共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
【背景】出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)是在生活史中有酵母状细胞生长阶段,并合成黑色素的一种黑酵母(Black yeast),具有典型的细胞多形性,可分化形成酵母状细胞(Yeast-like cell,YL)、膨大细胞(Swollen cell,SC)、厚垣孢子(Chlamydospore,CH)、菌丝(Hyphae,HY)、念珠状菌丝(Monilioid hyphae,MH)、有隔膜膨大细胞(Septate swollen cell,SSC)、分生组织状结构(Meristematic structure,MS),其中膨大细胞既可以作为生长的细胞类型,也可分化为其他的细胞类型。出芽短梗霉的形态分化是可调控的,调控因子有pH、温度、营养条件等。【目的】探究不同的氧气浓度、温度、盐浓度、营养水平对出芽短梗霉细胞形态的影响。【方法】利用显微镜、美兰染色等技术观察不同条件对出芽短梗霉细胞形态的影响。【结果】在完全无氧的试管底部菌体不能生长;在高层半固体表层(高氧气浓度),酵母状细胞(YL)在营养丰富的生长初期出芽繁殖,在养分匮乏的培养后期诱导酵母状细胞(YL)经过膨大细胞(SC)形成厚垣孢子(CH)并合成黑色素;在营养丰富的生长初期,半固体试管浅表层和中间层(微好氧)低浓度氧气诱导YL经过SC形成HY侵入性生长。养分差异对菌体细胞多形性分化影响显著,环境适宜养分丰富(Yeast extract peptone dextrose medium,YPD),以YL生长,不需要分化成HY;环境适宜养分不丰富(Potato dextrose agar,PDA),分化成SC或HY以适应或逃离环境;环境不适宜养分匮乏时(Malt extract agar,MEA),SC或HY分化成CH或MH进入休眠阶段。10%NaCl胁迫降低菌体生长速度,抑制色素合成、HY和MH的形成,并且细胞主要以YL生长繁殖。在相同质量浓度(10%)的KCl或Na2SO4渗透胁迫条件下,细胞多形性表型均为YL发达,HY及MH被抑制,说明高渗胁迫阻止了酵母状细胞向菌丝和厚垣孢子的分化。温度实验中,SC比YL耐高温,MS比SC耐高温。【结论】营养状态对出芽短梗霉细胞分化影响最大。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
本研究运用Percoll密度梯度离心的方法对出芽短梗霉Aureobasidium pullulans的两种细胞形态进行分选,并对两种形态的细胞进行多糖产量的分析。通过对转速、分选时间、Percoll分离液浓度的优化,确定了两种细胞形态分选效果最佳的条件是Percoll分离液浓度为60%、转速为5 000r/min、离心时间为30min。经过光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察发现上层为酵母状细胞(YL)、下层为膨大细胞(SC),并发现膨大细胞外有明显的薄膜包被,且产大量多糖。也为今后在相应状态下研究出芽短梗霉膨大细胞的其他代谢机理提供了可行的方法,满足后续研究的需要。 相似文献
7.
8.
^60Coγ射线对不同细胞形态出芽短梗霉的辐射诱变效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
使用^60Coγ射线辐照诱变的方法处理出芽短梗霉AureobasidiumpullulansAP92菌株的原生质体,菌丝体片段,分生孢子悬液,经初筛,复筛与对突变株的遗传稳定性研究,发现采用原生质体进行诱变,所获突变株的正突变率,单株产多糖的提高幅度,正突变株的产多糖遗传稳定性均明显高于菌丝体与分生孢子,比较出发菌株AP92与经原生质体诱变获得的正突变株A81的性能,有如下明显改善,产多糖能力从1 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
Protoplasts of Aureobasidium pullulans, formed by treating normal blastospores with polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes, synthesized glycans when incubated in shallow culture. The polysaccharides formed a loose, thick coating on the cells. The glycans that were formed are similar to the glycans in normal cell walls; however, they lack the branching that is normally found. This result is consistent with the findings of others who have studied the cell wall composition of reverting yeast protoplasts. 相似文献
12.
Influence of pH on the transition from yeast-like cells to chlamydospores in Aureobasidium pullulans
When A. pullulans is grown on a glucose medium with a limiting nitrogen source and low buffer capacity, the yeast-like cells that are originally present undergo a transition to chlamydospores. The initial pH must be around 6 for the transition to take place under optimal conditions. On the above-mentioned medium pH decreases to values below 2 in the first two days; if this decrease is prevented, either by buffering the medium or by repeatedly adjusting the pH to its original value no chlamydospores form. 相似文献
13.
Ji-Hyun Lee Jeong-Hwa Kim Il-Hui Zhu Xiao-Bei Zhan Jin-Woo Lee Dong-Hoon Shin Sung-Koo Kim 《Biotechnology letters》2001,23(10):817-820
Aureobasidium pullulans had a maximum yield coefficient of pullulan (Y
p/s=0.24) with an initial pH of the culture broth of 6.5 in a shake-flask culture. In a batch culture, the maximum pullulan yield coefficient of 0.30 was obtained at the aeration rate of 0.5 vvm. A yeast-like form and mycelial form of cells were found at the culture broth with pH controlled at 4.5 with a maximum yield coefficient of pullulan of 0.27. However, a high portion (35%) of high molecular weight pullulan (M
w>2 000 000) was produced at pH 6.5 with a yeast-like morphology of the cells. 相似文献
14.
15.
A xylanolytic yeast strain Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL Y 2311-1, was found to produce all enzymes required for complete degradation of galactomannan and galactoglucomannan.
The enzymes differed in function and cellular localization: endo-β-1,4-mannanase was secreted into the culture fluid, β-mannosidase
was strictly intracellular, and α-galactosidase and β-glucosidase were found both extracellularly and intracellularly. Among
these enzyme components, only extracellular β-mannanase and intracellular β-mannosidase were inducible. The production of
β-mannanase and β-mannosidase was 10- to 100-fold higher in galactomannan medium than in medium with one of the other carbon
sources. β-mannanase and β-mannosidase were coinduced in glucose-grown cells by galactomannan, galactoglucomannan, and β-1,4-manno-oligosaccharides.
The natural inducer of extracellular β-mannanase and intracellular β-mannosidase appeared to be β-1,4-mannobiose. Synthesis
of both enzymes was completely repressed by glucose, mannose, or galactose. The synthetic glycoside methyl β-d-mannopyranoside served as a nonmetabolizable inducer of both β-mannosidase and β-mannanase.
Received: 24 June 1996 / Accepted: 26 September 1996 相似文献
16.
Kazuhisa Ono Yoshiki Kawahara Seinosuke Ueda 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(12):2313-2317
When Aureobasidium pullulans was cultivated with initial pH 6.0 and pH 2.5 in shaking flasks, only a slight difference was observed in the content of lipids in cells. On the other hand, when cultured with initial pH 2.5 in a jar fermenter, the content of lipids in mycelia was larger than that with initial pH 6.0. The content of sugars in the lipids showed a similar tendency. Glucolipids were easily hydrolyzed with dilute acid into glucose, glucooligo- saccharide and lipids. 相似文献
17.
The optimum pH conditions of Pb2+ accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aureobasidium pullulans were 4~5 and 6~7, respectively. The initial Pb2+ accumulation rates according to the increase of initial Pb2+ concentration and pH were increased both in S. cerevisie and A. pullulans. And the initial Pb2+ accumulation rate of A. pullulans was much higher than that of S. cerevisiae because of the difference of Pb2+ accumulation mechanism. The Pb2+ accumulation isotherm of S. cerevisae obeyed a fully competitive inhibition, whereas that of A. pullulans showed a mixed inhibition of competition and non-competition associated with the proton (H+) as an accumulation inhibitor. 相似文献
18.
Aureobasidium pullulans produced extracellularly considerable amounts of polyols in the media with sucrose, glucose, fructose and mannose as sole carbon source during the late exponential and stationary phase of growth. The maximum yield of polyol was about 23% in the 20%(w/v) sucrose medium, of which mannitol was the main polyol associated with minute quantities of glycerol. Stress solutes such as NaCl and KCl did not promote polyol production. 相似文献
19.
Jin W. Lee Walter G. Yeomans Alfred L. Allen Fang Deng Richard A. Gross David L. Kaplan 《Applied microbiology》1999,65(12):5265-5271
Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 42023 was cultured under aerobic conditions with glucose, mannose, and glucose analogs as energy sources. The exopolymer extracts produced under these conditions were composed of glucose and mannose. The molar ratio of glucose to mannose in the exopolymer extract and the molecular weight of the exopolymer varied depending on the energy source and culture time. The glucose content of exopolymer extracts formed with glucose and mannose as the carbon sources was between 91 and 87%. The molecular weight decreased from 3.5 × 106 to 2.12 × 106 to 0.85 × 106 to 0.77 × 106 with culture time. As the culture time increased, the glucose content of the exopolymer extract formed with glucosamine decreased from 55 ± 3 to 29 ± 2 mol%, and the molecular weight increased from 2.73 × 106 to 4.86 × 106. There was no evidence that glucosamine was directly incorporated into exopolymers. The molar ratios of glucose to mannose in exopolymer extracts ranged from 87 ± 3:13 ± 3 to 28 ± 2:72 ± 2 and were affected by the energy source added. On the basis of the results of an enzyme hydrolysis analysis of the exopolymer extracts and the compositional changes observed, mannose (a repeating unit) was substituted for glucose, which gave rise to a new family of exopolymer analogs. 相似文献
20.