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目的 利用果蝇作为遗传工具从个体和分子层面研究果蝇的训练免疫效应,并为后续深入研究其分子机制提供依据。方法 首先构建无菌果蝇模型,在此基础上构建果蝇成虫及跨发育阶段训练免疫模型,用两种革兰氏阴性菌——胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌(Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15)及铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)分别经口腔感染果蝇。在第一次感染完全消退后进行再次感染,然后通过比较果蝇在两个感染阶段的存活率和细菌量来衡量训练免疫的潜在效果。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测相应先天免疫相关基因的表达水平,研究革兰氏阴性菌对免疫缺陷(IMD)通路的诱导作用。结果 果蝇成虫及幼虫初次感染均可提高二次感染后的生存率、细菌清除效率及死亡时能承受的最高细菌负荷;二次感染的果蝇中,IMD通路中免疫反应基因的基础表达比未感染的高,这提供了获得感染抗性的分子基础;果蝇的免疫反应主要发生在中肠,二次免疫比初次免疫的效应更迅速且剧烈;二次免疫的果蝇中,肠道干细胞的数量显著多于初次感染。结论 果蝇肠道中强大的训练免疫可由同源或异源革兰氏阴性菌口腔感染引发,且免疫记忆可在整个发育阶段持... 相似文献
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目的 分离和鉴定黑腹果蝇肠道共生微生物,并研究其促进果蝇身体发育的功能。方法 利用Hungate滚管技术,分离厌氧细菌;运用定植实验证明其为果蝇肠道共生菌;用悉菌实验来检测细菌对果蝇发育的影响。结果 本研究从野外捕获的果蝇体内分离到蜂房哈夫尼菌(Hafnia alvei),而且证实它能够在果蝇肠道内有效地定植并且能在培养基中稳定持续地存在,说明蜂房哈夫尼菌是果蝇肠道共生菌。此外,蜂房哈夫尼菌能显著地缩短无菌果蝇的发育周期及提高生长速率。结论 证明了蜂房哈夫尼菌是果蝇肠道的共生菌,并且其可以有效地促进果蝇的生长发育。 相似文献
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中国黑腹果蝇种组40种果蝇的核型多样性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过传统的敲片、Giemsa染色的方法制片对中国黑腹果蝇种组(Drosophilamelanogasterspeciesgroup)8个种亚组40种果蝇的染色体进行了分析,共发现18种核型,即A、A′′、C、C′、C′′、C′′′、C′′′′、D、D′、D′′、E、E′、E′′、F、F′、G、H和I,其中A、A′′、C′′′、C′′′′、D′′和F′为新发现的核型。8个种亚组的基本核型分别是:嗜凤梨果蝇种亚组(D.ananassaesubgroup)的核型为F、F′、G和H型;牵牛花果蝇种亚组(D.eleganssubgroup)的核型为A和A′′型;细针果蝇种亚组(D.eugracilissubgroup)的核型为C型;嗜榕果蝇种亚组(D.ficusphilasubgroup)的核型为C′型;黑腹果蝇种亚组(D.melanogastersubgroup)的核型为C和C′型;山果蝇种亚组(D.montiumsubgroup)的核型为C、C′、C′′、D、D′、D′′、E、E′、E′′和I型;铃木氏果蝇种亚组(D.suzukiisubgroup)的核型为C′′′和C′′′′型;高桥氏果蝇种亚组(D.takahashiisubgroup)的核型为C、C′′′和C′′′′型。透明翅果蝇(D.lucipennis)雌性核型2n=8,雄性核型2n=7,雄性Ⅳ号染色体为染色体单体。此外还发现,吉川氏果蝇(D.kikkawai)、林氏果蝇(D.lini)、奥尼氏果蝇(D.ogumai)、拟嗜凤梨果蝇(D.pseudoananassae)和叔白颜果蝇(D.triauraria)5种果蝇有B染色体。本文确定了D.sp.likeelegans、D.sp.likenyinyii、D.sp.liketrapezifrons1、D.sp.liketakahashii、D.sp.liketrapezifrons2和D.sp.likeauraria等6个未描述种的核型和1个新记录种吉里果蝇(D.giriensis)的核型。本研究证明了在黑腹果蝇种组内、亚组内、种内和单雌系内的核型多样性,为果蝇遗传和进化提供了进一步的细胞学证据。 相似文献
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目的 探讨克罗恩病(CD)患者肠道菌群多样性变化。方法 收集8例确诊CD患者的粪便标本(CD组),以同期8例健康人群粪便作为对照组(CN组)。收集新鲜粪便样本提取DNA,并将样本进行PCR扩增,最终进行16S rRNA数据分析。结果 测序共获得990 890条高质量序列,CD组和CN组多样性指数Shannon 和Simpson比较差异有统计学意义(t=‒3.802和t=‒2.886,P<0.05)。OTUs(可操作分类学单位)比较韦恩图显示CD组共有7 437株菌种,而CN组共有7 744株菌种,其中3 438株菌种重叠。LDA差异贡献分析图提示CD患者肠道菌群以芽胞杆菌、变形菌、乳杆菌目、放线菌目、异常球菌纲、栖热菌目、假单胞菌目和交替单胞菌目等为主要特征差异细菌菌类,而CN组则以双歧杆菌目及双歧杆菌科,Odoribacteraceae、Christensenellaceae、弧菌目及弧菌科等为主要特征差异细菌菌类。据物种进化树的样本菌落分布图显示:两组样本厚壁菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门、疣微菌门、酸杆菌门和螺旋菌门占主要门类分布。CD组及CN组细菌科类分析结果:毛螺菌科、韦荣球菌科、瘤胃菌科、丹毒丝菌科、红蝽菌科、紫单胞菌科、双歧杆菌科、普雷沃菌科、拟杆菌科、产碱菌科和链球菌科在两组样本中共同存在。同时从该进化树可发现,CD组中红蝽菌科、产碱菌科、丹毒丝菌科和链球菌科相对于CN组优势丰度分布,而普雷沃菌科、拟杆菌科和双歧杆菌科比CN组丰度明显减少。此外,Dethiosulfovibrionaceae、丙酸杆菌科、盐单胞菌科、希万菌科等为CD组特有菌种。结论 CD组的菌群多样性明显少于CN组,CD组有其特有优势菌群。 相似文献
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目的 探讨适量摄入白兰地对健康大鼠生理功能及肠道菌群的影响。 方法 将15只雄性SD大鼠分为对照组(n=7)和白兰地组(n=8),分别以自来水和白兰地进行灌胃,剂量为3.3 mL/kg。灌胃8周后,测定大鼠体质量、体质量增长率、肝脏指数、肝脏抗氧化酶和血清生化指标,并观察肝脏病理切片。灌胃结束时,收集大鼠新鲜粪便样本,应用Illumina|MiSeq测序平台进行16S rRNA基因V3-V4区测序,分析其肠道微生物群落结构、丰富度、多样性及组间差异,同时,对大鼠肠道微生物与生理指标之间的相关性进行分析。 结果 白兰地组大鼠体质量、进食量、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素、肌酐/尿素和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇均显著低于对照组(t=2.856、1.152、4.144、4.320、3.393、3.495、3.666、2.223,均P结论 摄入白兰地对健康SD大鼠生长发育未产生不良影响,也未对大鼠肝脏和肾脏造成损伤,但可显著减缓大鼠体质量增长,且对大鼠某些肠道菌群的丰富度和组成产生一定的影响。 相似文献
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目的探讨腰椎后路手术患者肠道菌群的变化以期更合理的指导临床治疗。方法选择58例腰椎后路手术患者,出现肠道菌群失调症者38例,未出现肠道菌群失调症的20例作为对照组。在腰椎后路手术后,分别取2组患者自然排出的新鲜粪便10 g,采用定性定量检测比较2组患者肠道主要菌群差异及B/E值。肠道菌群失调症患者且与手术前自然排出的新鲜粪便进行相同比较。结果试验组肠道的双歧杆菌、类杆菌数量及B/E值较对照组均减少,分别是:9.21±0.65 vs 10.12±0.85;10.02±0.45 vs 10.23±0.45;1.05±0.17 vs 6.99±1.24,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而肠杆菌、肠球菌数量较对照组增加,分别是:9.11±1.09 vs 8.55±0.89;7.80±1.02vs 7.29±0.98,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。小梭菌、乳杆菌与对照组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肠道菌群失调症患者与手术前进行比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腰椎后路手术出现肠道菌群失调患者专性厌氧菌减少,条件致病菌增加,肠道微生物定植抗力下降。正确及时地去除病因,尽可能地采取微创手术技术,减少医源性损伤,调整机体免疫功能,纠正营养不良,合理使用抗生素是解决腰椎后路手术患者肠道功能障碍的有效办法。 相似文献
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高盐摄入不仅会带来高血压、糖尿病、自身免疫病等风险,而且会对大脑产生负面影响。可变剪接(Alternative Splicing,AS)作为基因表达调控的重要方式,其导致单个基因编码多种蛋白质,大大增加基因组编码的蛋白质的多样性,参与几乎所有的生物学过程。但是,关于高盐摄入是否改变神经系统中基因的可变剪接事件目前还未报道。本文以黑腹果蝇作为材料,利用RNA测序分析其头部响应高盐摄入的基因可变剪接变化。结果发现高盐摄入改变黑腹果蝇头部信号转导、离子稳态、离子通道活性、离子转运和钙调蛋白结合等重要信号相关基因的可变剪接。进一步分析具体发生变化的基因的功能,发现它们在多个层面对神经系统功能的调控起着重要的作用。该研究证明高盐摄入改变神经系统重要基因的可变剪接,为理解高盐摄入对神经系统的影响提供更多的依据和线索。 相似文献
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目的 初步探究急性心肌梗死患者肠道菌群的多样性。方法 选择2015年6月至2016年3月于大连大学附属中山医院住院治疗的急性心肌梗死患者作为观察组,年龄51~70岁。选择同期经冠脉造影排除冠心病的住院患者为对照组,年龄51~70岁。排除近1个月内发生感染、炎性肠病及应用抗生素的患者。所有患者按性别与年龄分为A、B、C、D组。直接从患者粪便标本中提取细菌总DNA,PCR扩增后进行梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析。结果 DGGE分析显示急性心梗患者肠道菌群丰度均较对照组下降。A组中观察组与对照组患者电泳条带数为(33.71±4.39) vs (38.71±2.56),t=-2.058,P=0.040;C组患者为(31.14±2.67) vs (35.29±3.55),t=-2.005,P=0.045;差异均具有统计学意义。B与D组中心梗患者肠道菌群丰度亦有下降趋势,但与对照组比差异无统计学意义。UPGAM法聚类分析显示除D组外,各组中观察组与对照组患者肠道菌群呈现分离现象;急性心梗患者肠道菌群有较高相似性,与非冠心病患者肠道菌群差异明显。结论 急性心梗与非冠心病患者肠道菌群存在差异,急性心梗患者肠道菌群多样性较低。肠道菌群改变可能与急性心肌梗死存在一定相关性。 相似文献
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目的 探究阳离子化牛血清白蛋白(C-BSA)慢性肾炎大鼠肠道菌群结构变化并对其代谢功能进行预测。方法 20只SD大鼠分为正常组和模型组各10只,模型组参照Border造模方法尾静脉注射C-BSA造模,6周后测定24 h尿蛋白、血清肌酐和尿素氮水平。取大鼠结肠和肾脏观察病理切片。收集大鼠粪样运用MiSeq平台进行16S rRNA测序。结果 正常组与模型组大鼠24 h尿蛋白含量、血清肌酐和尿素氮差异均存在统计学意义(均P<0.01),模型组大鼠肾小球增大,毛细血管变窄,肠上皮损伤,发生炎性浸润。模型组大鼠普氏菌属、毛螺旋菌属相对丰度较高,且氨基酸代谢、维生素代谢和脂质代谢能力减弱。结论 C-BSA肾炎的发生不仅改变肠道菌群结构,而且影响机体代谢功能。 相似文献
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Heinrich Jasper 《Invertebrate reproduction & development.》2015,59(1):51-58
The gastrointestinal tract, due to its role as a digestive organ and as a barrier between the exterior and interior milieus, is critically impacted by dietary, environmental, and inflammatory conditions that influence health and lifespan. Work in flies is now uncovering the multifaceted molecular mechanisms that control homeostasis in this tissue, and establishing its central role in health and lifespan of metazoans. The Drosophila intestine has thus emerged as a productive, genetically accessible model to study various aspects of the pathophysiology of aging. Studies in flies have characterized the maintenance of regenerative homeostasis, the development of immune senescence, the loss of epithelial barrier function, the decline in metabolic homeostasis, as well as the maintenance of epithelial diversity in this tissue. Due to its fundamental similarity to vertebrate intestines, it can be anticipated that findings obtained in this system will have important implications for our understanding of age-related changes in the human intestine. Here, I review recent studies exploring age-related changes in the fly intestine, and their insight into the regulation of health and lifespan of the animal. 相似文献
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Simone Zuccotti Camillo Rosano Matteo Ramazzotti Donatella Degl'Innocenti Massimo Stefani Giampaolo Manao Martino Bolognesi 《Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Structural Biology》2004,60(6):1177-1179
Analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster EST database led to the discovery and cloning of a novel acylphosphatase. The CG18505 gene coding for a new enzyme (AcPDro2) is clearly distinct from the previously described CG16870Acyp gene, which also codes for a D. melanogaster acylphosphatase (AcPDro). The putative catalytic residues, together with residues held to stabilize the acylphosphatase fold, are conserved in the two encoded proteins. Crystals of AcPDro2, which belong to the trigonal space group P3121, with unit‐cell parameters a = b = 45.8, c = 98.6 Å, γ = 120°, allowed the solution of the protein structure by molecular replacement and its refinement to 1.5 Å resolution. The AcPDro2 active‐site structure is discussed. 相似文献
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《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(12):103422
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a risk to develop metabolic-chronic degenerative disease, it is important to find natural alternatives to help decrease the risk. Mexican oregano has a traditional use in Mexican food, moreover, has pharmacologic effects that can help to reduce risk the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of Mexican oregano ethanolic extract in metabolic syndrome in murine model.Ethanolic extract of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) stem (Ext) had a favorable effect on biochemical markers in a murine model of MetS, induced by injection of monosodium glutamate (MSG). From newborn female mice, two groups were formed: control and the MSG groups, which received a dosage of 2 mg/kg of MSG via subcutaneous injection at the second and fourth postnatal day (PD 2,4), and 4 mg/kg at the PD 6, 8, 10 to induce obesity. On week 13, a part of the MSG group received Ext (group MSG + Ext) at 300 mg/kg, administered orally daily from week 13 to week 18. The results indicated that ethanolic extract of Lippia graveolens stem decreases the percentage of body fat, waist circumference, and body weight gain as well as cholesterol, serum triglyceride concentrations and systolic and diastolic pressure. Insulin and leptin hormone values showed a significant effect with the Ext administration. However, hepatic lipoperoxidation levels of MSG and MSG + Ext groups did not show any statistically significant differences between them, both being higher than the control group. Taking in consideration the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that the administration of Ext had a beneficial effect in the murine model with MetS. This is the first study demonstrating the potential of the polar fraction Lippia graveolens stem in MetS. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an extremely low‐frequency 50 Hz magnetic field (ELFMF) on the oviposition and development of Drosophila melanogaster. The results show that exposure of D. melanogaster females of generation P and all the development stages of generation F1 to an ELFMF weakened the oviposition of these insects in their subsequent generations. Bioelectromagnetics 30:687–689, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Marta L. Wayne J. Brant Hackett Trudy F. C. Mackay 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1997,51(4):1156-1163
The number of ovarioles of the Drosophila melanogaster ovary is a trait thought to be associated with female fecundity, and therefore is expected to be under strong natural selection. This hypothesis may be tested by examining patterns of genetic and environmental variation for ovariole number in natural populations, and by determining the association between ovariole number and fitness in isogenic lines derived from a natural population. We measured ovariole number, and competitive fitness and its components, for 48 homozygous chromosome 3 substitution lines in a standard inbred background; and body size in a sample of 15 chromosome 3 substitution lines. We found significant segregating genetic variation for ovariole number, with a broad-sense heritability (H2) of 0.403 and correspondingly high coefficients of genetic variation (CVC = 20.8) and residual variation (CVR = 25.3). Estimates of quantitative genetic parameters for body size (H2 = 0.191, CVG = 2.15, and CVR = 3.87) are similar to those previously reported for this trait. Although the isogenic chromosome 3 substitution lines varied significantly for components of fitness, there was no significant linear or quadratic association of ovariole number and body size with fitness. There was, however, highly significant sex × genotype interaction for fitness among these lines. This special case of genotype × environment interaction for fitness may contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation for fitness in natural populations. 相似文献
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Mutations in the Third chromosome resistance (Tcr; 3-39.6) gene confer dominant resistance to α-methyl dopa and suggest the
gene is involved in catecholamine metabolism. Evidence for involvement in catecholamine metabolism comes from the three phenotypes
associated with the mutant Tcr chromosomes dominant resistance, dominant rescue of partially complementing l(2)amd alleles,
and recessive lethal phenotypes. Only dominant resistance to αs-methyl dopa, however, was mapped to the Tcr locus. Both recessive
lethality and dominant rescue of l(2)amd alleles have now been mapped to the Tcr gene and, through the isolation of a new
deletion in the region, we demonstrate these phenotypes are due to a loss of Tcr function. This deletion places the Tcr gene
in the 69B4-5 to 69C8-11 region. Additionally, we have tested and verified three predictions of the biochemical model proposed
by Bishop, Sherald, and Wright (1989) for the function of the Tcr protein.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献