Skeletal muscle HIF-1alpha expression is dependent on muscle fiber type

Oxygen homeostasis is an essential regulation system for cell energy production and survival. The oxygen-sensitive subunit alpha of the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) complex is a key protein of this system. In this work, we analyzed mouse and rat HIF-1alpha protein and mRNA expression in parallel to energetic metabolism variations within skeletal muscle. Two physiological situations were studied using HIF-1alpha-specific Western blotting and semiquantitative RT-PCR. First, we compared HIF-1alpha expression between the predominantly oxidative soleus muscle and three predominantly glycolytic muscles. Second, HIF-1alpha expression was assessed in an energy metabolism switch model that was based on muscle disuse. These two in vivo situations were compared with the in vitro HIF-1alpha induction by CoCl(2) treatment on C(2)C(12) mouse muscle cells. HIF-1alpha mRNA and protein levels were found to be constitutively higher in the more glycolytic muscles compared with the more oxidative muscles. Our results gave rise to the hypothesis that the oxygen homeostasis regulation system depends on the fiber type.     

低氧诱导因子-1的转录活性调控及其信号传导

低氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia-inducible factor-1,HIF-1)是氧平衡调控相关的转录因子.依赖HIF-1的基因表达调控系统广泛影响葡萄糖代谢、细胞增殖、凋亡和血管发生,与机体低氧适应、胚胎发育、各种缺血性疾病及肿瘤相关.HIF-1自身活性调节是低氧应答基因表达调控的中心环节.调控主要发生在源于Ras的两条信号途径：Ras/Raf/MEK介导的HIF-1反式激活功能调控,PI(3)K/Akt依赖的HIF-1alpha蛋白稳定性调控.这两个信号传导途径分别独立又协调地调控着HIF-1的转录活性.     

人HIF—1α的腺病毒表达载体的构建与分析

低氧诱导因子 1(hypoxiainduciblefactor 1,HIF 1)是由HIF 1α和HIF 1β组成的异源二聚体转录因子 ,在细胞的氧平衡过程中起重要作用。在应答低氧信号时 ,HIF 1α亚基表达水平上调 ,并通过激活参与细胞能量代谢、红血细胞生成以及血管生成的靶基因表达 ,达到保护局部缺 贫血细胞免于凋亡或死亡 ,而后者则是临床上影响大脑和脊椎神经损伤恢复的主要原因。为了达到基因治疗急性神经损伤的目的 ,我们构建了表达HIF 1α的重组腺病毒载体。实验表明 ,重组腺病毒可以在大肠杆菌中组装 ,并在HEK2 93T细胞中包装。包装后的HIF 1α重组腺病毒载体的病毒感染效率为 2× 10 1 3CFU ,外源基因HIF 1α在He1a细胞中的表达 6h后达到峰值。目前正在开展建立在此基础上的急性神经损伤动物模型试验。     

Reactive oxygen species attenuate nitric-oxide-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha stabilization

Tissue hypoxia/ischemia are major pathophysiological determinants. Conditions of decreased oxygen availability provoke accumulation and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Recent reports demonstrate a crucial role of HIF-1 for inflammatory events. Regulation of hypoxic responses by the inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is believed to be of pathophysiolgical relevance. It is reported that hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha can be antagonized by NO due to its ability to attenuate mitochondrial electron transport. Likely, the formation of ROS could contribute to this effect. As conflicting results emerged from several studies showing either decreased or increased ROS production during hypoxia, we used experiments mimicking hypoxic intracellular ROS changes by using the redox cycling agent 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ), which generates superoxide inside cells. Treatment of A549, HEK293, HepG2, and COS cells with DMNQ resulted in a concentration-dependent raise in ROS which correlated with HIF-1alpha accumulation. By using a HIF-1alpha-von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein binding assay, we show that ROS produced by DMNQ impaired prolyl hydroxylase activity. When HIF-1alpha is stabilized by NO, low concentrations of DMNQ (<1 microM) revealed no effect, intermediate concentrations of 1 to 40 microM DMNQ attenuated HIF-1alpha accumulation and higher concentrations of DMNQ promoted HIF-1alpha stability. Attenuation of NO-induced HIF-1alpha stability regulation by ROS was mediated by an active proteasomal degradation pathway. In conclusion, we propose that scavenging of NO by ROS and vice versa attenuate HIF-1alpha accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. This is important to fully elucidate HIF-1alpha regulation under inflammatory conditions.