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1.
细胞透性化技术及其应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
细胞透性化技术可以在不破坏细胞整体有机体系的情况下改变细胞膜的通透性,从而克服细胞膜的渗透屏障,降低胞外物质的传质阻力,使胞内酶在稳定的细胞内环境中发挥作用,从而提高其稳定性和催化效率.细胞透性化技术方法简便,在提高固定化细胞生物转化效率以及胞内酶的原位分析等方面有着广泛的应用.本文将简要介绍细胞透性化技术的概念、处理方法及其应用情况.  相似文献   

2.
从三角酵母中提取总RNA ,反转录后进行PCR扩增得到D 氨基酸氧化酶 (D AminoAcidOxidase ,DAAO)基因 ,经测序可知 ,与文献中三角酵母的DAAO基因序列的同源性在 99%以上。将DAAO基因用NcoⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切后 ,与相同酶切的大肠杆菌表达载体pET 2 8a连接 ,转化大肠杆菌TOP 1 0F′,并筛选得到重组质粒pET DAAO ,转化BL2 1 (DE3)感受态细胞 ,得到重组大肠杆菌BL2 1 (DE3) pET DAAO。对重组大肠杆菌中的D 氨基酸氧化酶进行了诱导表达 ,考察了诱导温度、菌浓度、诱导剂IPTG用量以及溶氧等因素对酶活的影响。结果表明 ,在 2 8℃、菌浓度 (OD6 0 0 ) 1 0、IPTG浓度 1mmol L时 ,DAAO酶活最高达 2 3 3U mL。研究进一步显示 ,用廉价无毒的乳糖可以替代IPTG进行诱导 ,当乳糖浓度为 2mmol L ,DAAO酶活可达 2 2 7U mL。经过补料分批培养和乳糖诱导 ,DAAO酶活可以达到 1 75U mL。  相似文献   

3.
三角酵母D—氨基酸氧化酶基因的克隆,测序及表达   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用跨越内含子的PCR技术,从三角酵母(Trigonopsisvariabilis)变种FA110中扩增得到D氨基酸氧化酶基因(daao),并通过TA克隆的方法将其克隆至pGEMT载体。序列测定结果表明,所得daao基因的5′端内含子已被删除,基因总长度为1071bp,它与Trigonopsisvariabilis的D氨基酸氧化酶同源性达983%,与Fusariumsolani和Rhodotorulagracilis的同源性分别是389%和308%。为提高表达水平,又将此基因转移至高表达载体pET28b上,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达。经IPTG诱导,目的蛋白的产生量可占菌体总蛋白量的46%,分子量约为38kD。D氨基酸氧化酶的活力可达802u/L。  相似文献   

4.
1.比较了17株霉菌和36株酵母菌的D-氨基酸氧化酶活力,其中以三角酵母的酶活力最高,比较适宜作为研究D-氨基酸氧化酶的材料。2.用硫酸铵、聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)分部沉淀,Sephadcx G-200、羟基磷灰石柱层析分离纯化了三角酵母D-氨基酸氧化酶,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳为单一组份。 以聚丙烯酰胺凝股梯度浓度电泳测得D-氢基酸氧化酶的分子量为170,000,sDs凝胶电泳测得其亚基分子量为42,000,表明三角酵母D-氨基酸氧化酶由四个相同亚基组或。3.三角酵母D-氨基酸氧化酶在以D-丙氨酸为底物时,最适pH为8.3,米氏常数(Km)为3.3mM。三角酵母D-氨基酸氧化酶具有较宽的底物专一性,多种D或DL型氨基酸都可以做它的底物。  相似文献   

5.
三角酵母D-氨基酸氧化酶基因的克隆、测序及表达*   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用跨越内含子的PCR技术,三角酵母(Trigonopsos variabilis)变种FA1-10中扩增得到D-氨基酸氧化酶基因(daao),并通过TA克隆的方法将其克隆至pGEM—T载体。序列测定结果表明,所得daao基因的5’端内含子已被删除,基因总长度为1071bp,它与Trigonopsis variabilis D-氨基酸氧化酶同源性达98.3%,与Fusarium solaniiRhodotoru-la gracilis的同源性分别是38.9%和30.8%。为提高表达水平,又将此基因转移至高表达载体pET-28b上.在大肠杆菌BL-2l(DE3)中进行诱导表达。经IPTG诱导,目的蛋白的产生量可占菌体总蛋白量的46%,分子量约为38kD。D-氨基酸氧化酶的活力可达802u/L。  相似文献   

6.
血管内皮细胞生长因子 (Vascularendothelialgrowthfac tor,简称VEGF)是一类多功能细胞因子 ,特异地作用于血管内皮受体KDR和Flt 1,促进新生血管形成并增加微血管的渗透性[1] 。VEGF在生理和病理 ,如肿瘤血管发生、伤口愈和、类风湿性关节炎、胚胎发育及冠心病等过程中起着非常重要的作用。天然VEGF是由两条糖蛋白链形成的二聚体。目前发现VEGF至少有 5种亚型 ,根据单体残基数不同分别为VEGF12 1,VEGF14 5,VEGF165,VEGF189和VEGF2 0 6,其中VEGF12 1和VEG…  相似文献   

7.
研究了利用含D-氨基酸氧化酶(Damino acid oxidase, DAO EC1.4.3.3)的透性化三角酵母多倍体FA10(Trigonopsis variabilis FA10)细胞酶促转化头孢菌素(Ccephalosporin> C, CPC)为戊二酰-7-氨基头孢烷酸(Glutaryl-7-ACA,GL-7-ACA)的反应过程和细胞中同时存在的过氧化氢酶(Catalase, CAT)通过水解H2O2而对转化反应产生的干扰作用及其对策。实验证明适量添加外源H2O2(6%)或在反应体系中加入过氧化氢酶抑制剂NaN3(0.13mg/mL)可使GL-7-ACA生成率分别为73.0%和70.1%。如果将透性化的FA10细胞在pH10.5~11.0,20℃条件下保温30min,CAT被不可逆性完全钝化,以无过氧化氢酶的FA10细胞进行CPC的酶促转化反应,GL-7ACA的生成率可达84%。  相似文献   

8.
研究了利用含D-氨基酸氧化酶(D-amino acid oxidase,DAO EC1.4.3.3)的透性化三角酶母多倍体FA10(Trigonopsis variabilis FA10)细胞酶促转化头孢菌素C(cephalosporin C,CPC)为戊二酰-7-氨基头孢烷酸(Glutaryl-7-ACA,GL-7ACA)的反应过程和细胞中同时存在的过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)通过水解H2O2而对转化反应产生的干扰作用及其对策。实验证明适量添加外源H2O2(6%)或在反应体系中加入过氧化氢酶抑制剂NaN3(0.13mg/mL )可使GL-7ACA生成率分别为73.0%和70.1%。如果将透性化的FA10细胞在pH10.5-11.0,20℃条件下保温30min,CAT被不可逆性完全钝化,以无过氧化氢酶的FA10细胞进行CPC的酶促转化反应GL-7ACA的生成率可达84%。  相似文献   

9.
本实验旨在研究透性化嗜酸乳杆菌细胞生物转化共轭亚油酸的反应动力学。探讨了细胞浓度、底物浓度、反应体系pH值和温度等因素对生物转化共轭亚油酸反应速度的影响;建立了透性化嗜酸乳杆菌细胞生物转化共轭亚油酸的动力学模型。结果表明,透性化嗜酸乳杆菌细胞有利于共轭亚油酸的生物转化,最适细胞浓度、pH值和反应温度分别为10×1010ufc/mL、4.5和45℃;生物转化共轭亚油酸存在底物抑制现象,当亚油酸的浓度为0.6mg/mL时,反应速度达到最大值17.8μg/(mL·min)。在低亚油酸浓度下,反应初始阶段的反应规律与经典米氏方程相符,而在高亚油酸浓度下,存在底物抑制现象。在最适反应条件下建立了动力学模型,模型基本反映了共轭亚油酸的生物转化特性。  相似文献   

10.
本文以黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)NRRL3135菌株植酸酶基因为对象,通过基因人工合成的方法去除了该基因的内含子与信号肽编码序列,换用在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中使用频率较高的密码子以优化其表达。该人工合成植酸酶基因(PhyA-as)以N端融合的方式正确插入到毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA。通过电击将重组表达载体整合入酵母染色体DNA中得到重组转化子。SDSPAGE结果与表达产物酶学性质研究表明植酸酶得到分泌表达,且与天然产物性质基本一致。筛选得若干株高产基因工程菌,其中SPANⅢ菌株达到了在摇床培养条件下,每毫升发酵液产生165000u植酸酶的水平,基本满足工业化生产的要求。  相似文献   

11.
    
The cDNA of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) gene isolated from Trigonopsis variabilis was expressed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A clone, ASP327-10, transformed with plasmid vector, pTL2M5DAO, expressed catalytically active DAO in the presence of G418, and converted Cephalosprin C to alpha-ketoadipyl-7-cephalosporanic acid (KA-7-ACA) and glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid (GL-7-ACA). Biocatalysts were prepared using ASP327-10 and T. variabilis, and evaluated to demonstrate the feasibility of recombinant S. pombe for industrial application. The cells were immobilized by crosslinking polyethylene imine after glutardialdehyde (GDA) fixation and permeabilization by alkaline treatment. Although the biocatalyst prepared from ASP327-10 exhibited DAO activity, catalase activity still remained fully even after permeabilization, under which condition, the catalase activity of T. variabilis decreased to 20-30%. Heat treatment was required before cell fixation by GDA to inactivate the catalase in S. pombe. This improved the efficiency of bioconversion to GL-7-ACA, but caused poor mechanical strength in the biocatalyst of S. pombe. To overcome this weakness, a catalase-deficient host strain was obtained by ethylmethansulfate mutagenesis. Moreover, taking economics into consideration, the integrative vector, pTL2M5DAO-8XL, with multi-copies of expression cassette was constructed to express DAO in S. pombe even in the absence of G418. The newly established integrant, ASP417-7, did not exhibit any catalase activity so that heat treatment was not required. The obtained integrant and its biocatalyst were significantly improved in GL-7ACA conversion ability and mechanical strength. This study demonstrates that the established integrant is a potential candidate as an alternative source of DAO enzyme.  相似文献   

12.
D-Amino acid oxidase present in the cells of Trigonopsis variabilis became accessible to cephalosporin C, its substrate, when treated with either butyl acetate or Triton-X-100. The enzyme was not leached out enabling use of these cells as a biocatalyst.  相似文献   

13.
To investigate the functional role of an invariant histidine residue in Trigonopsis variabilis D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), a set of mutant enzymes with replacement of the histidine residue at position 324 was constructed and their enzymatic properties were examined. Wild-type and mutant enzymes have been purified to homogeneity using the His-bound column and the molecular masses were determined to be 39.2 kDa. Western blot analysis revealed that the in vivo synthesized mutant enzymes are immuno-identical with that of the wild-type DAAO. The His324Asn and His324Gln mutants displayed comparable enzymatic activity to that of the wild-type enzyme, while the other mutant DAAOs showed markedly decreased or no detectable activity. The mutants, His324/Asn/Gln/Ala/Tyr/Glu, exhibited 38-181% increase in Km and a 2-10-fold reduction in kcat/Km. Based on the crystal structure of a homologous protein, pig kidney DAAO, it is suggested that His324 might play a structural role for proper catalytic function of T. variabilis DAAO.  相似文献   

14.
在大肠杆菌细胞中表达三角酵母D-氨基酸氧化酶, 并对重组酶的性质进行了研究。制备的单一突变体与野生型酶相比, 具有2.4倍的热稳定性或底物特异性变化光谱。结果显示突变的TvDAAO在氧化头孢菌素中催化效果优于野生型酶。并将一个突变的重组TvDAAO制备成结晶, 并解析了2.8 ?分辨率下的晶体结构。  相似文献   

15.
    
ABSTRACT

The high stereo- and substrate specificities of enzymes have been utilized for micro-determination of amino acids. Here, I review the discovery of l-Phe dehydrogenase and its practical use in the diagnosis of phenylketonuria in more than 5,400,000 neonates over two decades in Japan. Screening and uses of other selective enzymes for micro-determination of amino acids have also been discussed. In addition, novel enzymatic assays with the systematic use of known enzymes, including assays based on a pyrophosphate detection system using pyrophosphate dikinase for a variety of l-amino acids with amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase have been reviewed. Finally, I review the substrate specificities of a few amino acid-metabolizing enzymes that have been altered, using protein engineering techniques, mainly for production of useful chemicals, thus enabling the wider use of natural enzymes.  相似文献   

16.
    
Kinetic parameters of d-amino acid oxidase from R. gracilis (DAAO) towards d-2-naphthyl alanine (d-2-NAla) and of l-aspartate amino transferase (l-AAT) from Escherichia coli towards 2-naphthyl pyruvate (2-NPA) were measured. The two enzymes were then combined in a one-pot reaction in which DAAO was used to generate 2-NPA which was the substrate of l-AAT in the presence of cysteine sulphinic acid (CSA) as an amino donor. The combined reactions afforded enantiomerically pure l-2-NAla in almost quantitative yield. The extremely low water solubility of 2-NAla can be partially overcome by running the biotransformation in suspension with higher formal concentration. In these conditions multiple enzyme additions are required.  相似文献   

17.
18.
A method for isolation of d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) from disrupted Trigonopsis variabilis cells has been developed. In an aqueous two-phase system consisting of PEG6000 (220 g l–1), potassium phosphate (110 g l–1, K2HPO4 + KH2PO4 = 10.1:1, mol mol–1) and dl-methionine (11 g l–1), the major portion of cellular proteins (87%) was partitioned into the salt phase. By sequential extraction, 48% of DAAO was recovered in PEG phase, giving a yield of 211 U mg protein–1.  相似文献   

19.
The basic properties of purified d-amino acid oxidase from the yeast Trigonopsis variabilis were investigated. The pH optimum of activity was between pH 8.5 and 9.0, and the native molecular masses of holo- and apo-enzyme were determined to be 170 kDa; higher aggregates corresponded to molecular masses of 320 and 570 kDa. The apparent V max and K m values for different substrates varied between 3.7 to 185 U/mg and 0.2 to 17.3 mM, respectively. The reaction of d-amino acid oxidase with sulfite was followed by the typical spectral modifications of the FAD resembling the reduced enzyme; a K d of 30 μM was calculated for the N(5)-adduct. The red anionic flavin radical of the enzyme was stable; benzoate had no influence on the spectral properties. A complete loss of enzyme activity was observed after chemical modification by the histidine-specific reagent diethyl pyrocarbonate. The inactivation showed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with a second-order rate constant of 13.6 M–1 min–1 at pH 6.0 and 20°C. The addition of a substrate under anoxic conditions led to a substantial protection from inactivation, which indicates a localization of the modified residues close to the active site. The pKa of the reacting group was determined to be 7.7, and the rate of inactivation reached a limiting value of 0.031 min–1. Received: 22 August 1995 / Accepted: 17 October 1995  相似文献   

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