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1.
The COVID‐19 global pandemic caused instructors to pivot to remote and online teaching, an especially challenging task in hands‐on classes such as invertebrate biology. In this special 25th anniversary issue of Invertebrate Biology, the authors present a variety of clever and effective ways to help invertebrate biology instructors adapt to teaching in an online environment. Student‐centered research and learning are essential in all biology classes, and we explore scientific writing, field trips, do‐it‐yourself laboratories, and more. These techniques will be useful for classes of varying sizes and types, from non‐major undergraduates to graduate students, even after the pandemic is over. Innovation for teaching invertebrate biology online may help facilitate more inclusive courses that serve diverse students more equitably. Ideas for how to best move traditionally hands‐on laboratories into online or remote formats are currently also being informally discussed in a collaborative online space for instructors. 相似文献
2.
Next-generation teaching: a template for bringing genomic and bioinformatic tools into the classroom
The recent increase in accessibility and scale of genetic data available through next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has transformed biological inquiry. As a direct result, the application and analysis of NGS data has quickly become an important skill for future scientists. However, the steep learning curve for applying NGS technology to biological questions, including the complexity of sample preparation for sequencing and the analysis of large data sets, are deterrents to the integration of NGS into undergraduate education. Here, we present a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) designed to aid in overcoming these limitations through NGS investigations of prokaryotic diversity. Specifically, we use 16S rRNA sequencing to explore patterns of diversity stemming from student-directed hypothesis development. This CURE addresses three learning objectives: (1) it provides a forum for experimental design hypothesis generation, (2) it introduces modern genomic tools through a hands-on experience generating an NGS data-set, and (3) it provides students with an introductory experience in bioinformatics. 相似文献
3.
Integrating research into the classroom environment is an influential pedagogical tool to support student learning, increase retention of STEM students, and help students identify as scientists. The evolution of course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) has grown from individual faculty incorporating their research in the teaching laboratory into well-supported systems to sustain faculty engagement in CUREs. To support the growth of protein-centric biochemistry-related CUREs, we cultivated a community of enthusiastic faculty to develop and adopt malate dehydrogenase (MDH) as a CURE focal point. The MDH CURE Community has grown into a vibrant and exciting group of over 28 faculty from various institutions, including community colleges, minority-serving institutions, undergraduate institutions, and research-intensive institutions in just 4 years. This collective has also addressed important pedagogical questions on the impact of CURE collaboration and the length of the CURE experience in community colleges, undergraduate institutions, and research-intensive institutions. This work provided evidence that modular or partial-semester CUREs also support student outcomes, especially the positive impact it had on underrepresented students. We are currently focused on expanding the MDH CURE Community network by generating more teaching and research materials, creating regional hubs for local interaction and increasing mentoring capacity, and offering mentoring and professional development opportunities for new faculty adopters. 相似文献
4.
AbstractAlthough there are many examples of activities for using STEM in the preschool education, the number of studies on how these activities can be used in practice, how children can react, and what kind of products they can design are limited. The aim of this study is to implement the STEM activity called “How do I carry the eggs without breaking?” which is planned for 48-66-month-old children and to convey the implementation stages in order to set an example for other researchers. Because there is no any guidelines or models about implementation of STEM activities, we set out 7 steps from STEM-oriented studies, which are shown in detail in the study, have been formed by focusing on the points that should be at an STEM activity. During all the steps of the activity, students cooperatively worked in groups and their social relations were improved. While children were trying to test their designs by carrying real eggs, they had fun because in the designation process they used ping-pong balls. At the testing stage, some designs of the groups could not have carried the eggs and they were broken. The teacher had guided them to test the new ideas on redesign. 相似文献
5.
目的观察油红O染色原代培养的未活化胰腺星状细胞脂肪滴,并予鉴定。方法选取接种于6孔板中培养4天的原代未活化胰腺星状细胞,予100g/L甲醛液固定,磷酸盐缓冲液漂洗后,加入5g/L油红O饱和液染色,镜下动态观察。胞浆内的脂肪滴一旦着色,即可洗去油红,苏木素衬染胞核,漂洗分化脱色后镜下成像。结果未活化的胰腺星状细胞脂肪滴被油红0染成鲜艳的红色,大小不一的串珠样\"油珠子\"分散于胞质中,簇集成\"环状\",呈戒环样包绕在细胞核周围。结论油红染色原代未活化胰星状细胞脂肪滴是鉴定该细胞的重要方法之一。 相似文献
6.
Infection of nematodes by two strains of Datylella ellipsospora was observed using video photomicrography and electron microscopy. By light microscopy, each cell with adhesive knobs contained
a number of particles that were distributed evenly before capture of a nematode. The cytoplasmic particles moved to and fro
at random. At the moment when the knob cell came into contact with a nematode, the particles accumulated at the place where
the cell wall of the knob stuck firmly to the nematode cuticle and exuded adhesive at the same time. The adhesive can be seen
near the point of contact between the cell wall of the knob and the cuticle of the nematode. At that point, the knob cell
produced an infection peg in most cases, and the cell showed a preference to invade the body of the nematode rather than the
tail and head. During capture, accumulation of cytoplasmic particles was seen until infection-bulb formation began. In electron
micrographs of ultrathin sections, most of the particles could be seen as electron-dense vesicles, 0.2–0.6 μm in diameter.
After attachment of the knob cell to the nematode cuticle, the vesicles were found to fuse with plasmalemma one after another
to exude adhesive seen as an amorphous electron-dense substance.
Received: January 30, 2002 / Accepted: April 25, 2002 相似文献
7.
There is currently great interest in the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for the therapy of many diseases of animals and humans. However, we are still left with the serious challenges in explaining the beneficial effects of the cells. Hence, it is essential to work backward from dramatic results obtained in vivo to the cellular and molecular explanations in order to discover the secrets of MSCs. This review will focus on recent data that have changed the paradigms for understanding the therapeutic potentials of MSCs. 相似文献
8.
Edward C. Yeung 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1999,35(2):137-143
Summary Histological methods have contributed significantly to our understanding of in vitro culture systems. A good histological study based on anatomical and histochemical changes provides insight into cellular processes and provides clues that allow for the proposal of hypotheses for further experimentation. This article serves to draw attention to the use of a histological approach to one’s experimental system. Some of the common mistakes in the handling and processing of explants are discussed. A protocol for the plastic embedding method is detailed. 相似文献
9.
Grabel L 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2012,113(2):381-387
Pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, both hold great promise for the understanding and treatment of disease. They can be used for drug testing, as in vitro models for human disease progression, and for transplantation therapies. Research in this area has been influenced by the ever-changing political landscape, particularly in the United States. In this review, we discuss the prospects for clinical application using pluripotent cells, focusing on an evaluation of iPS cell potential, the continuing concern of tumor formation, and a summary of in vitro differentiation protocols and animal models used. We also describe the current clinical trials underway in the United States, as well as the ups and downs of funding for ES cell work. 相似文献
10.
For more than 30 years, the US National Science Foundation's Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program has supported thousands of undergraduate researchers annually and provides many students with their first research experiences in field ecology or evolution. REUs embed students in scientific communities where they apprentice with experienced researchers, build networks with their peers, and help students understand research cultures and how to work within them. REUs are thought to provide formative experiences for developing researchers that differ from experiences in a college classrooms, laboratories, or field trips. REU assessments have improved through time but they are largely ungrounded in educational theory. Thus, evaluation of long‐term impacts of REUs remains limited and best practices for using REUs to enhance student learning are repeatedly re‐invented. We describe how one sociocultural learning framework, cultural–historical activity theory (CHAT), could be used to guide data collection to characterize the effects of REU programs on participant's learning in an educationally meaningful context. CHAT embodies a systems approach to assessment that accounts for social and cultural factors that influence learning. We illustrate how CHAT has guided assessment of the Harvard Forest Summer Research Program in Ecology (HF‐SRPE), one of the longest‐running REU sites in the United States. Characterizing HF‐SRPE using CHAT helped formalize thoughts and language for the program evaluation, reflect on potential barriers to success, identify assessment priorities, and revealed important oversights in data collection. 相似文献
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Hong‐Gang Duan Fang Ji Chun‐Quan Zheng Chun‐Hua Wang Jing Li 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2015,116(2):331-338
14.
Denis English Neel K. Sharma Kaushal Sharma Akshay Anand 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2013,114(4):764-772
For many years, accepted dogma held that brain is a static organ with no possibility of regeneration of cells in injured or diseased human brain. However, recent preclinical reports have shown regenerative potential of neural stem cells using various injury models. This has resulted in renewed hope for those suffering from spinal cord injury and neural damage. As the potential of stem cell therapy gained impact, these claims, in particular, led to widespread enthusiasm that acute and chronic injury of the nervous system would soon be a problem of the past. The devastation caused by injury or diseases of the brain and spinal cord led to wide premature acceptance that “neural stem cells (NSCs)” derived from embryonic, fetal or adult sources would soon be effective in reversing neural and spinal trauma. However, neural therapy with stem cells has not been realized to its fullest extent. Although, discrete population of regenerative stem cells seems to be present in specific areas of human brain, the function of these cells is unclear. However, similar cells in animals seem to play important role in postnatal growth as well as recovery of neural tissue from injury, anoxia, or disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 764–772, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
15.
Nasser Hashemi Goradel Farshid Ghiyami‐ Hour Babak Negahdari Ziba Vaisi Malekshahi Milad Hashemzehi Aria Masoudifar Hamed Mirzaei 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2018,119(1):95-104
Cardiovascular diseases are known as one of major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the many advancement in therapies are associated with cardiovascular diseases, it seems that finding of new therapeutic option is necessary. Cell therapy is one of attractive therapeutic platforms for treatment of a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Among of various types of cell therapy, stem cell therapy has been emerged as an effective therapeutic approach in this area. Stem cells divided into multipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells. A large number studies indicated that utilization of each of them are associated with a variety of advantages and disadvantages. Multiple lines evidence indicated that stem cell therapy could be used as suitable therapeutic approach for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Many clinical trials have been performed for assessing efficiency of stem cell therapies in human. However, stem cell therapy are associated with some challenges, but, it seems resolving of them could contribute to using of them as effective therapeutic approach for patients who suffering from cardiovascular diseases. In the current review, we summarized current therapeutic strategies based on stem cells for cardiovascular diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 95–104, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
16.
Relapse cases of cancers are more vigorous and difficult to control due to the preponderance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Such CSCs that had been otherwise dormant during the first incidence of cancer gradually appear as radiochemoresistant cancer cells. Hence, cancer therapeutics aimed at CSCs would be an effective strategy for mitigating the cancers during relapse. Alternatively, CSC therapy can also be proposed as an adjuvant therapy, along‐with the conventional therapies. As regenerative stem cells (RSCs) are known for their trophic effects, anti‐tumorogenicity, and better migration toward an injury site, this review aims to address the use of adult stem cells such as dental pulp derived; cord blood derived pure populations of regenerative stem cells for targeting CSCs. Indeed, pro‐tumorogenicity of RSCs is of concern and hence has also been dealt with in relation to breast CSC therapeutics. Furthermore, as notch signaling pathways are upregulated in breast cancers, and anti‐notch antibody based and sh‐RNA based therapies are already in the market, this review focuses the possibilities of engineering RSCs to express notch inhibitory proteins for breast CSC therapeutics. Also, we have drawn a comparison among various possibilities of breast CSC therapeutics, about, notch1 inhibition. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 141–149, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
17.
Grzegorz Bereta Benlian Wang Philip D. Kiser Wolfgang Baehr Geeng-Fu Jang Krzysztof Palczewski 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(3):1899-1908
Phototransduction is carried out by a signaling pathway that links photoactivation of visual pigments in retinal photoreceptor cells to a change in their membrane potential. Upon photoactivation, the second messenger of phototransduction, cyclic GMP, is rapidly degraded and must be replenished during the recovery phase of phototransduction by photoreceptor guanylate cyclases (GCs) GC1 (or GC-E) and GC2 (or GC-F) to maintain vision. Here, we present data that address the role of the GC kinase homology (KH) domain in cyclic GMP production by GC1, the major cyclase in photoreceptors. First, experiments were done to test which GC1 residues undergo phosphorylation and whether such phosphorylation affects cyclase activity. Using mass spectrometry, we showed that GC1 residues Ser-530, Ser-532, Ser-533, and Ser-538, located within the KH domain, undergo light- and signal transduction-independent phosphorylation in vivo. Mutations in the putative Mg2+ binding site of the KH domain abolished phosphorylation, indicating that GC1 undergoes autophosphorylation. The dramatically reduced GC activity of these mutants suggests that a functional KH domain is essential for cyclic GMP production. However, evidence is presented that autophosphorylation does not regulate GC1 activity, in contrast to phosphorylation of other members of this cyclase family. 相似文献
18.
《Arthropod Structure & Development》2015,44(1):21-32
Due to their small size, diminutive parasitic wasps are outstanding subjects for investigating aspects of body miniaturization. Information on minute compound eyes is still scarce, and we therefore investigated eye morphology in one of the smallest known hymenopteran species Megaphragma mymaripenne (body size 0.2 mm) relative to Anaphes flavipes (body size 0.45 mm) and compared the data with available information for Trichogramma evanescens (body size 0.4 mm). The eyes of all three species are of the apposition kind, and each ommatidium possesses the typical cellular organization of ommatidia found in larger hymenopterans. Compound eye miniaturization does not therefore involve a reduction in cell numbers or elimination of cell types. Six size-related adaptations were detected in the smallest eyes investigated, namely a) a decrease in the radius of curvature of the cornea compared with larger hymenopterans; b) the lack of extensions to the basal matrix from secondary pigment cells; c) the interlocking arrangement of the retinula cell nuclei in neighboring ommatidia; d) the distal positions of retinula cell nuclei in M. mymaripenne; e) the elongated shape of retinula cell pigment granules of both studied species; and f) an increase in rhabdom diameter in M. mymaripenne compared with A. flavipes and T. evanescens. The adaptations are discussed with respect to compound eye miniaturizations as well as their functional consequences based on optical calculations. 相似文献
19.
Haesun Youn Song‐Hee Kim Kyung Ah Choi Sungtae Kim 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2013,114(4):920-928
20.
M. F. Land 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1999,184(3):265-272
Gull-billed terns (Gelochelidon nilotica) were video-filmed while searching for and capturing fiddler crabs. Search consists of a vertical head nystagmus, with fast upward flicks and downward slow phases made at the angular speed of the substrate in the approximate direction of the bill. The bill points down at about 60° during hunting, but is brought up to 15° from time to time, which brings the visual streak into line with the horizon; 45° roll movements of the head are consistent with alternation between the use of the temporal and central foveas to view the same object. When a crab has been detected the nystagmus is suspended, and the tern tracks the crab continuously as it manoeuvres into a catching position. This may involve tucking the head under the body so that the bill is 45° behind the vertical, and flying up and backwards for some metres, straightening up the head at the same time. Accepted: 7 November 1998 相似文献