不同病情高胆红素血症新生儿血清AST、IGF-1、NSE、CysC水平的表达及临床意义

摘要 目的：研究不同病情高胆红素血症新生儿血清谷草转氨酶（AST）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）、神经元特异性烯纯化酶（NSE）、胱抑素C（CysC）水平的表达及临床意义。方法：将我院从2017年1月～2018年12月收治的高胆红素血症新生儿316例作为研究组。按其病情分成轻度组152例、中度组105例以及重度组59例,另取同期健康新生儿100例作为对照组。比较四组新生儿血清AST、IGF-1、NSE、CysC、总胆红素（TSB）水平,分析上述各项指标的关系。此外,比较对照组与研究组的基线资料,分析新生儿高胆红素血症发病的影响因素。结果：轻度组、中度组、重度组血清AST、IGF-1、NSE、CysC、TSB水平均高于对照组,且中度组、重度组上述指标高于轻度组,重度组上述指标高于中度组（P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析可得：高胆红素血症新生儿TSB水平与血清AST、IGF-1、NSE、CysC水平均呈正相关（P＜0.05）。研究组和对照组在母婴血型不合、产前使用催产素、围生期疾病以及TSB、AST、IGF-1、NSE、CysC方面对比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。经多因素Logistic回归分析可得：新生儿高胆红素血症发病的影响因素为产前使用催产素、围生期疾病以及TSB、AST、IGF-1、NSE、CysC（P＜0.05）。结论：随着高胆红素血症新生儿病情的加剧,血清AST、IGF-1、NSE、CysC水平均逐渐升高且均与血清TSB水平呈正相关,临床工作中可能通过联合检测上述血清学指标辅助评估高胆红素血症新生儿病情,且以上指标水平的升高会增加新生儿高胆红素血症的发病风险。     

滋水清肝饮联合甲巯咪唑治疗甲状腺功能亢进症患者疗效观察和血清IGF-1、APN的影响

摘要 目的：评价滋水清肝饮联合甲巯咪唑治疗甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）患者临床疗效以及对血清IGF-1、APN水平的影响。方法：选入我院2021年3月~2023年2月收治的甲亢患者80例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例,其中对照组予以甲巯咪唑治疗,观察组采用滋水清肝饮+甲巯咪唑治疗。评价并比较两组的临床疗效、血清IGF-1和APN水平变化等。结果：与治疗前相比,两组治疗后主要中医证候积分、心率、FT3和FT4显著降低, TSH明显升高（P＜0.05）,而观察组降低/升高幅度更大,与对照组差异显著（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗总有效率92.50%,显著高于对照组的72.50%（P＜0.05）;与两组治疗前相比,治疗后血清IGF-1和APN水平下降,且观察组下降幅度较对照组大（P＜0.05）;观察组不良反应发生率较对照组低（5.00% vs 25.00%,P＜0.05）。结论：滋水清肝饮联合甲巯咪唑疗效确切,改善临床症状、甲状腺功能,下调血清IGF-1、APN水平,减少不良反应。     

创伤性颅脑损伤患者血清Trx1、FGL2水平与GCS评分及预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：研究创伤性颅脑损伤（TBI）患者血清硫氧还蛋白1（Trx1）、纤维蛋白原样蛋白2（FGL2）水平与格拉斯哥昏迷指数（GCS）评分及预后的关系。方法：将从2017年2月～2019年2月广州中医药大学第一附属医院收治的120例TBI患者纳入研究。将其按照入院即刻GCS评分分成轻度组（13～15分）46例,中度组（9～12分）38例,重度组（3～8分）36例。另取同期于广州中医药大学第一附属医院进行体检的健康志愿者40例作为对照组。比较各组人员血清Trx1以及FGL2水平,并作相关性分析。此外,将重度组患者按照预后结果的不同分成死亡组以及存活组。比较两组血清Trx1以及FGL2水平,以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清Trx1以及FGL2对重度TBI患者预后的预测价值。结果：轻度组、中度组及重度组患者的血清Trx1水平均低于对照组,且重度组低于中度组,中度组又低于轻度组（P＜0.05）;轻度组、中度组及重度组患者的血清FGL2水平均高于对照组,且重度组高于中度组,中度组又高于轻度组（P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析可得：TBI患者血清Trx1水平与GCS评分呈正相关关系（r/P=0.554/0.001）,而血清FGL2水平与GCS评分呈负相关关系（P＜0.05）。死亡组患者血清Trx1水平低于存活组（P＜0.05）,而FGL2水平高于存活组（P＜0.05）。经ROC曲线分析发现：血清Trx1联合FGL2预测重度TBI患者预后的曲线下面积、敏感度以及特异度均高于上述两项指标单独检测。结论：Trx1以及FGL2在TBI患者血清中存在明显的异常表达,且与GCS评分相关,可能作为临床TBI诊断、病情判断以及预后评估的辅助生物学标志物。     

血清胆红素、NO、ET-1、VEGF水平联合检测对冠心病诊断价值

摘要 目的：探讨血清胆红素、一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素-1（ET-1）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平联合检测对冠心病（CHD）的诊断价值。方法：选取2019年12月至2020年12月在我院治疗的冠心病患者65例作为观察组;另选取同期参与健康体检的60例健康人群作为对照组。对所有患者总胆红素水平（TBIL）、直接胆红素水平（DBIL）、NO、ET-1、VEGF表达水平进行检测,计算间接胆红素水平（IBIL）,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）比较血清胆红素、VEGF、ET-1和NO单独和联合检测对冠心病的诊断价值,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析法分析冠心病的影响因素。结果：与对照组相比,观察组患者血清IBIL、DBIL、TBIL、VEGF和NO检测结果均显著降低,ET-1检测结果显著升高（P＜0.05）。血清胆红素、VEGF、ET-1和NO对冠心病联合检测的AUC值显著高于单独检测值（P＜0.05）。观察组患者高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟、肥胖的发生率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟、肥胖、血清胆红素、VEGF、ET-1和NO均可作为评估冠心病的危险因素,其中血清检测指标的关联强度依次为ET-1、VEGF、NO、胆红素（P＜0.05）。结论：冠心病患者血清胆红素代谢异常,血管内皮功能指标紊乱,是导致患者动脉粥样硬化的重要原因。血清胆红素、NO、ET-1、VEGF水平联合检测对冠心病诊断效能明显优于单个指标,且可作为冠心病发病风险的有效指标。     

急性心力衰竭患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB与心功能和预后的关系

摘要 目的：探讨急性心力衰竭患者血清miRNA-21、肌红蛋白（MYO）、心肌肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）与心功能和预后的关系。方法：选择2018年2月至2019年2月于我院接诊的95例急性心力衰竭患者为研究对象（病例组）,另选择同期在我院进行检查的80例健康人为对照组,分析两组患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心房内径（LAD）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEd）水平变化情况及和预后相关性。结果：病例组患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB水平显著高于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;病例组患者LAD、LVEd水平显著高于对照组,LVEF水平显著低于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;II级患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB水平显著低于III级、IV级患者,III级患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB水平显著低于IV级患者,差异显著（P＜0.05）;预后良好组患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB水平显著低于预后不良组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;Spearman相关分析显示,血清miRNA-21、MYO及CK-MB和LVEF之间均呈负相关,血清miRNA-21、MYO及CK-MB和LAD、LVEd之间均呈正相关,（P＜0.05）;Logistic 回归分析结果显示,血清miRNA-21、MYO及CK-MB及LVEF、LAD、LVEd为急性心力衰竭患者预后的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论：急性心力衰竭患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB的表达升高,其与心功能和预后密切相关。     

茵栀黄颗粒联合蓝光治疗新生儿病理性黄疸的疗效及对患儿心肌酶谱的影响

目的:探讨茵栀黄颗粒联合蓝光治疗新生儿病理性黄疸的疗效及对患儿心肌酶谱的影响。方法:选取2015年2月至2016年12月于我院就诊的80例新生儿病理性黄疸患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例。根据两组患儿的临床症状有针对性地给予常规治疗,对照组在此基础上加用蓝光照射治疗,观察组加用蓝光照射联合茵栀黄颗粒进行治疗,两组均持续治疗一个星期。比较两组的临床疗效、治疗前后血清心肌酶、胆红素水平的变化以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗前,两组患儿的血清总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)水平比较差异不明显(P0.05);治疗后,两组TBIL、DBIL水平均较同组治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患儿血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)水平比较差异不显著(P0.05);治疗后,两组血清LDH、CK、CK-MB水平均较同组治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组不良反应的发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:茵栀黄颗粒联合蓝光照射治疗新生儿黄疸较单用蓝光照射治疗可显著提高临床疗效,显著改善患儿血清胆红素及心肌酶谱水平,且安全性较高。     

不同焦虑程度青少年首发广泛性焦虑障碍患者血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF的变化及其与生活应激、炎症因子和记忆功能的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨不同焦虑程度青少年首发广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）患者血清神经肽Y（NPY）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的变化及其与生活应激、炎症因子和记忆功能的相关性。方法：选择2019年1月至2021年12月成都市精神卫生中心收治的147例青少年首发GAD患者,根据广泛性焦虑量表（GAD-7）分为轻度焦虑组（5-9分,50例）、中度焦虑组（10-14分,65例）、重度焦虑组（15-21分,32例）。检测血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素（IL）-1α、IL-6水平,采用学生生活应激问卷（SLSI）、延迟匹配测验（DMS）评估生活应激水平和记忆功能。比较组间血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF、CRP、IL-1α、IL-6水平以及SLSI、DMS差异,分析血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF水平与血清CRP、IL-1α、IL-6水平及SLSI、DMS的相关性。结果：重度焦虑组血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF水平低于中度焦虑组和轻度焦虑组（P＜0.05）,且中度焦虑组低于轻度焦虑组（P＜0.05）,重度焦虑组CRP、IL-1α、IL-6水平以及SLSI评分高于中度焦虑组和轻度焦虑组（P＜0.05）,且中度焦虑组高于轻度焦虑组（P＜0.05）。重度焦虑组总延迟反应时间、无延迟反应时间长于中度焦虑组和轻度焦虑组（P＜0.05）,且中度焦虑组长于轻度焦虑组（P＜0.05）;重度焦虑组总延迟正确数、无延迟正确数少于中度焦虑组和轻度焦虑组（P＜0.05）,且中度焦虑组少于轻度焦虑组（P＜0.05）。青少年首发GAD患者血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF水平与SLSI评分、CRP、IL-1α、IL-6、总延迟反应时间、无延迟反应时间呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与总延迟正确数、无延迟正确数呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：青少年首发GAD患者随着焦虑程度加重,其生活应激强度增强、炎症因子水平升高,记忆功能减弱,且均与患者血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF水平降低有关。     

Caspase-1、OPN在慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者血清中的表达及其临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1 (Caspase-1)、骨桥蛋白（OPN）在慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭（HBV-ACLF）患者血清中的表达及其临床意义。方法：选择2020年6月至2022年6月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九七Ο医院收治的86例HBV-ACLF患者（HBV-ACLF组）;另选取同时段接诊的58例慢性HBV感染患者（CHB组）;收集同时间段60例体检的健康志愿者（对照组）。检测所有受试者血清Caspase-1、OPN、肝功能指标水平,探讨HBV-ACLF患者血清Caspase-1、OPN水平与肝功能指标的相关性,单因素分析及Logistic多元逐步回归分析影响HBV-ACLF患者预后的危险因素。结果：三组血清Caspase-1、OPN、肝功能指标水平比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。HBV-ACLF组、CHB组血清Caspase-1、OPN、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、总胆红素（TBIL）水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）,白蛋白（Alb）、胆碱酯酶（CHE）水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）,HBV-ACLF组血清Caspase-1、OPN 、ALT 、AST 、TBIL水平高于CHB组（P＜0.05）,Alb、CHE水平低于CHB组（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示,HBV-ACLF患者血清Caspase-1、OPN水平均与ALT、AST、TBIL呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与Alb、CHE呈负相关（P＜0.05）。单因素分析显示,HBV-ACLF患者预后与肝硬化、肝性脑病、腹膜炎发生率、终末期肝病评分模型（MELD）评分、白细胞计数（WBC）、血小板计数（PLT）、肌酐（Cr）、国际标准化比值（INR）、TBIL、HBV-DNA载量（HBV-DNA）、Caspase-1、OPN有关（P＜0.05）;而与年龄、性别、血红蛋白（HGB）、BUN、ALT、AST、CHE、Alb无关（P>0.05）。Logistic多元逐步回归分析模型结果显示,HBV-DNA、MELD评分、Caspase-1、OPN是影响HBV-ACLF患者预后的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：HBV-ACLF患者血清Caspase-1、OPN水平呈异常高表达,且Caspase-1、OPN高表达水平与肝功能恶化和不良临床结局有关,可为HBV-ACLF患者病情进展及预后评估提供依据。     

阿尔茨海默病血清miR-137、miR-138表达与认知功能损害和外周血淋巴细胞PI3K/Akt信号通路的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者血清微小核糖核酸（miR）-137、miR-138表达与认知功能损害和外周血淋巴细胞磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶（PI3K/Akt）信号通路的关系。方法：选取2020年1月至2022年5月青岛大学附属医院神经内科收治的95例AD患者（AD组）,根据临床痴呆评定量表（CDR）评分将患者分为轻度组（1分,35例）、中度组（2分,42例）、重度组（3分,18例）,另选取63例体检健康志愿者为对照组。检测AD组、对照组血清miR-137、miR-138表达水平以及外周血淋巴细胞PI3K/Akt信号通路相关蛋白表达,采用简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评估认知功能。分析血清miR-137、miR-138与MMSE、MoCA评分以及外周血淋巴细胞PI3K、Akt、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因（Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白基因（Bax）表达的相关性。结果：AD组血清miR-137水平、外周血淋巴细胞PI3K、Akt、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平及MMSE、MoCA评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）,血清miR-138、外周血淋巴细胞Bax蛋白表达水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。重度组血清miR-137水平、外周血淋巴细胞PI3K、Akt、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平及MMSE、MoCA评分低于中度组和轻度组（P＜0.05）,且中度组低于轻度组（P＜0.05）;重度组血清miR-138、外周血淋巴细胞Bax蛋白表达水平高于中度组和轻度组（P＜0.05）,且中度组高于轻度组（P＜0.05）。AD患者血清miR-137水平与MMSE、MoCA评分、外周血淋巴细胞PI3K、Akt、Bcl-2蛋白表达呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与外周血淋巴细胞Bax蛋白表达呈负相关（P＜0.05）;AD患者血清miR-138水平与MMSE、MoCA评分、外周血淋巴细胞PI3K、Akt、Bcl-2蛋白表达呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与外周血淋巴细胞Bax蛋白表达呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：AD患者的血清miR-137表达水平降低、miR-138表达水平增高,与认知功能障碍有关,且miR-137、miR-138可能通过调控PI3K/Akt信号通路参与AD发病过程。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清IMA、HIF1α、Vaspin、IGF-1水平与性激素、糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者血清缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）、缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF1α）、内脏脂肪特异性丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂（Vaspin）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）水平与性激素、糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法：选择2017年1月至2019年12月我院收治的268例PCOS患者（PCOS组）,根据体质量指数（BMI）将PCOS患者分为超重/肥胖组（BMI≥24 kg/m²,161例）和正常体重组（18.5 kg/m2≤BMI＜24 kg/m²,107例）,另选择135例于妇科门诊体检的健康女性志愿者为对照组。检测血清IMA、HIF1α、Vaspin、IGF-1水平以及性激素、糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗指标,Pearson相关性分析其相关性。结果：PCOS组血清IMA、HIF1α、Vaspin、IGF-1、睾酮（T）、促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素（FSH）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2小时血糖（2hPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平,胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）均高于对照组（P＜0.001）。PCOS患者超重/肥胖组血清IMA、HIF1α、Vaspin、IGF-1、T、TC、LDL-C、FPG、FINS、2hPG水平,HOMA-IR均高于正常体重组（P＜0.001）。PCOS患者血清IMA、HIF1α水平与T、HOMA-IR呈正相关（P＜0.05）,血清Vaspin、IGF-1水平与TC、LDL-C、FPG、FINS、2hPG 、HOMA-IR呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：PCOS患者血清IMA、HIF-1α、Vaspin、IGF-1水平均升高,IMA、HIF-1α、Vaspin、IGF-1均与PCOS胰岛素抵抗有关。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Antibacterial and Antifugal Mono- and Di-substituted Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Triazine-derived Schiff-bases and their Transition Metal Complexes

A new series of antibacterial and antifungal triazine-derived mono- and di-substituted (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) Schiff-bases and their cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments and IR and electronic spectral measurements. IR spectra indicated the ligands to act as tridentate towards divalent metal ions via a trazine-N, the azomethine-N and, indole-NH and deprotonated-O of salicylaldehyde. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggest octahedral geometry for the Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)complexes and square-pyramid for Cu(II) complexes. NMR spectral data of the ligands and their diamagnetic zinc(II) complexes well-define their proposed structures/geometries. Elemental analyses data of the ligands and metal complexes agree with their proposed structures/geometries. The synthesized ligands, along with their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi and for antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies show the metal complexes to be more antibacterial/antifungal against two or more species as compared to the uncomplexed Schiff-base ligands.