瓣膜置换术同期射频消融术后房颤复发和BNP关系

目的:研究瓣膜置换术同期实施射频消融术后房颤复发和脑钠肽(BNP)的关系.方法:对60例心脏瓣膜病合并心房颤动的患者行瓣膜置换手术和射频消融手术,根据患者术后6个月内房颤是否复发将患者分为房颤复发组(AF组)和房颤未复发组(SR组).两组患者在性别、体外循环时间、阻断时间和射血分数等方面无明显差异(P0.05).两组患者分别于术前和术后第七天抽血测定血浆中BNP,分析患者术后BNP水平与房颤复发的关系.结果:60例患者均进入结果分析.房颤复发组患者术后的BNP水平明显高于房颤未复发组,差异比较有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论:BNP在消融术后房颤复发的预测上具有良好的临床应用价值,可以为临床干预和制定合理的治疗方案提供理论依据.     

兰州飞控仪器总厂—立项新型心脏瓣膜生产线

_,,_。、./J。J、,二,琢现日丁班日在兰州飞控仪器总厂立项。该厂是“人工心脏瓣膜”定点生产厂家,这次立项生产的CL型系列人工心脏瓣膜,用于置换人体心脏内发生病变的心脏瓣膜,使患者重建血液循环动力功能。据悉,该项目拟建设一条年产一万只全炭双叶型人工机械心脏瓣膜生产线,一条年产一万只CL标准和短柱型人工机械心脏瓣膜生产线,以及人工机械心脏瓣膜流体力学及物理兰州飞控仪器总厂——立项新型心脏瓣膜生产线     

组织工程心脏瓣膜的研究进展

组织工程心脏瓣膜(tissue engineering heart valve,TEHV)理论上能克服机械瓣及生物瓣的不足,具有广阔的发展前景。目前组织工程心脏瓣膜的研究主要集中在瓣膜支架材料的选取及制备、种子细胞的选择和种子细胞的种植及培养等三方面。本文将分别就这三方面研究进展进行介绍,分析目前存在的问题,并对其应用进行展望。     

新型机械心脏瓣膜的研究

目前临床使用的各种机械心脏瓣膜的主要问题是血栓栓塞和与抗凝治疗有关的出血,其缺陷在于瓣膜开启时,碟片和支架将瓣膜的整个血流通道分隔成三至四个较小的血流通道。在这种受阻隔的血流通宫,形成容易诱发血栓的高剪应力区、紊流和滞流区。我们研制的两种机械心脏瓣膜在瓣膜开启时,没有任何支架和碟片分隔瓣膜的血流通道,使血流与天然心脏瓣膜中的相类似,可减少对血液的危害,从而可减少换瓣病人对抗凝治疗的依赖程度。     

冠心病患者PCI术后心脏康复运动训练的研究进展

心脏康复可降低心血管疾病的发病率及病死率,而运动是心脏康复程序的核心.本文就运动训练对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入术后患者的心功能及其生活质量影响的研究进展作一综述.     

彩色多普勒诊断老年性退行性心脏瓣膜病

老年性退行性心脏瓣膜病又称老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病,为老年人常见心瓣膜病。随着年龄增长,心瓣膜结缔组织发生退行性变、纤维化、钙化,致使瓣膜功能异常。我们对160例本病患者进行了UCG检测,现分析如下。 材料与方法 研究对象160例,男118例,女42例;年龄为60～82岁。除外风心病、先心病及胶原病所致瓣膜病变。应用仪器为美国HP—77025型彩色多普勒血流显象仪,探头频率为2.5MHz。患     

80岁以上老年人冠状动脉旁路移植术合并瓣膜置换手术的临床分析

目的：总结老年患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）合并瓣膜置换（VR）手术的特点及经验。方法：上海交通大学附属第一人民医院心血管外科2001年11月至2010年3月对60例年龄大于80的患者施行冠状动脉搭桥＋瓣膜置换手术,男33例,女27例。年龄80-87岁,平均年龄（83.77±2.45）岁。均为冠心病合并瓣膜病变患者。其中36例患者行冠状动脉旁路移植＋二尖瓣置换手术,15例患者行冠状动脉旁路移植＋主动脉瓣置换手术,9例患者行冠状动脉旁路移植＋双瓣置换手术,同时8例患者行三尖瓣成形手术,3例患者行射频消融手术,1例升主动开成形术。置换生物瓣膜者51例,置换机械瓣膜者9例。CABG平均搭桥（2.13±0.75）根,搭桥材料为左乳内动脉与大隐静脉。结果：全组早期死亡9例（15%）,1例死于术后出血,1例死于多器官功能衰竭,7例死于术后心衰。早期生存51例（85%）,出现术后并发症10例,其中2例发生胸腔积液,1例心包填塞,3例肺部感染,1例心房扑动后发生室颤,3例二次开胸止血。给予相应对症治疗后痊愈出院。门诊随访49例,随访时间1～60个月,心功能I级2例、Ⅱ级29例、Ⅲ级18例、Ⅳ级0例（NYHA分级）。结论：对老年患者行冠脉搭桥＋瓣膜置换手术,只要掌握手术适应证,充分作好术前准备、术中及术后处理,手术治疗可以取得良好效果。     

80岁以上老年人冠状动脉旁路移植术合并瓣膜置换手术的临床分析

目的:总结老年患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)合并瓣膜置换(VR)手术的特点及经验。方法:上海交通大学附属第一人民医院心血管外科2001年11月至2010年3月对60例年龄大于80的患者施行冠状动脉搭桥+瓣膜置换手术,男33例,女27例。年龄80-87岁,平均年龄(83.77±2.45)岁。均为冠心病合并瓣膜病变患者。其中36例患者行冠状动脉旁路移植+二尖瓣置换手术,15例患者行冠状动脉旁路移植+主动脉瓣置换手术,9例患者行冠状动脉旁路移植+双瓣置换手术,同时8例患者行三尖瓣成形手术,3例患者行射频消融手术,1例升主动开成形术。置换生物瓣膜者51例,置换机械瓣膜者9例。CABG平均搭桥(2.13±0.75)根,搭桥材料为左乳内动脉与大隐静脉。结果:全组早期死亡9例(15%),1例死于术后出血,1例死于多器官功能衰竭,7例死于术后心衰。早期生存51例(85%),出现术后并发症10例,其中2例发生胸腔积液,1例心包填塞,3例肺部感染,1例心房扑动后发生室颤,3例二次开胸止血。给予相应对症治疗后痊愈出院。门诊随访49例,随访时间1～60个月,心功能I级2例、Ⅱ级29例、Ⅲ级18例、Ⅳ级0例(NYHA分级)。结论:对老年患者行冠脉搭桥+瓣膜置换手术,只要掌握手术适应证,充分作好术前准备、术中及术后处理,手术治疗可以取得良好效果。     

人工心脏瓣膜置换术后近期死亡因素的Logistic回归模型与分析

主要研究人工心脏瓣膜置换手术中导致病人术后近期死亡的重要影响因素．目的是通过统计学方法分析病人身体状况与治疗手段的数据,探讨导致病人死亡的因素,为临床上改善治疗方法,减少或消除危险因素,降低手术的死亡率提供参考．通过Logistic回归模型,对所有变量作单因素分析和相关因素分析,在此基础上,结合医学背景知识,对入选因素进行多因素的逐步筛选;对所得模型作残差分析,用刀切法加以检验,保证了模型的正确性。     

1600例重症心脏瓣膜置换术中的体外循环管理

目的报告1600例重症心脏瓣膜置换术中的体外循环管理技术。方法CPB中采用低液面预充、中度血液稀释、浅低温、HCT22～25％,心肌保护为高钾含血停跳液灌注。对心胸比例超过85％,合并肝大、腹水、肺长期淤血的患者,CPB中采用超滤法。结果体外循环时间90～357min,主动脉阻断时间50～170min,心脏停跳时间54～175min,术中灌注压55～70mmHg,中心静脉压0～5cm H2O,尿量平均200～800ml,自动复跳1047例,占65％。结论为了提高重症心脏瓣膜手术的体外循环质量,增加手术成功率,强调：(1)中度血液稀释,提高胶体渗透压;(2)CPB中用高钾含血停搏液作为心肌保护,必须做到按时、足量灌注;(3)及时补充碱性药物和电解质;(4)补充充足的镁离子可增加细胞内的钾离子浓度。     

Allograft Tissue for Use in Valve Replacement

Homograft or allograft tissue has been available for use as replacement for diseased valves or reconstruction of major vessels for decades. However, with respect to replacement of diseased valvular tissue the search for the ideal valve still continues. In this review we will discuss the clinical indications, surgical techniques, and outcome of aortic homografts.     

Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement: Emerging Tractability for Sufficient Intracardiac Resection of the Aortic Valve

OBJECTIVE:: The feasibility of endovascular resection of highly calcified aortic valves has already been demonstrated by our group. Different endovascular and intracardiac tractability methods were applied. In this study, these technologies were analyzed comparing the tractability, the resection time, and the lesions in the surrounding tissue. METHODS:: All aortic valve resections (seven human hearts and 21 porcine hearts) were performed using a Thulium:YAG laser (continuous wave, wavelength of 2.01 μm, 20 watts power rating). In the first resection system, the laser fiber was controlled by a free in-lying flexible endoscope (? 2.5 mm, length of 600 mm). The distal part of the endoscope (40 mm) was moved in one plane by proximal manual control (three degrees of freedom). The resection system was separated into defined rooms assigning one room for one tool. The fiber was controlled by the above-mentioned endoscope (*) (three degrees of freedom). The third resection system was a mechanical microactuator carrying the laser fiber (three degrees of freedom). The fourth resection system contains a rotatable inlay with defined rooms and a newly designed nitinol (NiTi) microactuator that controlled the laser fiber (four degrees of freedom). The resection time per leaflet was measured in minutes. Gross anatomy and histology in the surrounding tissue were evaluated. RESULTS:: The resection time in approaches 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 5.5 ± 2.3 minutes, 7.4 ± 2.7 minutes, ± 6.6 minutes, and2.3 ± 1.2 minutes, respectively. The gross anatomy and histology of collateral damages revealed only superficial lesions of the surrounding tissue. The amount of lesions and the resection time were lower in the fourth approach with four degrees of freedom. CONCLUSIONS:: This analysis demonstrated that a precise tractability with four degrees of freedom is necessary for a faster and safer endovascular resection of the aortic valve. The analysis will help to optimize the ongoing development of the endovascular and intracardiac resection technology.     

成年鸟脑神经更替研究进展

成年脊椎动物脑中仍有自发神经更替现象的存在.新生神经元的类型,神经更替的过程及其影响因素,都与中枢神经系统的可塑性有密切的关系.成体神经发生、神经更替和脑的干细胞生物学将使分子生物学和临床医学得到长足的发展.不用通过外源细胞的移植,就能达到良好的治疗效果,尤其是某些神经退化病和中枢神经系统损伤.主要对以鸣禽鸣唱系统为模型的成年鸟脑神经发生及神经更替进行了综述.     

Transplantation of Pulmonary Valve Using a Mouse Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation

Tissue engineered heart valves, especially decellularized valves, are starting to gain momentum in clinical use of reconstructive surgery with mixed results. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the neotissue development, valve thickening, and stenosis development are not researched extensively. To answer the above questions, we developed a murine heterotopic heart valve transplantation model. A heart valve was harvested from a valve donor mouse and transplanted to a heart donor mouse. The heart with a new valve was transplanted heterotopically to a recipient mouse. The transplanted heart showed its own heartbeat, independent of the recipient’s heartbeat. The blood flow was quantified using a high frequency ultrasound system with a pulsed wave Doppler. The flow through the implanted pulmonary valve showed forward flow with minimal regurgitation and the peak flow was close to 100 mm/sec. This murine model of heart valve transplantation is highly versatile, so it can be modified and adapted to provide different hemodynamic environments and/or can be used with various transgenic mice to study neotissue development in a tissue engineered heart valve.     

Protein Isolation from the Developing Embryonic Mouse Heart Valve Region

Western blot analysis is a commonly employed technique for detecting and quantifying protein levels. However, for small tissue samples, this analysis method may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect a protein of interest. To overcome these difficulties, we examined protocols for obtaining protein from adult human cardiac valves and modified these protocols for the developing early embryonic mouse counterparts. In brief, the mouse embryonic aortic valve regions, including the aortic valve and surrounding aortic wall, are collected in the minimal possible volume of a Tris-based lysis buffer with protease inhibitors. If required based on the breeding strategy, embryos are genotyped prior to pooling four embryonic aortic valve regions for homogenization. After homogenization, an SDS-based sample buffer is used to denature the sample for running on an SDS-PAGE gel and subsequent western blot analysis. Although the protein concentration remains too low to quantify using spectrophotometric protein quantification assays and have sample remaining for subsequent analyses, this technique can be used to successfully detect and semi-quantify phosphorylated proteins via western blot from pooled samples of four embryonic day 13.5 mouse aortic valve regions, each of which yields approximately 1 μg of protein. This technique will be of benefit for studying cell signaling pathway activation and protein expression levels during early embryonic mouse valve development.     

冠状动脉介入治疗对冠心病患者Caspase-3,9水平的影响

目的：通过对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）前后血清Caspase-3,9水平变化的观察,探讨冠状动脉介入治疗对冠心病患者血清Caspase-3,9水平的影响。方法：冠状动脉介入组（PCI组）30例和单纯造影组（CAG组）29例,在术前0.5h,术后3h,术后6h,术后12h,术后24h,术后48h分别测定血清Caspase-3,9水平。结果：CAG组术前与术后的血清Caspase-3,9水平差异均无统计学意义,PCI组术后3h、6h的Caspase-3水平较术前0.5h均有降低趋势,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,PCI组术后48h的Caspase-9水平与术后3h、6h相比均有升高趋势,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：PCI术后狭窄或闭塞的冠状动脉血管重新恢复血供,血清中Caspase-3,9水平在PCI术后先降低后又逐渐升高,提示再灌注后可出现细胞的凋亡程度加重,血清中Caspase-3,9的水平可作为心肌再灌注损伤后细胞凋亡程度的评估指标并可作为诊断临床症状不典型的再灌注损伤的一个指标。PCI术可有效改善心肌血供,减少因术前缺血缺氧造成的细胞凋亡,但PCI术后再灌注损伤可进一步加重细胞凋亡。