana temporaria, ChEs from visual ganglia of the Pacific squid Todarodes pacificus, and ChE from visual ganglia of the commander squid Berryteuthis magister from different habitats in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Bisphosphonium inhibitors were found to be much stronger effectors than bisammonum compounds, although this may be due to a significantly increased size and hydrophobicity of their onium groups. Bisammonium organosilicon compound and its monoammonium analog were equally active as reversible ChE inhibitors in mammals. The first studied bis(phenyliodonium) derivative, which is characterized by a significantly increased hydrophobicity due to the introduction of fluorine atoms to the interonium tetramethylene chain, also exhibited a pronounced anticholinesterase effect on mammalian ChE.     

New data on chromosomes of parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae)

The new data on chromosomes of parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ichneumoninae: Centeterus major (2n = 22), Diadromus troglodytes (2n = 22), D. varicolor (2n = 22), Tycherus infimus (2n = 22), Cratichneumon rufifrons (2n = 26), Eristicus clarigator (2n =.26), and Ctenichneumon funereus (2n = 16) were obtained. Some aspects of the chromosomal variability of Ichneumoninae are discussed.     

Substrate–inhibitor specificity of cholinesterase and monoamine oxydase from optic ganglia of the pacific squid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Todarodes pacificus</Emphasis> and commander squid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Berryteuthis magister</Emphasis>

A comparative analysis of enzymological characteristics of cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxydase (MAO) from the optic ganglia was performed in the Pacific squid Todarodes pacificus and Commander squid Berryteuthis magister caught in their four habitats across the Pacific Northwest. A substrate–inhibitor analysis revealed a homogeneity of T. pacificus and B. magister ChE preparations as well as homogeneity of T. pacificus vs. heterogeneity of B. magister MAO preparations. In case of thiocholine derivatives, the rate of hydrolysis induced by T. pacificus ChE was practically independent of the structure of the acyl group, whereas in case of B. magister ChE it was found to decrease in this substrate series. It is only T. pacificus MAO that was found to be able to deaminate also a diaminooxydase substrate histamine. ChE activity was higher in T. pacificus than in B. magister for the whole substrate series, while for MAO the same activity pattern was observed for tyramine, tryptamine and serotonin. In both squids, the sensitivity of ChE to organophosphorus inhibitors containing the dimethylbutyl group was by several orders of magnitude higher than that in mammals. The sensitivity of ChE to the siloxane reversible inhibitors was lower in T. pacificus ChE and much lower in B. magister than in mammals.     

DNA sequence-specific ligands: XV. Synthesis and spectral characteristics of a new series of dimeric bisbenzimidazoles DB(1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12)

Seven fluorescent symmetric dimeric bisbenzimidazoles DB(n) capable of occupying up to one turn of the double-stranded B-form DNA have been designed and synthesized with the aim to develop DNAdependent enzyme inhibitors. The DB(n) compounds contain four 2,6-substituted benzimidazole fragments and differ by the length of the oligomethylene linker (n = 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12) between the bisbenzimidazole blocks. The formation of DB(n)–double-stranded DNA complexes and the localization of the ligands in the DNA minor groove have been confirmed by a number of physicochemical methods.     

Occurrence and distribution of multiple antibiotic-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Enterococcus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus</Emphasis> spp. from Indian poultry: in vivo transferability of their erythromycin,tetracycline and vancomycin resistance

The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistant (AR) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Indian poultry. LAB from poultry farm feces (n = 21) and samples from slaughter houses comprising chicken intestine (n = 46), raw meat (n = 23), and sanitary water (n = 4) were evaluated and compared with those from organic chicken (OC) collected from nearby villages. Screening studies showed 5–7 log units higher erythromycin (ER), tetracycline (TC) and vancomycin (VAN) resistant LAB from conventional poultry chicken (CC) compared to OC. Molecular characterization of isolated cultures (n = 32) with repetitive-PCR profiling and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed their taxonomical status as Enterococcus faecium (n = 16), Enterococcus durans (n = 2), Lactobacillus plantarum (n = 10), Lactobacillus pentosus (n = 1) and Lactobacillus salivarius (n = 3). The isolates were found to harbor erm(B), msr(C), msr(A/B), tet(M), tet(L) and tet(K) genes associated with Tn916 and Tn917 family transposons. Expression studies through real-time PCR revealed antibiotic-induced expression of the identified AR genes. In vitro and in vivo conjugational studies revealed transfer of ER and TC resistant (ER^R and TC^R) genes with transfer frequencies of 10^?7 and 10^?4 transconjugants recipient^?1, respectively. Although no known VAN resistance (VAN^R) genes were detected, high phenotypic resistance was observed and was transferable to the recipient. From a public health point of view, this study reports Indian poultry as a major source of high levels of AR bacteria contaminating the food chain and the environment. Thus, urgent and determined strategies are needed to control the spread of multiple AR bacteria.     

First study on characterization of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in verotoxigenic and enterotoxigenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>. <Emphasis Type="Italic">coli</Emphasis> isolated from raw milk and unpasteurized traditional cheeses in Romania

The study focused on the incidence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) in raw milk and traditional dairy cheeses marketed in Romania, characterizing the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes of these isolates. One hundred and twenty samples of raw milk and 80 samples of unpasteurized telemy cheese were collected and cultured according to the international standard protocol. All the characteristic E. coli cultures were analyzed for the presence of STa, STb, LT, stx1, and stx2 toxicity genes. The ETEC/VTEC strains were tested for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes, such as aadA1, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG, dfrA1, qnrA, aaC, sul1, bla _SHV , bla _CMY , bla _TEM , and ere(A), using PCR. The results showed that 27 samples (18.62%) were positive for one of the virulence genes investigated. 48.1% (n = 13) tested positive at the genes encoding for tetracycline resistance, tetA being the most prevalent one (61.5%; n = 8). A high percent (33.3%; n = 9) revealed the beta-lactamase (bla _TEM ) resistance gene, and none of the samples tested positive for bla _CMY and bla _SHV genes. The genes responsible for resistance to sulfonamides (sul1) and trimethoprim (dfrA1) were detected in rates of 14.8% (n = 4) and 7.4% (n = 2), respectively. E. coli is highly prevalent in raw milk and unpasteurized cheeses marketed in Romania. These strains might represent an important reservoir of resistance genes which can easily spread into other European countries, given the unique market.     

Evidences and magnitude of nighttime transpiration derived from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus euphratica</Emphasis> in the extreme arid region of China

Extensive research has found that nighttime transpiration (E _n) is positively correlated to the vapour pressure deficit (VPD), that suggested E _n was highest during the night under high temperatures and low humidity along with high soil water availability, typically for the riparian forest in the extreme arid region of China. This study used the heat ratio method to measure sap velocity (V _s) for mature and saplings Populus euphratica Oliv., and then E _n was conservatively calculated as total nocturnal sap flow (F _s, the product of V _s and sapwood area A _s) between 01:00 to 06:00. A gas exchange system was used to measure the leaf transpiration rate (T _r) and stomatal conductance (g _s) of saplings. For mature trees, nighttime V _s was extensive and logarithmic correlated to VPD (similar to daytime). For saplings, g _s and T _r was extensive in different months, and also a strong logarithmic relationship was found between V _s and VPD for both daytime and nighttime periods. Both of stem sap flow and leaf gas exchange suggusted the occurrence of E _n, whether mature or sapling trees. E _n contribution to daily transpiration (E _d) was high just as expected for P. euphratica, which was confirmed by proportional E _n to E _d (E _n/E _d) means taken in 2012 (24.99%) and 2013 (34.08%). Compared to mature trees, E _n/E _d of saplings in 2013 was lower with means of 12.06%, that supported further by the shorter duration times and less T _r,n (16.64%) and g _s,n (26.45%) of leaf, suggesting that E _n magnitude is associated to individual the tree size, that effect to stored water of individual trees, although this hypothesis requires further research.     

Antarctic red macroalgae: a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids

The n-3 and n-6 series of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important for numerous metabolic functions that reduce the risk of inflammation, cancer, and heart diseases. These fatty acids (FAs) have been detected in high concentrations in some species of algae. The amount of the n-3 and n-6 PUFAs is closely associated with abiotic factors, such as solar radiation intensity, salinity, and temperature variation. However, abiotic influence on PUFA levels, along with the physiological function of these molecules in algae, remains inconclusive. In the present study, the quantities of the n-3 and n-6 in Antarctic red algae species Iridaea cordata, Palmaria decipiens, Plocamium cartilagineum, and Pyropia endiviifolia were determined. The lipids were extracted from the macroalgae according to the method followed by Bligh and Dyer (1959) and converted to methyl esters for further analysis using gas chromatography. The main n-6 PUFA identified and quantified in this study of Antarctic red algae were linoleic acid (18:2n-6), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6), and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). The eicosapentaenoic acid was detected at high concentrations in all species, with approximately 62.8% of total FA in P. endiviifolia, 75.4% in P. decipiens, 50.4% in I. cordata, and 20.1% in P. cartilagineum. The results corroborate those of the literature and show that PUFAs increased in red algae environments, with increased production of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs.     

Physicochemical Basis of RecA Filamentation on Single-Stranded DNA

Quantitative analysis was performed for the first time for the interaction of Escherichia coli RecA, which plays the central role in homologous recombination, and ssDNA varying in length and structure. DNA recognition was shown to depend on weak additive interactions between RecA monomers of the filament and various structural elements of DNA. Orthophosphate and dNMPs acted as minimal inhibitors of RecA filamentation on d(pN)₂₀. A stepwise increase in homooligonucleotide length by one nucleotide (from 2 to 20 nt) monotonically increased the affinity approximately twofold (factor f) due to weak additive contacts of RecA with each internucleoside phosphate (f ≈ 1.56) and specific interactions with T and C (f ≈ 1.32). In the case of d(pA) _n , the RecA filament showed virtually no interaction with bases and interacted more efficiently with internucleoside phosphates of the first than of the next helix turn (n < 10, f ≈ 2.1 vs. n > 10, f ≈ 1.3). The affinity of RecA for d(pN) _n and various modified bases proved to depend on the base, the DNA structure, and the conformation of the sugar-phosphate backbone. The affinity considerably increased with bases containing exocyclic proton-accepting groups. Possible causes of the preferential binding of RecA with DNAs of a particular length and composition are considered. Mechanisms are proposed for ssDNA recognition by RecA and for homologous strand exchange.     

Use of foreign genetic variability to improve the quality of wheat grain

Foreign genetic variability, which is represented by different wild-growing relatives of wheat such as Ae. umbellulata (UU, 2n = 14), Ae. cylindrica (CCDD, 2n = 28), Ae. tauschii (DD, 2n = 14), Ae. ventricosa (DDUnUn, 2n = 28), Ae. variabilis (UUSS, 2n = 28), and T. palmovae (AADD, 2n = 28) is used in interspecies crossings with the wheat cultivar T. aestivum for the purpose of transferring exotic Gli/Glu alleles into the genome of the crop. As a result, a series of new exotic Gli/Glu alleles is introgressed into the genome of wheat cultivar. An essential negative as well as positive influence of the wild exotic alleles on the baking quality indicators of the flour and the consistency of the wheat endosperm is discovered in the course of the study. The new genetic material with the improved grain quality indicators is recommended for use in wheat selection.     

Karyotypic study of five Lutjanid species using conventional and Ag-NORs banding techniques

The first cytogenetic comparisons of five snapper species from Thailand were presented here. Renal cell samples were taken from blacktail snapper (Lutjanus fulvus), five lined snapper (L. quinquelineatus), dory snapper (L. fulviflamma), brownstripe red snapper (L. vitta), and mangrove red snapper (L. argentimaculatus). The mitotic chromosome preparation was prepared directly from kidney cells. Conventional staining and Ag-NOR banding techniques were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results exhibited that all five snapper species have the diploid chromosome numbers of 2n = 48 and the fundamental numbers (NF) of 48. The presences of large, medium, and small telocentric chromosomes were 22-24-2, 24-20-4, 36-10-2, 28-16-4 and 36-10-2, respectively. The Ag- NORs banding technique provides the pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) at subcentromeric region of the long arm of the respective telocentric chromosome pairs 9, 1, 3, 4 and 9. Their karyotype formulas is as follows: L. fulvus (2n = 48): L ₂₂ ^t + M ₂₄ ^t + S ₂ ^t , L. quinquelineatus (2n = 48): L ₂₄ ^t + M ₂₀ ^t + S ₄ ^t , L. fulviflamma (2n = 48): Lt36 + Mt10 + St2, L. vitta (2n = 48): L ₂₈ ^t + M ₁₆ ^t + S ₄ ^t , and L. argentimaculatus (2n = 48): L ₃₆ ^t + M ₁₀ ^t + S ₂ ^t .     

The use of molecular genetic methods for prognosis of aerobic and anaerobic performance in athletes

The distribution of genotypes and alleles of ACE (I/D polymorphism), ACTN3 (R577X), NOS3 (5/4), UCP2 (Ala55Val), and UCP3 (-55C/T) genes, as well as the correlation between the genotype and physiological parameters, was studied in rowers (n = 230) and in a control group (n = 855). The genotypes were determined by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphism. Physiological parameters were determined with a PM 3 rowing ergometer and a MetaMax 3B gas analyzer. The frequency of the ACE II genotype was significantly higher in elite rowers (n = 107) than in the control subjects. The frequency of the ACTN3 XX genotype, unfavorable for development of speed and strength qualities, was twofold lower in all rowers than in the control subjects. The frequencies of the ACE I, ACTN3 R, UCP2 Val, and UCP3 T alleles increased in the athletes along with an increase in skill, which suggested natural sports selection. In addition, ACE I, NOS3 5, UCP2 Val, and UCP3 T alleles correlated with a high aerobic performance. Thus, the ACE I, NOS3 5, UCP2 Val, and UCP3 T alleles may be regarded as genetic markers associated with enhanced aerobic performance and may be included in a diagnostic system for prognosis of human physical performance.     

Reexamination of structures,stabilities, and electronic properties of holmium-doped silicon clusters HoSi<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Subscript> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> = 12–20)

The total energies, growth patterns, equilibrium geometries, relative stabilities, hardnesses, intramolecular charge transfer, and magnetic moments of HoSi _n (n?=?12–20) clusters have been reexamined theoretically using two different density functional schemes in combination with relativistic small-core Stuttgart effective core potentials (ECP28MWB) for the Ho atoms. The results show that when n?=?12–15, the most stable structures are predicted to be exohedral frameworks with a quartet ground state, but when n?=?16–20, they are predicted to be endohedral frameworks with a sextuplet ground state. These trend in stability across the clusters (gauged from their dissociation energies) was found to be approximately the same regardless of the DFT scheme used in the calculations, with HoSi₁₃, HoSi₁₆, HoSi₁₈, and HoSi₂₀ calculated to be more stable than the other clusters. The results obtained for cluster hardness indicated that doping the Ho atom into Si₁₃ and Si₁₆ leads to the most stable HoSi _n clusters, while doping Ho into the other Si _n clusters increases the photochemical sensitivity of the cluster. Analyses of intracluster charge transfer and magnetic moments revealed that charge always shifts from the Ho atom to the Si _n cluster during the creation of exohedral HoSi _n (n?=?12–15) structures. However, the direction of charge transfer is reversed during the creation of endohedral HoSi _n (n?=?16–20) structures, which implies that Ho acts as an electron acceptor when it is encapsulated in the Si _n cage. Furthermore, when the most stable exohedral HoSi _n (n?=?12–15) structures are generated, the 4f electrons of Ho are virtually unchanged and barely participate in intracluster bonding. However, in the most stable endohedral HoSi _n (n?=?16–20) frameworks, a 4f electron does participate in bonding. It does this by transferring to the 5d orbital, which hybridizes with the 6s and 6p orbitals and then interacts with Si valence sp orbitals. Meanwhile, the total magnetic moments of the HoSi _n (n?=?16–20) clusters are considerably higher than those of HoSi _n (n?=?12–15). Interestingly, the endohedral HoSi₁₆ and HoSi₂₀ clusters can be viewed as the most suitable building blocks for novel high-density magnetic storage nanomaterials and for novel optical and optoelectronic photosensitive nanomaterials, respectively.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Agaricus bisporus</Emphasis> supplementation reduces high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and fatty liver development

Obesity is a global epidemic characterized not only by excessive fat deposition but also by important complications such as nonalcoholic liver steatosis. Beneficial antiobesogenic effects have been described for some mushrooms. The current study aimed to demonstrate the protective effect of Agaricus bisporus (AB) supplementation against the metabolic alterations induced by high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed for 10 weeks with one of the following diets: (1) control diet (n?=?7), (2) HFD (n?=?7), (3) HFD supplemented with 5% AB (n?=?9), and (4) HFD supplemented with 10% AB (n?=?9). A pair-fed group was also included for the 10% AB group (n?=?6). The impact of AB supplementation on food intake, body weight gain, and liver and fat pad weights was examined. Biochemical, histological, and molecular parameters were also analyzed. Dietary supplementation with 10% AB reduced the HFD-induced increase in body, epididymal, and mesenteric fat weights (p?<?0.01, p?<?0.05, and p?<?0.05, respectively). Supplementation with AB also reduced liver damage in a dose-dependent manner (p?<?0.01 and p?<?0.001). This effect was confirmed by histological analysis that showed that liver steatosis was markedly reduced in mice fed with AB. The beneficial properties of 10% AB supplementation appear to be mediated through a decrease in food intake and via stimulation of mesenteric and hepatic free-fatty acid beta-oxidation, along with a decrease in epidydimal and hepatic expression of CD36. In conclusion, supplementation with AB prevents excessive body weight gain and liver steatosis induced by HFD consumption.     

Differentiation of the pollen size in five representatives of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Taraxacum</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Palustria</Emphasis>

Measurements of the pollen size in 5 species of Taraxacum sect. Palustria at three levels of ploidy: 2n = 3x = 24 (T. paucilobum), 2n = 4x = 32 (T. vindobonense, T. trilobifolium), 2n = 5x = 40 (T. mendax) and one taxon of unknown number of chromosomes 2n = ? (T. portentosum) are presented in this paper. Obtained results indicate a lack of distinct positive correlation between the pollen size and ploidy in the studied group of plants. Distinct relationship was, however, found between ploidy and the range of pollen size and shape variability. Most variable were the pollen grains of triploid T. paucilobum and the least — those in pentaploid T. mendax. Ranges of pollen variability in tetraploid T. trilobifolium and T. vindobonense and in T. portentosum of unknown number of chromosomes showed intermediate values.     

Probing structure,thermochemistry, electron affinity,and magnetic moment of thulium-doped silicon clusters TmSi<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Subscript> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> = 3–10) and their anions with density functional theory

The most stable structures and electronic properties of TmSi _n (n?=?3–10) clusters and their anions have been probed by using the ABCluster global search technique combined with the PBE, TPSSh, and B3LYP density functional methods. The results revealed that the most stable structures of neutral TmSi _n and their anions can be regarded as substituting a Si atom of the ground state structure of Si _n?+?1 with a Tm atom. The reliable AEAs, VDEs and simulated PES of TmSi _n (n?=?3–10) are presented. Calculations of HOMO-LUMO gap revealed that introducing Tm atom to Si cluster can improve photochemical reactivity of the cluster. The NPA analyses indicated that the 4f electron of Tm atom in TmSi _n (n?=?3–10) and their anions do not participate in bonding. The total magnetic moments of TmSi _n are mainly provided by the 4f electrons of Tm atom. The dissociation energy of Tm atom from the most stable structure of TmSi _n and their anions has been calculated to examine relative stability.     

Revision of Jaegeria (Compositae-Heliantheae)

The genusJaegeria consists of a diploid-polyploid complex of eight species found in moist habitats from Mexico to South America. The distributions, habitats, generic affinities, and tribal placement are discussed. Chromosome numbers were determined for all species exceptJ. axillaris, which is known only from Colombia.J. glabra andJ. pedunculata are diploid (2n = 18) ;J. hirta, J. macrocephala, J. gracilis, andJ. crassa are tetraploid (2n = 36) ;J. bellidiflora is octoploid (2n = 72). One Galápagos Island endemic,J. gracilis, is quite similar to the common mainland species,J. hirta, but the other endemic,J. crassa, is quite distinct from any other species.J. bellidijlora is most similar morphologically toJ. glabra;J. macrocephala is allied toJ. pedunculata. J. axillaris is somewhat distinct from the other species.     

Effect of cuticular waxes compounds from table grapes on growth,germination and gene expression in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Botrytis cinerea</Emphasis>

Botrytis cinerea attacks a broad range of host causing significant economic losses in the worldwide fruit export industry. Hitherto, many studies have focused on the penetration mechanisms used by this phytopathogen, but little is known about the early stages of infection, especially those such as adhesion and germination. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of cuticular waxes compounds from table grapes on growth, germination and gene expression of B. cinerea. To accomplish this, growth was analyzed using as substrate n-alkanes extracted from waxes of fresh fruit (table grapes, blueberries and apricots). Subsequently, the main compounds of table grape waxes, oleanolic acid (OA) and n-fatty alcohols, were mixed to generate a matrix on which conidia of B. cinerea were added to assess their effect on germination and expression of bctub, bchtr and bchex genes. B. cinerea B05.10, isolated from grapes, increased its growth on a matrix composed by table grapes n-alkanes in comparison to a matrix made with n-alkanes from apricot or blueberries. Moreover, at 2.5 h, B05.10 germination increased 17 and 33 % in presence of n-alkanes from table grape, in comparison to conditions without alkanes or with blueberries alkanes, respectively. Finally, expression of bchtr and bchex showed a significant increase during the first hour after contact with n-fatty alcohols and OA. In conclusion, B. cinerea displays selectivity towards certain compounds found in host waxes, mainly n-fatty alcohols, which could be a good candidate to control this phytopathogen in early stages of infection.