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为更精准地掌握浙江沿岸春秋季小黄鱼生长动态,本文利用2014—2019年春季(4月)和秋季(11月)在浙江沿岸海域底拖网调查资料,通过构建一个广义线性模型(GLM)和9个线性混合效应模型(LMEM)来研究小黄鱼生长的异质性。结果表明:小黄鱼平均体长为124.12 mm(15～210 mm),优势组为110～140 mm;平均体重为33.28 g(0.04～156.2 g),优势组为30～50 g。根据AIC最小准则,同时具有季节和水域对生长参数a、b随机效应的LMEM模型最优,且交叉验证的结果也表明此模型的预测效果最佳。在最优模型中,生长参数a的固定值为0.61×10-4,加入季节和水域随机效应后a值为0.32×10-4～1.91×10-4,b的固定值为2.73,加入季节和水域随机效应后b值范围为2.49～2.86,表明小黄鱼为负异速生长,季节和水域对小黄鱼体长与体重关系有显著影响。从季节上来看,春季小黄鱼生长速度快于秋季,从水域分布来看,离岸距离越短的水域小黄鱼生长速度越快。 相似文献
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基于2008-2010年黄海南部近海(SYS)、东海北部外海(NECS)和东海中部近海(MECS)小黄鱼体长和体质量数据,采用均值回归和分位数回归模型,解析了小黄鱼幼鱼和成鱼群体体长-体质量关系的空间变异.结果表明: 协方差模型和线性混合模型的残差标准误基本一致,线性模型残差标准误最高.从线性混合模型对特定区域和总体区域平均体质量计算的相对比值来看,SYS和NECS幼鱼群体的平均体质量高于总体平均值,但MECS低于总体平均值;成鱼群体则为NECS平均体质量高于总体平均值,MECS和SYS低于总体平均值.分位回归估计的肥满度和异速生长指数结果显示,幼鱼群体在不同分位的估计参数呈显著变化,SYS异速生长指数均值为2.85,在0.1~0.95分位的估计值变化范围为2.63~2.96.MECS和NECS参数估计值和置信区间在各分位数呈异质性变化,低分位时,NECS估计值在3个调查区域中最低,MECS最高;高分位时,MECS和NECS均高于SYS.对低分位0.25、中分位0.5和高分位0.75分位数的异速体长体质量关系的方差分析结果显示,低分位和高分位数之间体长 体质量关系极为显著(0.25∶0.75,F=6.38,df=1737,P<0.01),低分位数和中分位数之间为显著(0.25∶0.5,F=2.35,df=1737,P=0.039),中分位数和高分位数之间接近显著(0.5∶0.75,F=2.21,df=1737,P=0.051).成鱼群体SYS异速生长指数均值为3.01,在0.1~0.95分位的估计值变化范围为2.77~3.10.低分位和高分位数之间体长 体质量关系差异达到显著水平(0.25∶0.75,F=3.31,df=2793,P=0.01),低分位和中分位之间差异不显著(0.25∶0.5,F=0.98,df=2793,P=0.43),而高分位和中分位之间则差异极显著(0.5∶0.75,F=3.56,df=2793,P<0.01). 相似文献
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浙江南部近海小黄鱼资源分布及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据2015—2016年浙江南部近海4个航次的底拖网资源调查数据,利用广义可加模型分析了调查期内小黄鱼资源的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明:浙江南部近海的小黄鱼资源主要集中在鱼山渔场,夏季为小黄鱼资源的高产期,站点平均资源密度达到500.74 kg·h-1·km-2.不同季节影响小黄鱼资源密度及其分布的环境因子各不相同.其中,环境因子对秋季小黄鱼资源密度的影响效果并不显著.春季,小黄鱼主要分布于水深较浅的高盐水域;夏季,水温和盐度均与小黄鱼资源密度呈负相关关系,小黄鱼主要分布于中温高盐的鱼山海域;冬季,水温与资源密度呈正相关,小黄鱼栖息于水温适宜的外侧站点水域.总体上,小黄鱼资源的分布特征符合其洄游习性,但个别环境因子与资源密度的关系难以解释,仍需进一步研究.研究结果有助于了解浙江南部近海小黄鱼群体的生活习性,以及对小黄鱼资源的养护和管理. 相似文献
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根据2003～2005年和2007年4月份在黄海南部和东海海域进行的底拖网调查数据,分析了小黄鱼产卵场分布和产卵场环境特征等.结果表明,目前小黄鱼产卵场范围较过去有扩大,范围已经扩展到外海海域,产卵场可分为黄海南部产卵场和东海产卵场;其中黄海南部产卵场主要集中在33°00′～34°00′N,122°30′～124°00′E,产卵场最适水温范围为9.65～12.17℃,最适盐度范围为32.25～34.54,最适水深范围为29.74～76.49m;东海产卵场主要集中在30°30′～31°00′N,124°00′～125°00′E海域和30°30′～32°30′N,125°00′～126°00′E海域,产卵场最适水温范围为10.13～16.64℃,最适盐度范围为32.50～34.37,最适水深范围为40.23～85.61m;黄海南部和东海产卵场水温分布差异极显著(P<0.01);小黄鱼产卵场较过去发生较大变化的主要原因可能是在过度捕捞等扰动因素的影响下,小黄鱼对环境适应性明显提高. 相似文献
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亲体量和环境对东海小黄鱼补充成功率的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
补充成功率通常可用多个假说机制进行解释,模型选择方法通过选择最优模型而支持某种特定假说.然而,由于忽略模型不确定性,将单一模型结果应用到衰退种类的资源管理或许并不是行之有效的方案.本研究利用1992—2012年东海区海洋渔业统计、渔业资源监测和渔业资源同步调查获得的小黄鱼亲体量丰度、补充量丰度资料,以及同年东海北部5—8月海表温度(SST)、经向风应力(MWS)、纬向风应力(ZWS)、海平面气压(SSP)和长江径流量(RCR)等水文环境数据,采用AIC、最大校正R2和变量显著性3种独立的模型选择方法对竞争模型进行优化,根据模型选择结果探寻影响小黄鱼补充成功率的显著因素.同时,采用贝叶斯模型平均(BMA)方法,在模型不确定性假设背景下对多种变量进行了概率集成.选取平均绝对误差、均方预测误差和连续排序概率评分3种概率检验方法评估贝叶斯模型平均方法和标准模型选择方法的预报系统的整体性能.结果表明:3种模型选择方法获得的模型形式并不一致,AIC选择的预测变量有亲体量和经向风应力,变量显著性方法为亲体量,最大校正R2为亲体量、经向风应力和长江径流量.亲体量与补充成功率为显著负线性关系(P<0.01),表明种群可能通过自相蚕食、饵料竞争等过度补偿效应控制补充成功率;经向风应力强度和长江径流分别对补充成功率有近似显著的正效应(P=0.06)和负效应影响(P=0.07).在平均绝对误差和连续排序概率评分分析指标中,贝叶斯模型平均方法均最小,变量显著性方法最大,最大校正R2模型在均方预测误差中估计精度最高.基于贝叶斯模型平均的亲体-补充量集成预报不仅可以提供精度较高的预报均值,而且可以通过概率分布定量评价模型预报的不确定性. 相似文献
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环境因子对黄海南部春季帆张网小黄鱼和黄鮟鱇渔获分布的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
帆张网渔业是黄海南部重要的渔业捕捞方式之一.本文根据2006-2009年春季黄海南部帆张网的渔获数据,利用广义线性模型(GLM)和广义加性模型(GAM)定量研究了年份、位置、水深和海水表层温度(SST)对小黄鱼和黄鮟鱇渔获量分布的影响.结果表明:GAM模型较GLM模型可以更好地解释小黄鱼和黄鮟鱇单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)时空分布与环境因子之间的关系.小黄鱼和黄鮟鱇CPUE呈显著负相关,小黄鱼CPUE呈现由北向南沿纬度方向逐渐减小的趋势,尤其在长江口周围较小;黄鮟鱇CPUE在长江口附近也较小.SST对小黄鱼和黄鮟鱇CPUE的影响显著,小黄鱼和黄鮟鱇适宜表温范围分别为9～11℃和9～14℃. 相似文献
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为探究高黎贡山中山湿性常绿阔叶林4 hm2内胸径(DBH) <1 cm的幼苗多度的关键影响因素,利用广义线性混合模型在群落水平和物种水平分析邻体密度和生境因子是否影响幼苗多度,制约强度是否因时间而异。结果显示：(1) 群落水平上的总物种幼苗多度与邻体密度和生境因子的相关性随时间增加;常见种幼苗多度与异种大树邻体密度正相关呈显著增加趋势,与环境因子无相关性;稀有种幼苗多度与邻体密度和环境因子均无显著性。(2) 在物种水平上,聚果九节Psychotria morindoides幼苗多度仅在2022年与海拔和凸度分别呈边缘显著负相关和正相关;邻体效应和环境异种性对针齿铁仔Myrsine semiserrata幼苗多度在2020～2023年有显著正效应,表明存在正密度制约效应;在较高林冠开度、海拔和土壤含钾生境下,幼苗多度较高;而铜绿山矾Symplocos stellaris var. aenea幼苗多度在4个时段与邻体密度和环境因子均无显著相关性。研究表明,高黎贡山幼苗多度格局同时受到邻体密度和生境因子影响,这种影响强度在不同水平、物种和时空格局中差异显著,影响因素的相对重要性维持着该样地群落多样性。 相似文献
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为探讨木本植物幼苗动态的影响因素,从功能性状多样性、系统发育多样性和环境过滤3个方面分析其对幼苗平均存活率和平均生长率的影响及其在不同幼苗密度样地间的动态变化。在云南苍山西坡4个不同幼苗密度的样地平台,设置了256个幼苗样方,收集了2020—2022年3年的幼苗数据并结合线性混合模型进行分析。结果表明,幼苗平均存活率受到功能性状多样性和系统发育多样性的影响,在低幼苗密度样地中功能性状多样性和系统发育多样性对幼苗平均存活具有显著正作用。幼苗平均生长率主要受到系统发育多样性和环境过滤的影响,在高幼苗密度样地中系统发育多样性呈显著负作用,低样方坡度和高土壤湿度是幼苗生长的关键因素。标准化系统发育多样性指数在低幼苗密度样地中较高,而功能分散性指数在高幼苗密度样地中较高。这为幼苗动态的理解和预测提供了新的视角和方法,也为森林的恢复和保护提供了实践指导。 相似文献
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基于非线性混合模型的红松人工林枝条生长 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于黑龙江省孟家岗林场36株红松人工林的枝解析数据,以单分子式和理查德方程作为枝条基径(BD)和枝长(BL)生长模型,分别考虑样地效应和样木效应,利用SAS软件的PROC NLMIXED模块构建了枝条基径和枝长生长的非线性混合模型.采用Akaike信息准则(AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)、对数似然值(-2Log likelihood)和似然比检验(LRT)等评价指标对所构建模型的精度进行比较.结果表明:当考虑样地效应时,α1、α3和β1、β3分别作为随机参数时基径和枝长生长模型拟合效果最好;当考虑样木效应影响时,α2、α3和β1、β3分别作为随机参数时基径和枝长生长模型拟合效果最好.非线性混合模型不但可反映枝生长总体平均变化趋势,还能反映个体之间的差异.无论考虑样地效应还是样木效应,非线性混合模型的拟合精度都比传统回归模型的拟合精度高,并且考虑样木效应的拟合精度高于考虑样地效应的拟合精度. 相似文献
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M. Yoneda ¶ M. Tokimura † H. Fujita ‡ N. Takeshita K. Takeshita M. Matsuyama S. Matsuura 《Journal of fish biology》1998,53(1):164-178
The reproductive cycle and sexual maturity of the anglerfish Lophiomus setigerus were examined. Spermatids were released from the germinal cysts into the lumina of the seminal lobules, and both spermatids and spermatozoa were present in the lumina of the seminal lobules and sperm ducts. Spermatogenesis and vitellogenesis occurred throughout most of the year. The testes of males were full of spermatozoa throughout the year, with spawning from May to November. Males and females reached sexual maturity at a mean total length and age of 178 mm, 3.3 years and 303 mm, 6.1 years, respectively. There were clear seasonal cycles in the gonadosomatic index (IG ) and hepatosomatic index ( I H ) in females. The mean IG of females increased rapidly with ovarian development while the mean I H decreased from the middle of vitellogenesis to final maturation. Mean values of I G and I H in males increased with testicular development. 相似文献
13.
Phylogenetic diversity of Synechococcus strains isolated from the East China Sea and the East Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Phylogenetic relationships among 33 Synechococcus strains isolated from the East China Sea (ECS) and the East Sea (ES) were studied based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 16S–23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Pigment patterns of the culture strains were also examined. Based on 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequence phylogenies, the Synechococcus isolates were clustered into 10 clades, among which eight were previously identified and two were novel. Half of the culture strains belonged to clade V or VI. All strains that clustered into novel clades exhibited both phycoerythrobilin and phycourobilin. Interestingly, the pigment compositions of isolates belonging to clades V and VI differed from those reported for other oceanic regions. None of the isolates in clade V showed phycourobilin, whereas strains in clade VI exhibited both phycourobilin and phycoerythrobilin, which is in contrast to previous studies. The presence of novel lineages and the different pigment patterns in the ECS and the ES suggests the possibility that some Synechococcus lineages are distributed only in geographically restricted areas and have evolved in these regions. Therefore, further elucidation of the physiological, ecological, and genetic characteristics of the diverse Synechococcus strains is required to understand their spatial and geographical distribution. 相似文献
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为了筛选与大黄鱼生长性状紧密相关的分子标记,并对这些标记的有效性进行鉴定,研究以大黄鱼家系和群体为材料,经标记筛选、两次验证共三个步骤,找到2个与大黄鱼生长性状紧密相关的微卫星标记：LYC0088和LYC0143,其中LYC0088与体高、体质量均极显著相关（P0.01）,与体长显著相关（P0.05）,LYC0143与体长和体质量显著相关（P0.05）,与体高的相关性极显著（P0.01）。LYC0088与LYC0143位点的优势等位基因分别为E、A,优势等位基因型均为AB,优势等位基因型组合为AB/AB,两个位点呈加性效应。该结果为开展大黄鱼分子标记辅助育种提供了有价值的遗传标记。 相似文献
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Intense fishing pressure and climate change are major threats to the fish population and coastal fisheries. Larimichthys crocea (large yellow croaker) is a long‐lived fish, which performs seasonal migrations from its spawning and nursery grounds along the coast of the East China Sea (ECS) to overwintering grounds offshore. This study used length‐based analysis and habitat suitability index (HSI) model to evaluate the current life‐history parameters and overwintering habitat suitability of L. crocea, respectively. We compared recent (2019) and historical (1971–1982) life‐history parameters and overwintering HSI to analyze the fishing pressure and climate change effects on the overall population and overwintering phase of L. crocea. The length‐based analysis indicated serious overfishing of L. crocea, characterized by reduced catch, size truncation, constrained distribution, and advanced maturation causing a recruitment bottleneck. The overwintering HSI modeling results indicated that climate change has led to decreased sea surface temperature during L. crocea overwintering phase over the last half‐century, which in turn led to area decrease and an offshore‐oriented shifting of optimal overwintering habitat of L. crocea. The fishing‐caused size truncation may have constrained the migratory ability, and distribution of L. crocea subsequently led to the mismatch of the optimal overwintering habitat against climate change background, namely habitat bottleneck. Hence, while heavy fishing was the major cause of L. crocea collapse, climate‐induced overwintering habitat suitability may have intensified the fishery collapse of L. crocea population. It is important for management to consider both overfishing and climate change issues when developing stock enhancement activities and policy regulations, particularly for migratory long‐lived fish that share a similar life history to L. crocea. Combined with China''s current restocking and stock enhancement initiatives, we propose recommendations for the future restocking of L. crocea in China. 相似文献
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Stomach contents of 1603 small yellow croaker Pseudosciaena polyactis , sampled from seasonal bottom trawl surveys in the central Yellow Sea between March 2001 and January 2002, were examined. The results showed that small yellow croaker was a carnivorous predator and >30 prey species were identified from stomach contents analysis. Crustaceans (mainly euphausiids and decapods) were the most important prey, occurring in 93·1% of the stomachs containing food, and accounting for 77·6% of the total food by mass. Feeding activity was highest in autumn and lowest in spring and winter. Decapods were more important in summer, whereas euphausiids were more important during other seasons. Ontogenetic differences were found in the diet composition and feeding activity within the range of size (standard length, L S ) studied. The importance of fishes and decapods increased with L S , whereas euphausiids, copepods and amphipods decreased in importance with L S . Dietary breadth increased markedly for adults. A positive relationship was found between L S and prey size. In each season the maximum diel feeding activity occurred at 0800 and 2400 hours, indicating that there was crepuscular and nocturnal feeding by small yellow croaker. 相似文献
17.
《农业工程》2014,34(2):92-97
Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) are an important pelagic fish species within the China Sea. Annual recruitment of this species is determined primarily by survival in the early life history stages. Minor changes in the physical marine environment can have a significant effect on the growth and survival of eggs and larvae, thereby affecting recruitment of population. To model this interaction, we constructed a bio-physical dynamic model of the early life history of chub mackerel in the East China Sea (ECS). The physical model was based on the unstructured grid Finite Volume Coast and Ocean Model (FVCOM) and simulated the 3-D physical fields. The biological model was based on individual-based models (IBMs) in which the early life stages of chub mackerel were divided into five stages based on age or length. The model was parameterized using functions describing spawning, growth, and survival for chub mackerel in the ECS. Using this coupled physical and biological model, driven by the March–July climatological forcing, we tracked super individuals from spawning grounds to the nursery grounds to evaluate the influence of the physical environment at each of the spawning locations (western, normal, eastern) on the transport and survival of chub mackerel. The model suggests that spawning location has a significant effect on larval transport, although the larvae were generally advected northeastward to enter the Japan/East Sea through the Tsushima/East Strait or southeastward with the Kuroshio Current which then flows along the eastern Japanese coast. Spawning to the west was highly influenced by the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) during early transport when the larvae were advected northward and then northeastward. The speed of drifting during this period was relatively slow. The model predicted that a large number of eggs and larvae would enter and transit through China’s coastal waters (Changjiang River Estuary, Hangzhou Bay, and the Zhoushan Islands). Under this scenario, the majority of larvae were transported to the northern nursery grounds, 79% to the nursery at Jeju Island and 10% to the nursery at Tsushima Strait. In contrast, only 11% were transported to the southern nursery grounds in the Pacific Ocean and Kyushu. Larvae spawned at the eastern spawning ground were primarily influenced by the Kuroshio Current which transported the larvae southeastward. Kuroshio acts as a barrier, restricting larvae from being advected to the interior of the western Pacific Ocean. Under such circumstances, almost no eggs and larvae were retained in the coastal waters of China. Instead, the larvae were rapidly transported northeastward from the Chinese shelf towards the coast of Japan. The model predicted that a large number of larvae would be transported to the southern nursery grounds in the Pacific Ocean and Kyushu, before entering the Pacific Ocean and Japan Sea. In total, 36% of larvae were transported to the Pacific Ocean nursery, 45% to the northern nursery grounds of Jeju Island and Tsushima Strait, and 27% to the Jeju Island nursery. The three simulations assumed the same number of eggs were spawned (2.17 × 1012) and the survival of larvae at the western, normal, and eastern spawning grounds was 0.0306%, 0.0353%, and 0.0234%, respectively. The average length was 123.7, 126.0, and 123.5 mm, respectively. Our results suggest that larvae spawned in different regions encountered different physical environments and were subject to different transport processes. These differences explain the changes in survival and growth observed between larvae from the different areas. Survival and growth was highest for chub mackerel that were spawned at the normal spawning location and subject to suitable water depths and temperatures during transport. 相似文献