早产儿血清炎性因子与生长发育指标的关系及对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的预测研究

摘要 目的：分析早产儿血清炎性因子与生长发育指标的关系及对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）的预测效能。方法：选择2018年1月至2020年10月在我院出生的98例早产儿作为研究对象,根据是否并发RDS,分为RDS组（58例）和非RDS组（40例）。检测两组血清白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、降钙素原（PCT）水平,记录生长发育指标,通过Pearson相关性分析早产儿血清炎性因子与生长发育指标的关系,使用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析血清炎性因子对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的预测效能。结果：RDS组血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、PCT水平均高于非RDS组（P＜0.05）;RDS组胎龄、出生体重均小于非RDS组（P＜0.05）;经Pearson相关性分析,早产儿血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、PCT水平均与胎龄、出生体重呈负相关（P＜0.05）;经多因素Logistic回归分析,IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、PCT均是早产儿并发新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）;经ROC曲线分析,IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α联合PCT预测早产儿并发新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的AUC为0.910。结论：早产儿血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α均与胎龄及出生体重密切相关,这些炎性因子联合预测RDS发生的效能较好,值得临床予以重视应用。     

葛根素注射液对糖尿病大鼠牙周炎的治疗效果及血清AGEs、炎性因子表达的影响

摘要 目的：分析葛根素注射液对糖尿病大鼠牙周炎的治疗效果及血清晚期糖基化终末产物（advanced glycosylation end products,AGEs）、炎性因子表达的影响。方法：随机选取10只大鼠作为正常对照组,另选40只建立糖尿病牙周炎大鼠,将建模成功的大鼠随机分成模型组、实验组和阳性组,每组10只。给药处理6周后,取血清检测AGEs、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、IL-8及肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）表达情况;取牙周组织观察压槽骨丧失程度。结果：与健康对照组相比,模型组大鼠胰岛素水平显著降低,血糖、AGEs、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平显著升高,压槽骨降低高度显著增大（P＜0.05）。与模型组相比,实验组和阳性组大鼠水平显著升高,血糖、AGEs、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平显著降低,压槽骨降低高度升高减小（P＜0.05）。结论：葛根素注射液可通过促进胰岛素表达,减少AGEs积聚,降低血糖及炎性因子IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的表达抑制糖尿病大鼠牙周炎的发展。     

YKL-40、CD4+/CD8+比值与腺病毒肺炎患儿炎性因子和并发喘息的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清壳多糖酶3样蛋白1（YKL-40）、外周血CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值与腺病毒肺炎（AP）患儿炎性因子和并发喘息的关系。方法：选取2019年10月～2022年10月湖北省妇幼保健院收治的97例AP患儿为AP组,根据是否并发喘息分别为喘息组和无喘息组,另选取同期50例体检健康儿童为对照组。收集AP患儿的临床资料,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清YKL-40和炎性因子[白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNFα）]水平,流式细胞术检测外周血CD4⁺、CD8⁺比例并计算CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值。采用Spearman相关性分析AP患儿血清YKL-40、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值与炎性因子水平的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析AP患儿并发喘息的影响因素。结果：与对照组比较,AP组血清YKL-40、外周血CD8⁺比例升高,CD4⁺比例、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值降低（P＜0.05）。AP组血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。Spearman相关性分析显示,AP患儿血清YKL-40与IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平呈正相关,外周血CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值与IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）。97例AP患儿住院期间喘息发生率为50.52%（49/97）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,呼吸衰竭、小气道病变、特应性体质和血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、YKL-40升高为AP患儿并发喘息的独立危险因素,外周血CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值升高为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。结论：AP患儿血清YKL-40水平升高和外周血CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值降低,与炎性因子水平升高和并发喘息密切相关。     

肛周脓肿术后应用痛痒消洗剂熏洗坐浴对创面愈合、肛门功能和血清炎性因子影响的临床研究

摘要 目的：观察肛周脓肿术后应用痛痒消洗剂熏洗坐浴对创面愈合、肛门功能和血清炎性因子的影响。方法：全部136例肛周脓肿术术后患者均来自于我院2019年9月~2021年7月期间收治的患者。按照双色球随机分组法将患者分为对照组（68例）和研究组（68例）。对照组接受常规治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上接受痛痒消洗剂熏洗坐浴,观察两组疗效、创面愈合情况、肛门功能和血清炎性因子变化,记录两组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果：研究组的临床总有效率优于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗7 d后,研究组创面缩小率高于对照组,手术创面肉芽生长评分、创面疼痛程度评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗3个月后,研究组肛管最大收缩压、肛管静息压大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗7 d后,研究组血清白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-8（IL-8）水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组均未见明显的不良反应发生。结论：肛周脓肿术后应用痛痒消洗剂熏洗坐浴,可促进创面愈合,减轻对肛门功能的损害,可能与痛痒消洗剂熏洗坐浴可有效降低血清炎性因子水平有关。     

化脓性牙髓炎患者血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α及CD14水平的变化及其临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨化脓性牙髓炎患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及白细胞分化抗原-14 (CD14)水平的变化及其临床意义。方法：选取2016年1月~2017年12月期间本院收治的110例化脓性牙髓炎患者为研究组,其中急性化脓性牙髓炎患者59例（急性组）,慢性化脓性牙髓炎患者51例（慢性组）,另选同期在我院进行健康检查的健康受试者50例为对照组。放射免疫分析法检测对照组体检时、研究组患者治疗前后血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α及CD14水平。Pearson相关性分析化脓性牙髓炎患者治疗前血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α与CD14水平的相关性。结果：研究组患者治疗前血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、CD14水平均高于对照组体检时各项指标水平,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。急性组患者治疗前后血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、CD14水平均高于慢性组患者(P<0.05);急性组、慢性组患者治疗后血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、CD14水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,化脓性牙髓炎患者治疗前血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α与CD14水平均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论：化脓性牙髓炎患者血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α及CD14均呈现高表达,可能参与了化脓性牙髓炎的发生、发展过程,经牙髓根管治疗后上述指标水平均降低,且CD14与血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-?琢呈正相关,可能作为评估化脓性牙髓炎病情的重要指标。     

风湿祛痛胶囊联合塞来昔布胶囊治疗强直性脊柱炎的疗效及对血液流变学和血清炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨强直性脊柱炎（AS）患者经风湿祛痛胶囊联合塞来昔布胶囊治疗后的疗效及对血液流变学和血清炎性因子的影响。方法：选取2014年8月-2021年12月在联勤保障部队第九八三医院治疗的80例AS患者。按照随机数字表法分为对照组（常规治疗及塞来昔布胶囊治疗，40例）和研究组（常规治疗及风湿祛痛胶囊联合塞来昔布胶囊治疗，40例），两组患者均治疗8周。对比两组血液流变学指标、血清炎性因子指标、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、C反应蛋白（CRP）、巴氏强直性脊柱炎疾病活动指数（BASDAI）评分、红细胞沉降率（ESR），同时记录两组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果：研究组治疗8周后BASDAI、VAS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗8周后CRP、ESR低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗8周后全血高切黏度、血浆黏度、全血低切黏度、红细胞压积低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗8周后白介素-23（IL-23）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）均低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：风湿祛痛胶囊联合塞来昔布胶囊治疗AS，可有效缓解患者的临床症状，抑制疾病进展，可能与调节血液流变学、降低炎性因子水平有关。     

血清MMP-9、TIMP-1、TNF-α及IL-10在未足月胎膜早破而早产产妇中的表达及临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1（TIMP-1）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）及白细胞介素-10（IL-10）在未足月胎膜早破而早产产妇血清中的表达及临床意义。方法：选择2016年5月-2017年9月期间本院收治的58例未足月胎膜早破而早产产妇作为研究组,另选择同期于本院行剖宫产手术的58例足月分娩产妇作为对照组。对比两组血清MMP-9、TIMP-1、TNF-α及IL-10水平,研究组根据胎膜胎盘病理检查结果分为合并绒毛膜羊膜炎亚组（n=30）、未合并绒毛膜羊膜炎亚组（n=28）,比较两亚组血清MMP-9、TIMP-1、TNF-α及IL-10水平。记录研究组与对照组的妊娠结局。结果：研究组血清MMP-9和TNF-α水平高于对照组,而TIMP-1和IL-10水平低于对照组（均P<0.05）。合并绒毛膜羊膜炎亚组血清MMP-9、TNF-α水平较未合并绒毛膜羊膜炎亚组升高,TIMP-1和IL-10水平较未合并绒毛膜羊膜炎亚组降低（均P<0.05）。研究组剖宫产、产后出血、新生儿肺炎发生率均高于对照组,新生儿Apgar评分低于对照组（均P<0.05）。结论：未足月胎膜早破而早产产妇血清MMP-9和TNF-α水平异常升高,TIMP-1和IL-10水平异常降低,检测产妇血清MMP-9、TNF-α、IL-10及TIMP-1有助于未足月胎膜早破而早产的诊断,且能够明确产妇的感染状态。     

冠心病患者血清IMA、cathepsin S、RBP4水平与炎性因子及心肌缺血程度的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）、组织蛋白酶S（cathepsin S）、视黄醇结合蛋白4（RBP4）水平与冠心病患者炎性因子、心肌缺血程度的相关性。方法：选择2017年2月至2019年10月我院收治的100例冠心病患者,根据心肌缺血程度分为稳定型心绞痛组（34例）、不稳定型心绞痛组（42例）、急性心肌梗死组（24例）。检测并比较患者血清IMA、cathepsin S、RBP4、炎性因子[白介素-6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]水平,分析IMA、cathepsin S、RBP4与炎性因子、SYNTAX积分的相关性,采用多元有序Logistic回归分析影响冠心病患者心肌缺血程度的因素。结果：冠心病患者心肌缺血程度越严重,血清IMA、cathepsin S、RBP4及炎性因子水平越高（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清IMA、cathepsin S、RBP4水平与炎性因子、SYNTAX积分均呈正相关（P＜0.05）。多元有序Logistic回归分析结果显示,高CRP、IMA、cathepsin S、RBP4水平是冠心病心肌缺血程度的影响因素（OR=1.702、1.183、1.881、2.003,P＜0.05）。结论：血清IMA、cathepsin S、RBP4水平与冠心病患者心肌缺血程度及炎性因子有关,IMA、cathepsin S、RBP4可能与炎症反应共同作用参与冠心病发病过程。     

利巴韦林喷雾剂联合小儿豉翘清热颗粒对手足口病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、血清免疫球蛋白指标和炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨利巴韦林喷雾剂联合小儿豉翘清热颗粒对手足口病（HFMD）患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、血清免疫球蛋白指标和炎性因子的影响。方法：选择2019年8月至2022年6月期间我院收治的HFMD患儿90例作为考察对象。按照双色球法将患儿分为对照组和研究组,各为45例。在常规治疗的基础上,对照组接受利巴韦林喷雾剂治疗,研究组接受利巴韦林喷雾剂联合小儿豉翘清热颗粒治疗。观察两组疗效、临床症状、血清免疫球蛋白指标、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群指标和炎性因子的变化,比较两组不良反应发生率。结果：与对照组的临床总有效率相比,研究组的明显更高（P<0.05）。研究组的退热时间、皮疹消失时间、口腔溃疡消退时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺升高,CD8⁺下降（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组,CD8⁺低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清免疫球蛋白（Ig）指标：IgA、IgM、IgG升高（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组IgA、IgM、IgG高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）下降（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论：利巴韦林喷雾剂联合小儿豉翘清热颗粒治疗HFMD患儿,可有效调节炎性因子水平和免疫功能,促进临床症状改善。     

温针灸联合腰部核心肌力训练对腰椎间盘突出症患者康复效果、生活质量以及血清炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨腰部核心肌力训练联合温针灸对腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）患者康复效果、生活质量以及血清炎性因子的影响。方法：选取我院于2017年3月~2019年3月期间收治的LDH患者117例，按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（n=58）、研究组（n=59），对照组患者予以常规康复训练，研究组则在对照组的基础上给予温针灸联合腰部核心肌力训练治疗，比较两组患者疗效、康复效果、生活质量以及血清炎性因子变化情况。结果：治疗4周后，研究组临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后血清白介素-1（IL-1）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平均下降，且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）、FairbankJC评分均降低，且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）；日本骨科协会评估治疗分数（JOA）评分升高，且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后躯体角色（RP）、情感角色（RE）、躯体功能（PF）、社会功能（SF）、总体健康（GH）、躯体疼痛（BP）、活力（VT）以及心理健康（MH）等维度评分均升高，且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：温针灸联合腰部核心肌力训练治疗LDH患者，可提高康复效果及生活质量，同时还可减轻炎性因子水平，疗效显著。     

Causality, randomness, intelligibility, and the epistemology of the cell

Because the basic unit of biology is the cell, biological knowledge is rooted in the epistemology of the cell, and because life is the salient characteristic of the cell, its epistemology must be centered on its livingness, not its constituent components. The organization and regulation of these components in the pursuit of life constitute the fundamental nature of the cell. Thus, regulation sits at the heart of biological knowledge of the cell and the extraordinary complexity of this regulation conditions the kind of knowledge that can be obtained, in particular, the representation and intelligibility of that knowledge. This paper is essentially split into two parts. The first part discusses the inadequacy of everyday intelligibility and intuition in science and the consequent need for scientific theories to be expressed mathematically without appeal to commonsense categories of understanding, such as causality. Having set the backdrop, the second part addresses biological knowledge. It briefly reviews modern scientific epistemology from a general perspective and then turns to the epistemology of the cell. In analogy with a multi-faceted factory, the cell utilizes a highly parallel distributed control system to maintain its organization and regulate its dynamical operation in the face of both internal and external changes. Hence, scientific knowledge is constituted by the mathematics of stochastic dynamical systems, which model the overall relational structure of the cell and how these structures evolve over time, stochasticity being a consequence of the need to ignore a large number of factors while modeling relatively few in an extremely complex environment.     

The parasitic chytrid, Zygorhizidium, facilitates the growth of the cladoceran zooplankter, Daphnia, in cultures of the inedible alga, Asterionella

In food-web studies, parasites are often ignored owing to their insignificant biomass. We provide evidence that parasites may affect trophic transfer in aquatic food webs. Many phytoplankton species are susceptible to parasitic fungi (chytrids). Chytrid infections of diatoms in lakes may reach epidemic proportions during diatom spring blooms, so that numerous free-swimming fungal zoospores (2-3 microm in diameter) are produced. Analysis shows that these zoospores are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols (particularly cholesterol), which indicates that they provide excellent food for zooplankters such as Daphnia. In life-table experiments using the large diatom Asterionella formosa as food, Daphnia growth increased significantly in treatments where a parasite was present. By grazing on the zoospores, Daphnia acquired important supplementary nutrients and were able to grow. When large inedible algae are infected by parasites, nutrients within the algal cells are consumed by these chytrids, some of which, in turn, are grazed by Daphnia. Thus, chytrids transfer energy and nutrients from their hosts to zooplankton. This study suggests that parasitic fungi alter trophic relationships in freshwater ecosystems and may be the important components in shaping the community and the food-web dynamics of lakes.     

Parallelism,parsimony, and the phytogeny of the lemuridae

In spite of the increasing popularity of cladistic methods in studies of primate systematics, few authors have investigated the effects of parallel evolution when such methods are applied to empirical data. To counter the effects of parallelism, cladistic techniques rely on the principle of evolutionary parsimony. When parsimony procedures are used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Lemuridae, nine highly parsimonious phylogenies can be deduced. Further choice among these competing hypotheses of relationship is determined by the extent to which one embraces the parsimony principle. The phylogeny obtained by the most rigorous adherence to the parsimony principle is one which is wholly consistent with traditional evolutionary classifications of the Lemuridae. Moderate levels of parallelism can lead to the generation of several plausible, alternative phylogenetic hypotheses; less than 25% of the characters analyzed here need have evolved in parallel, yet they are largely responsible for the ambiguity of the nine different lemurid phylogenies. This suggests that phylogeny reconstructions based entirely on cladistic methods do not provide a suitable basis for the construction of classifications for groups such as the order Primates, where the degree of parallelism is likely to be quite high.     

Distribution of the chalcone,isosalipurposide, in the onagraceae

Isosalipurposide was present in 13 species and absent from 27 other species of the Onagraceae.     

Ethology, Natural History, the Life Sciences, and the Problem of Place

Investigators of animal behavior since the eighteenth century have sought to make their work integral to the enterprises of natural history and/or the life sciences. In their efforts to do so, they have frequently based their claims of authority on the advantages offered by the special places where they have conducted their research. The zoo, the laboratory, and the field have been major settings for animal behavior studies. The issue of the relative advantages of these different sites has been a persistent one in the history of animal behavior studies up to and including the work of the ethologists of the twentieth century. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Expression, localization, structural, and functional characterization of pFGE, the paralog of the Calpha-formylglycine-generating enzyme

pFGE is the paralog of the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE), which catalyzes the oxidation of a specific cysteine to Calpha-formylglycine, the catalytic residue in the active site of sulfatases. The enzymatic activity of sulfatases depends on this posttranslational modification, and the genetic defect of FGE causes multiple sulfatase deficiency. The structural and functional properties of pFGE were analyzed. The comparison with FGE demonstrates that both share a tissue-specific expression pattern and the localization in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Both are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum by a saturable mechanism. Limited proteolytic cleavage at similar sites indicates that both also share a similar three-dimensional structure. pFGE, however, is lacking the formylglycine-generating activity of FGE. Although overexpression of FGE stimulates the generation of catalytically active sulfatases, overexpression of pFGE has an inhibitory effect. In vitro pFGE interacts with sulfatase-derived peptides but not with FGE. The inhibitory effect of pFGE on the generation of active sulfatases may therefore be caused by a competition of pFGE and FGE for newly synthesized sulfatase polypeptides.