首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 52 毫秒
1.
东海区大型水母数量分布特征及其与温盐度的关系   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26       下载免费PDF全文
以 2 0 0 4年 4月和 6月东海区中北部海域大型水母的监测调查结果为依据 ,分析了东海区大型水母的主要种类组成、数量分布及其与温度、盐度环境的关系、以及主要种类间的个体生长差异。结果表明 :4月大型水母的优势种类多管水母约占 75 %、霞水母约占 15 %和沙水母约占 5 % ;6月大型水母的优势种类沙海蜇约占 6 0 %、多管水母约占 2 0 %和霞水母约占 10 %。其中沙海蜇和霞水母为往年东海区大量暴发的种类。沙海蜇为低温高盐种 ,适温范围为 12~ 17℃ ,主要分布于黄海冷水团伸向东海舌锋的锋面以北海域 ,密集分布区最高网产为 10 0 0 0 kg/ h左右 ;霞水母为暖水高盐种 ,适温范围为 2 0~ 2 5℃ ,主要密集分布于东海北部的暖水控制海域。黄海冷水团势力强弱可作为判别沙海蜇暴发程度的一个重要参考因子。东海区大型水母主要优势种的生长速度以沙海蜇最快 ,其次为霞水母 ,而多管水母相对较慢 ,且个体偏小  相似文献   

2.
大型水母迁移规律和灾害监测预警技术研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
吴玲娟  高松  白涛 《生态学报》2016,36(10):3103-3107
20世纪80年代以来,全球大型水母灾害发生频率与成灾种类不断增加,已严重影响了近海海洋渔业、沿海工业、滨海旅游业和海洋生态系统,已引起了各国政府高度重视,并且越来越多海洋工作者投身水母迁移等科学研究和监测预警工作中。回顾近年来国内外学者对水母漂移聚集和溯源等迁移规律的研究进展以及水母灾害监测预警工作现状。水母研究为预测预警工作服务,应侧重于开展系统的水母海上和室内试验,建立业务化立体监测体系;加强水母漂移聚集机理研究,建立更完善的水母预警模式。  相似文献   

3.
采用快捷、直接、经济的渔业声学调查方法,结合GIS模型对温州楠溪江4个主要渔业作业区域的鱼类空间分布及资源量进行了评估。结果表明,4个区域的鱼类平均目标强度为(-55.03±5.44)dB,平均体长约为7cm,范围3—10cm,各区域的鱼类大小没有显著的统计学差异(P0.05)。同时4个区域的鱼类平均密度为8.87ind./1000m3,95%置信区间为1.66—16.09ind./1000m3。其中区域Ⅲ的鱼类密度最高,平均密度为(20.06±9.34)ind./1000m3。通过鱼类分布的GIS图形得知,鱼类的空间分布呈现斑块状的分布形式。按照ArcGIS对鱼类密度进行的栅格化数据,并结合各个栅格所代表的水体体积,进行鱼类资源量的估算,结果为4个探测区域的鱼类总尾数为2.5万尾,各个区域的鱼类资源量分别为:3971ind.、11478ind.、6587ind.、2978ind.。  相似文献   

4.
温州湾天河滩涂大型底栖动物群落分布与季节变化   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
2003年11月至2004年8月,在温州湾天河潮间带按季节取样对大型底栖动物群落进行了研究.共发现大型底栖动物38种,隶属7门8纲23科,主要为软体动物、节肢动物和环节动物多毛类.物种获得数季节间差异不显著(F3,9=1.76,P>0.05),但潮位间种类获得数差异极显著(F3,9=9.56,P<0.01).潮上带、高潮带、中潮带和低潮带的密度、生物量分别为:144.50±14.24 ind./m2,58.56±13.23 g/m2;171.00±16.52ind./m2,40.57±12.60 g/m2;182.50±39.38 ind./m2,50.26±10.57 g/m2和94.00±28.88 ind./m2,16.55±7.27 g/m2.密度的季节间差异和潮位差异均不显著(F3,9=2.78和F3,9=2.14,P>0.05),而生物量在季节和潮位间差异极显著(F3,9=16.72和F3,9=22.24,P<0.01).Margalef物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数4季平均数表现为:中潮带>高潮带>低潮带>潮上带;Pielou均匀度指数平均数表现为:低潮带>中潮带>高潮带>潮上带;Simpson优势度指数平均数表现为:中潮带<高潮带<低潮带<潮上带.对4季4潮带16个群落进行聚类和排序分析可以看出,中高潮带界限不明显,低潮带和潮上带的界限明显.分析表明:生境条件的不同是大型底栖动物群落组成差异的主要原因,同一站位大型底栖动物群落物种构成数各季节之间差异不显著[动物学报52(1):45-52,2006].  相似文献   

5.
刘录三  孟伟  田自强  蔡玉林 《生态学报》2008,28(7):3027-3034
于2005~2006年进行的4个航次调查中,分别对长江口及毗邻海域进行了大型底栖动物取样工作.4个航次共发现大型底栖动物330种,其中包括软体动物122种,多毛类83种,甲壳动物67种,棘皮动物23种,底栖鱼类28种,以及其它类群7种.调查区内大型底栖动物的平均栖息密度为(146.4 ± 22.3)个/m2,平均生物量为(12.8 ± 2.3) g/m2,平均香农指数、丰富度指数与均匀度指数分别为1.72 ± 0.16、1.37 ± 0.19、0.64 ± 0.04.研究表明,调查区内的底栖生物自西向东、由近岸向外海大致可分为3个等级:在最西侧的口内水域与杭州湾,底栖生物种类组成最为单调,生物多样性指数最低,群落结构极为脆弱;在紧邻该底栖生物贫乏带的东侧,也就是口外水域与舟山海区,底栖生物种类组成呈现复杂化,生物多样性指数较高,群落结构显著好于口内水域及杭州湾;在调查海域东南侧的近海区,底栖生物的种类组成最为复杂,生物多样性指数最高,群落结构最为稳定.近半个世纪以来,长江口冲淡水区大型底栖动物的总生物量未出现明显变化,其值在20 g/m2左右变动,但各生态类群的优势地位发生了显著更替.个体较小、生长周期较短的多毛类取代个体较大、生长周期较长的棘皮动物,成为目前冲淡水区最重要的优势类群.  相似文献   

6.
保安湖大型底栖动物结构与分布格局研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
2001年8月对保安湖大型底栖动物进行调查,共记录动物4门7纲25科54属70种。其中,软体动物为绝对优势类群(占总丰度的81.5%)。而腹足类的纹沼螺(Parafossarulus striatulus)、白旋螺(Gyraulus albus)、长角涵螺(Alocinma longicornis)、方格短沟蜷(Semisulcospira libertina)和铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)为该湖泊的优势种。样点间平均物种丰富度7.1,平均Shannon-Winner指数1.34。刮食者是保安湖底栖动物的最重要的功能摄食类群(占总丰度的80%以上)。结合GPS,将野外调查数据构建GIS数据库。基于GIS软件平台,运用Kringing插值法,构建动物丰度、主要功能摄氏类群及生物多样性等的空间分布格局,较为直观地反映了保安湖底栖动物的分布情况。模拟出的底栖动物分布格局显示,底栖动物各参数在全湖的分布较不均匀,出现数个高分布区。比较底栖动物各种参数的分布格局图与优势水生植物分布格局图,发现总密度、软体动物丰度和Shannon生物多样性指数的高分布区域与水草总生物量的高值区有不同程度的重叠。这表明,保安湖高等水生植物的分布是影响其底栖动物的关键因子。  相似文献   

7.
渭河流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
于2011年10月对渭河流域45个采样点的大型底栖动物进行调查采样.共采集到大型底栖动物116属(种),其中水生昆虫91(属)种,占78.4%;软体动物12种,占10.3%;环节动物9种,占7.8%;甲壳动物4种,占3.4%.利用大型底栖动物的物种组成以及物种相对丰度数据,应用双向指示种分析和无偏对应分析将45个样点分为3组.第1组样点的指示物种为锯形蜉属1种(Serratella sp.)、纹石蛾属1种(Hydropsyche sp.)和朝大蚊属1种(Antochasp.);第2组样点指示物种为虻属1种(Tabanus sp.)、Alotanypus venustus、Pelecorhynchidae 1 种、Liodessus sp.和霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffineistteri);第3组指示物种为黑翅蜉(Ephemera nigroptera)和半球多脉扁螺(Polypylis hemisphaerula).典范对应分析表明,卵石+砾石型底质、流速、电导率、水深和总氮显著影响了渭河流域底栖动物群落的空间分布.  相似文献   

8.
2008年11月—2009年10月,在盐城自然保护区射阳河口潮间带按月份对大型底栖动物群落进行取样。共得到大型底栖动物16种,隶属3门4纲15科,为软体动物、节肢动物甲壳类和环节动物多毛类,其中,潮间带米草丛6种,高潮带光滩7种,中潮带光滩13种,低潮带光滩7种。对潮间带各样点的物种数、密度、生物量以及不同样点的生物多样性指数Margalef指数(S)、Shannon指数(H)、Pielou指数(J)和Simpson指数(D)进行样点-季节间无重复双因素方差分析,发现样点间物种数、密度和生物量差异极显著(所有P<0.01),三者季节间差异均不显著;样点间H、D和S差异显著(所有P<0.05),季节间差异均不显著;而季节间和样点间J差异均不显著。对四季4个样点的群落进行聚类和排序分析发现,中、高潮带光滩界限不明显,潮间带米草丛和低潮带光滩界限明显。结果表明:生境条件的不同是潮间带大型底栖动物群落组成差异的主要原因,同一生境大型底栖动物群落季节间差异不显著。  相似文献   

9.
江苏滆湖大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解滆湖大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2013—2014年对滆湖20个采样点的大型底栖动物按季节进行了8次调查,同时对14项水环境指标进行了逐月监测.结果表明: 共采集到大型底栖动物25种,其中软体动物3种,占12%,摇蚊幼虫12种,占48%,寡毛类4种,占16%,甲壳类4种,占16%.优势种为霍甫水丝蚓、苏氏尾鳃蚓、中国长足摇蚊和太湖裸须摇蚊.摇蚊幼虫和寡毛类存在显著的空间和季节变化.氮、磷营养元素和水温对滆湖水域环境状况有较大影响,且总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)和溶解氧(DO)均表现出显著的空间和季节变化.相关性分析表明,TN和NO3--N是影响滆湖大型底栖动物群落结构的主要水环境因子,环境变量可以较好地解释主要类群的变化.  相似文献   

10.
黄土高原是我国重要的生态安全屏障之一,承担着多种关键的生态系统功能。然而,历史上高强度和不合理的土地利用导致该地区生态环境严重退化,从而对全国生态安全格局产生深远影响。虽然近年来黄土高原生态保护修复技术与模式取得了显著进展,并逐步由单一技术手段向多要素协同的复合模式转型,但现有的技术与模式在技术集成度和系统协调性等方面仍显不足,且缺乏科学完备和操作性强的综合效益评估体系。通过系统梳理黄土高原主要生态分区的空间特征及其关键生态问题,对比分析适用于不同分区的生态保护修复技术与模式的机理特征、实施成效与局限条件,总结目前综合效益评估的研究进展,揭示出存在生态修复分区分类指引不足、技术体系集成与耦合欠缺、评估指标系统性和实践应用匹配度不高以及生态修复成效监管手段薄弱等核心问题。在此基础上,提出了未来应着重推进的四大研究方向:从单一要素治理向生态系统整体修复转变,从碎片化评估向标准化集成评估体系发展,从传统监测向智慧化动态监管升级,以及深化山水林田湖草生命共同体系统治理理念,为黄土高原及类似生态脆弱区构建生态-经济-社会协同发展的综合治理范式提供科学依据与实践指导。  相似文献   

11.
    
The giant sea bass Stereolepis gigas Ayres 1859 (GSB) is a critically endangered top marine predator in California. Since protection in 1982 and 1994, the population has appeared to increase, and individuals within a growing population may expand their ranges to new habitats to reduce intraspecific competition and increase foraging opportunities. In 2016–2018, two GSB tagged with acoustic transmitters were detected at artificial reefs for periods of up to 3 months during October–March, and one individual travelled 53 km from an offshore island to mainland California in 56 h. Artificial reefs may provide important foraging opportunities for these protected marine predators as they recover from exploitation.  相似文献   

12.
    
Passive acoustic monitoring is increasingly being used as a cost-effective way to study wildlife populations, especially those that are difficult to census using conventional methods. Burrow-nesting seabirds are among the most threatened birds globally, but they are also one of the most challenging taxa to census, making them prime candidates for research into such automated monitoring platforms. Passive acoustic monitoring has the potential to determine presence/absence or quantify burrow-nesting populations, but its effectiveness remains unclear. We compared passive acoustic monitoring, tape-playbacks and GPS tracking data to investigate the ability of passive acoustic monitoring to capture unbiased estimates of within-colony variation in nest density for the Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus. Variation in acoustic activity across 12 study plots on an island colony was examined in relation to burrow density and environmental factors across 2 years. As predicted fewer calls were recorded when wind speed was high, and on moon-lit nights, but there was no correlation between acoustic activity and the density of breeding birds within the plots as determined by tape-playback surveys. Instead, acoustic indices correlated positively with spatial variation in the in-colony flight activity of breeding individuals detected by GPS. Although passive acoustic monitoring has enormous potential in avian conservation, our results highlight the importance of understanding behaviour when using passive acoustic monitoring to estimate density and distribution.  相似文献   

13.
We tested the possibility of using a high-frequency, BioSonics, dual-beam, acoustic system with an upwards-looking transducer to detect very young whitefish, Coregonus sp., juveniles. These first experiments were conducted in an enclosure with 100 fish (20–30 mm total length).
Observations over 24-h periods showed wide variations of the fish vertical distribution (> 5 m) and two typical aggregation patterns in near-surface waters at dawn and dusk. No direct relationship was found between light intensity and distribution of the fish during the day.
The mean target strength of young whitefish juveniles was found to be – 56 dB when fish were staying near the surface and – 63 dB as they were moving up- or downwards.  相似文献   

14.
    
This study tested the behavioural effects of tagging subyearling and yearling lingcod Ophiodon elongatus with acoustic telemetry tags in laboratory tanks and in the natural environment (Puget Sound, WA). In the laboratory, tagged individuals showed less movement and feeding behaviour soon after tagging than untagged controls. The effect dissipated after c. 1 week, presumably as the tagged O. elongatus recovered from surgery or adjusted to the presence of the tags. This dissipation enabled a field study that compared early‐tagged individuals with a long recovery period after tagging to recently‐tagged individuals with a short recovery period after tagging. Consistent with findings from the laboratory experiment, recently tagged individuals showed less movement away from three release sites in Puget Sound than early‐tagged individuals. Together, the laboratory and field results provide evidence of temporary tag effects on actual movement in the natural environment and provide a method for testing tag effects in the field. This study suggests that subyearling and yearling O. elongatus should be held for a recovery period before release. If holding after tagging is not an option, then movement data collected during the first week should be interpreted cautiously.  相似文献   

15.
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts (n = 181) from two rivers were surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters and released to determine migration route, residency time and survival in a 50 km long estuarine fjord located on the south coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Data obtained from automated receivers placed throughout the Bay d'Espoir fjord indicated that migrating smolts used different routes to reach the outer areas of the fjord. The duration of time that smolts spent in the immediate estuary zone also differed between the two localities (7 and 17 days) although the total time smolts were resident in the fjord was similar and extensive (40 days). Many smolts were resident for periods of 4-8 weeks moving back and forth in the outer part of the fjord where maximum water depths range from 300 to 700 m. Survival in the estuary zone was greater for smolts with prolonged residency in estuarine habitat. Overall smolt survival to the fjord exit was moderately high (54-85%), indicating that the initial phase of migration did not coincide with a period of unusually high mortality.  相似文献   

16.
    
To study smolt behaviour and survival of a northern Atlantic salmon Salmo salar population during river descent, sea entry and fjord migration, 120 wild S. salar were tagged with acoustic tags and registered at four automatic listening station arrays in the mouth of the north Norwegian River Alta and throughout the Alta Fjord. An estimated 75% of the post‐smolts survived from the river mouth, through the estuary and the first 17 km of the fjord. Survival rates in the fjord varied with fork length (LF), and ranged from 97·0 to 99·5% km?1. On average, the post‐smolts spent 1·5 days (36 h, range 11–365 h) travelling from the river mouth to the last fjord array, 31 km from the river mouth. The migratory speed was slower (1·8 LF s?1) in the first 4 km after sea entry compared with the next 27 km (3·0 LF s?1). Post‐smolts entered the fjord more often during the high or ebbing tide (70%). There was no clear diurnal migration pattern within the river and fjord, but most of the post‐smolts entered the fjord at night (66%, 2000–0800 hours), despite the 24 h daylight at this latitude. The tidal cycle, wind‐induced currents and the smolts' own movements seemed to influence migratory speeds and routes in different parts of the fjord. A large variation in migration patterns, both in the river and fjord, might indicate that individuals in stochastic estuarine and marine environments are exposed to highly variable selection regimes, resulting in different responses to environmental factors on both temporal and spatial scales. Post‐smolts in the northern Alta Fjord had similar early marine survival rates to those observed previously in southern fjords; however, fjord residency in the north was shorter.  相似文献   

17.
    
The movements of adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were determined as they migrated to spawning habitats in a large lacustrine catchment, Lough Neagh, in Northern Ireland. The minimum average ground speed of S. salar through the lake was 2·1 km day?1 and the mean residence time was 11 days. Tagged S. salar tended to actively migrate through the lake which represented a transitory habitat for adult S. salar. Migration time from the release site, through the lake, to a spawning tributary decreased during the migratory period. During the 4 year study period between 20·5 and 41·6% of tagged S. salar which entered the lake each year, explored at least one other channel before ascending the final spawning tributary. Exploratory behaviour was more likely in S. salar which spawned in the tributaries furthest from the sea. Exploratory behaviour was also more likely to occur during periods of reduced discharge in the natal stream. The fishery management implications of complex pre‐spawning behaviour in a mixed stock lacustrine system, are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
    
Marine reserves can protect fish populations by increasing abundance and body size, but less is known about the effect of protection on fish behaviour. We looked for individual consistency in movement behaviours of sea trout in the marine habitat using acoustic telemetry to investigate whether they represent personality traits and if so, do they affect survival in relation to protection offered by a marine reserve. Home range size had a repeatability of 0.21, suggesting that it represents a personality trait, while mean swimming depth, activity and diurnal vertical migration were not repeatable movement behaviours. The effect of home range size on survival differed depending on the proportion of time fish spent in the reserve, where individuals spending more time in the reserve experienced a decrease in survival with larger home ranges while individuals spending little time in the reserve experienced an increase in survival with larger home ranges. We suggest that the diversity of fish home range sizes could be preserved by establishing networks of marine reserves encompassing different habitat types, ensuring both a heterogeneity in environmental conditions and fishing pressure.  相似文献   

19.
Global climate forecasts predict changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events (ECEs). The capacity for specific habitat patches within a landscape to modulate stressors from extreme climate events, and animal distribution throughout habitat matrices during events, could influence the degree of population level effects following the passage of ECEs. Here, we ask (i) does the intensity of stressors of an ECE vary across a landscape? And (ii) Do habitat use patterns of a mobile species influence their vulnerability to ECEs? Specifically, we measured how extreme cold spells might interact with temporal variability in habitat use to affect populations of a tropical, estuarine‐dependent large‐bodied fish Common Snook, within Everglades National Park estuaries (FL US). We examined temperature variation across the estuary during cold disturbances with different degrees of severity, including an extreme cold spell. Second, we quantified Snook distribution patterns when the passage of ECEs is most likely to occur from 2012 to 2016 using passive acoustic tracking. Our results revealed spatial heterogeneity in the intensity of temperature declines during cold disturbances, with some habitats being consistently 3–5°C colder than others. Surprisingly, Snook distributions during periods of greatest risk to experience an extreme cold event varied among years. During the winters of 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 a greater proportion of Snook occurred in the colder habitats, while the winters of 2012–2013 and 2015–2016 featured more Snook observed in the warmest habitats. This study shows that Snook habitat use patterns could influence vulnerability to extreme cold events, however, whether Snook habitat use increases or decreases their vulnerability to disturbance depends on the year, creating temporally dynamic vulnerability. Faunal global change research should address the spatially explicit nature of extreme climate events and animal habitat use patterns to identify potential mechanisms that may influence population effects following these disturbances.  相似文献   

20.
    
Eight hatchery‐reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post‐smolts, implanted with acoustic depth sensing transmitters and manually tracked for 5–12 h in the Hardangerfjord (Norway), spent most of their time (49–99%) at 1–3 m depth during the day, whereas four of seven fish tracked were found close (<0·5 m) to the surface at night, with a strong negative cross‐correlation between general swimming depth and surface light intensity. Hence, the actual swimming depth of post‐smolts during their early marine migration may depend on the light conditions, although the individual variation in vertical movement pattern was large. No cross‐correlations were found between light intensity and swimming depth during daytime periods with rapid changes in light intensity, indicating that other factors than light intensity were important in initiating the irregular dives that were recorded down to 6·5 m depth.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号