中国伪蝎名录（蛛形纲：伪蝎目）

本文根据我国伪蝎目已有种类记述,归纳并列出10科34属73种（包括亚种）伪蝎的中文名、拉丁学名、引证及其地理分布,以供今后研究参考。     

中国蝎目名录(蛛形纲:蝎目)

本文根据我国蝎目种类已有的记述,归纳列出5科9属19种和亚种的学名、引证及其地理分布,以供今后研究参考.     

Timing of maturation and the mating system of the spider,Stegodyphus lineatus (Eresidae): how important is body size?

Selection on life history traits such as the timing of maturation and the size at maturity strongly depends on the mating system. In spiders, the mating system hypothesized to Be determined by spermathecal morphology and the related sperm precedence pattern. In a natural population of the eresid spider Stegodyphus lineatus , predictions concerning the timing of maturation, male mating behaviour and success were tested. Eresid spiders are supposed to show protandry, prematuration mate guarding and strong male-male competition resulting in selection for large body size and early maturation. In contrast to these predictions, male and female maturation overlapped largely. Males did not guard premature females nor was there evidence for male-male competition. Among mating pairs, male did not relate to female size, nor to duration of cohabitation. Evidence for an advantage of first over second or large over small males is weak. In males, body size at maturity and the time of maturation were negatively correlated although a trade off between timing of maturation and the body size reached by then should result in a positive correlation. Possible causes are discussed.     

我国5种土壤伪蝎记述

记述采自我国亚热带土壤的蛛形纲伪蝎目5种:土伪蝎科Chthoniidae的强壮暴伪蝎Tyrannochthonius robustus和北部湾拉伪蝎Lagynochthonius tonkinensis,木伪蝎科Neobisiidae的中国华肉伪蝎Chinocreagris chinensis、巨小肉伪蝎Microcreagirs gigas和东方小肉伪蝎M.orientalis.     

Almost a spider: a 305-million-year-old fossil arachnid and spider origins

Spiders are an important animal group, with a long history. Details of their origins remain limited, with little knowledge of their stem group, and no insights into the sequence of character acquisition during spider evolution. We describe a new fossil arachnid, Idmonarachne brasieri gen. et sp. nov. from the Late Carboniferous (Stephanian, ca 305–299 Ma) of Montceau-les-Mines, France. It is three-dimensionally preserved within a siderite concretion, allowing both laboratory- and synchrotron-based phase-contrast computed tomography reconstruction. The latter is a first for siderite-hosted fossils and has allowed us to investigate fine anatomical details. Although distinctly spider-like in habitus, this remarkable fossil lacks a key diagnostic character of Araneae: spinnerets on the underside of the opisthosoma. It also lacks a flagelliform telson found in the recently recognized, spider-related, Devonian–Permian Uraraneida. Cladistic analysis resolves our new fossil as sister group to the spiders: the spider stem-group comprises the uraraneids and I. brasieri. While we are unable to demonstrate the presence of spigots in this fossil, the recovered phylogeny suggests the earliest character to evolve on the spider stem-group is the secretion of silk. This would have been followed by the loss of a flagelliform telson, and then the ability to spin silk using spinnerets. This last innovation defines the true spiders, significantly post-dates the origins of silk, and may be a key to the group''s success. The Montceau-les-Mines locality has previously yielded a mesothele spider (with spinnerets). Evidently, Late Palaeozoic spiders lived alongside Palaeozoic arachnid grades which approached the spider condition, but did not express the full suite of crown-group autapomorphies.     

Contamination of public facilities with Dermatophagoides mites (Acari: Phyroglyphidae) in Japan

The distribution of allergenic mites, Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, was surveyed among public facilities in Japan, in order to assess the risk of people, including allergic patients, being exposed to mite allergens outside homes. Dust samples were collected using a vacuum cleaner from bedclothes, floors and other materials in four hospitals, two hotels, two ryokans, one film theatre and four office buildings. Fine dust fractions of these samples were examined for mite antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, clinically important antigen levels of 50 g m–2 (corresponding to approximately 500 mites m–2) or more were detected in 71% of samples from chairs in a film theatre and 42% of samples from tatami and carpet floors of ryokans, whereas such serious mite contamination was not observed in samples from hospitals, hotels and offices. High mean antigen levels were observed in chairs in a film theatre (98.2 g m–2) and floors of ryokans (81.4 g m–2), whereas samples from other facilities showed mean antigen levels of <11 g m–2. Hospitals had individual antigen levels of 50 g m–2 in 2% of mattresses and 5% of painted and tiled floors but not in comforters, futons and pillows. No samples obtained from bedclothes in hotels and ryokans had antigen levels of 50 g m–2. In office buildings where the air was fully controlled by a central air-conditioning system all the year round, 99% of samples showed low antigen levels of <10 g m–2. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

A new species of Discocyrtanus from Mato Grosso,Brazil (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) with a key to the species of the genus

Discocyrtanus canjinjim sp. n., belonging to the family Gonyleptidae Sundevall, 1833 is described based on nineteen specimens, eleven adult males and eight adult females, collected in the Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This new species represents an endemic component for the harvestmen fauna of Chiquitano Dry Forests terrestrial eco-region, being the most occidental point of distribution of the genus, notably found in the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest. The new species is characterized by femur IV swollen with the same length of dorsal scutum, trochanter IV with prodorsal distal apophysis as a stout hook not bifurcated, and a unique form of genitalia in the genus. This paper also includes the first identification key to the species of the genus after its revalidation.     

Redescription of Paradiscocyrtus neglectus Mello-Leitão, 1927 (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae), with the designation of a neotype and two synonymies

Paradiscocyrtus neglectus Mello-Leitão, 1927 is here redescribed and for the first time illustrated. A neotype is proposed to clarify the taxonomic status of this species and to differentiate it from the other two species of Paradiscocyrtus and related genera (e.g., Discocyrtus). Two junior synonyms of this species, currently allocated in Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1876 are here detected. This harvestman is endemic from areas above 2000 meters of altitude, occurring in the Campos Rupestres montane savannas terrestrial eco-region in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This species is characterized by the powerful retrodorsal apophysis of the coxa IV, the unique armature of dorsal scutum, trochanter IV, and femur IV.     

中国巨蟹蛛科两新种(蛛形纲:蜘蛛目)

记述湖南省巨蟹蛛科2新种：壶瓶巨蟹蛛Heteropoda hupingensis sp.nov.和谢氏中盾蛛Sinopoda xieae sp.nov.,模式标本存于湖南师范大学生命科学学院,量度单位为mm,比例尺为1mm。壶瓶巨蟹蛛,新种Heteropoda hupingensis sp.nov.(图1－4）正模♂,湖南省石门县壶瓶山,1992年6月25日－7月5日,彭贤锦采。鉴别特征：新种与白额巨蟹蛛Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus,1775)相似,但有以下区别：1）胫节突不同,新种的胫节突腹面观腹支呈拇指状,背支不易见及,后者腹面观明显可见两分支,背支较长;3）新种的插入器较粗短,沿生殖球中间向端部延伸,后者的插入器较细长,沿生殖球边缘向端部延伸。新种的种名来自模式标本产地。谢氏中盾蛛,新种Sinopoda xieae sp.nov.,正模♀,湖南省石门县壶瓶山,1992年6月25日－7月5日,谢莉萍采。鉴别特征,新种的外雌器腹面观似Sinopoda forcipata(Karsch,1881)但有以下区别;1）交后缘相跨较近,其间的夹角远小于后者的夹角;2）与中隔端部相连的横向裂陷远宽于后者;3）纳精囊远较后者粗大,无明显分支;后者纳精囊较细小,有明显分支。新种的种名来自模式标本采集者的姓氏。     

Distribution of Dermatophagoides mite (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) antigens in homes of allergic patients in Japan

Dust samples collected in 61 homes of patients with mite allergies and 11 homes of non-allergic people as controls were examined for antigen levels of Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) to reveal the current distribution of allergenic mites in homes in Japan. Patient homes had higher antigen levels than control homes in comforters and pillows but not in futons, earpets, tatamis and wooden floors. Samples with antigen levels of 10 g m^-2 were more frequent in and around summer (approximately April-October) than other seasons of the year in most materials and the differences between patient and control homes in comforters and pillows observed in yearly totals was also observed during this period. Wooden structures showed higher antigen levels than concrete structures in comforters, futons, pillows, carpets and tatamis in patient homes. Mite contamination in patient homes in relation to environmental factors was discussed.