Synopsis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mickelia</Emphasis>, a newly recognized genus of bolbitidoid ferns (Dryopteridaceae)

Our recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed a previously unrecognized clade of six species that is sister to Elaphoglossum. Within this clade, four species are currently classified in Bolbitis, one in Lomagramma, and one in Acrostichum. For this clade, we propose the name Mickelia, with M. nicotianifolia as the type species. We also make new combinations for the species in our phylogenetic study shown to belong to Mickelia (M. bernoullii, M. guianensis, M. hemiotis, M. nicotianifolia, M. oligarchica, and M. scandens) and two other species believed to belong to the clade based on morphology (M. lindigii, M. pergamentacea). A new hybrid and two new species are also described (M. ×atrans, M. furcata, and M. pradoi). In total, Mickelia consists of ten species and one hybrid. It is entirely neotropical. We provide a key to the genera of bolbitidoid ferns and a synopsis of Mickelia that gives for each species a complete synonymy, geographical distribution, comparative discussion, and illustration.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mentzelia</Emphasis> section <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bartonia</Emphasis> (Loasaceae) from the Grand Canyon,Arizona

Mentzelia hualapaiensis, a new species of Mentzelia sect. Bartonia, is described from the Grand Canyon region of Arizona. The new species is closely related to M. puberula, which is found west of M. hualapaiensis along the Colorado River, and to M. oreophila, M. polita, and M. tiehmii. It shares with these species a suffrutescent shoot system characterized by a subterranean, branching caudex, multiple annual branches, and similar leaves that have shallowly lobed or toothed to entire laminas. The flowers of M. hualapaiensis differ from those of its closest relatives in having cream-white, linear to narrowly spatulate petals and staminodes, characteristics that are convergent with those of the flowers of the Chihuahuan Desert species M. humilis.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Miconia</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sagraea</Emphasis> (Melastomataceae) from the Macaya Biosphere Reserve,Haiti, and twelve relevant new species combinations

The Sagraea clade (Melastomataceae, tribe Miconieae) is briefly characterized, typified, and formally treated as a section within Miconia. In addition, two new species of Miconia sect. Sagraea, endemic to the floristically diverse Massif de la Hotte of southwestern Haiti and discovered during the course of a systematic revision of the Caribbean species of this section, are here described and illustrated. Miconia hottensis and M. navifolia, morphologically similar and possible sister species, are compared to each other and to the widespread Caribbean species M. capillaris and the southwestern Dominican Republic endemic M. tetraptera; these four species share rectangular stems with four low ridges or wings and minute, short-stalked, peltate or pseudopeltate hairs and likely form a clade.     

Pleosporales in Japan (3). The genus Massarina

 Twelve species of the genus Massarina collected from Japan are reported in this article. Among them, 4 new species, M. constricta, M. japonica, M. submediana, and M. uniserialis, are described, illustrated, and compared to similar species. Two species, M. scirpina and M. ryukyuensis, are described as new combination, and 4 species, M. arundinariae, M. fluviatilis, M. peerallyi, and M. rubi, are reported from Japan for the first time. One bambusicolous species, Metasphaeria tuberculosa, is considered to be a synonym of Massarina bambusina. Received: December 13, 2002 / Accepted: February 6, 2003 Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. Shuhei Tanaka, curator of YAM (Yamaguchi University), for the loan of specimens for this study.     

A synopsis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cohniella</Emphasis> (Orchidaceae,Oncidiinae)

A synopsis of the genus Cohniella is presented with nomenclatural updates with a discusion of diagnostic features and biogeographical data. Thirteen species and one natural hybrid are recognized. Two new species, Cohniella pendula and Cohniella biorbicularis, are described and illustrated. The following four new combinations are proposed: Cohniella binotii, Cohniella brachyphylla, Cohniella cepula, and Cohniella longifolia. Lectotypes are selected for Oncidium subulifolium, Oncidium helicanthum, Oncidium humboldtii, Oncidium jonesianum var. phaeanthum, Oncidium cepula, and Oncidium wittii. We also propose an amended lectotype for Epidendrum cebolleta and several epitypifications and new synonyms. A key to the genera of the Trichocentrum complex is presented (Appendix) as well as keys to the species of Cohniella.     

Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) in Mexico and Central America: a synopsis

As a result of a recent alpha-taxonomic study of the genusMagnolia s. str. in Mexico and Central America, four new species and four new subspecies ofMagnolia sect.Theorhodon are proposed, includingM. iltisiana, M. panamensis, M. tamaulipana, M. sororum subsp.lutea, andM. pacifica, consisting of three subspecies:pacifica, pugana, andtarahumara. Additionally, a new combination,M. guatemalensis subsp.hondurensis, is made, and a new section,M. sect.Splendentes, is erected for the Caribbean species. The results have implications for understandingMagnolia biogeography, andM. tamaulipana has potential for horticulture in temperate zones. Keys to genera, sections, and species, and maps of species distributions are presented.Magnolia grandiflora L. andM. schiedeana Schltdl. are lectotypified. Como resultado de un estudio alfa-taxonómico reciente del géneroMagnolia s.str. en México y Centro América, se proponen cuatro especies nuevas y cuatro subespecies nuevas deMagnolia sect.Theorhodon, incluyendoM. iltisiana, M. panamensis, M. tamaulipana, M. sororum subsp.lutea y.M. pacifica, la última consiste de tres subespecies:pacifica, pugana ytarahumara. Adicionalmente, se hace la combinaciónM. guatemalensis subsp.hondurensis y se erigeM. sect.Splendentes para las especies del Caribe. Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones en el entendimiento de la biogeografia deMagnolia y.M. tamaulipana tiene potencial en la horticultura de zonas templadas. Se presentan claves para géneros, secciones y especies, y mapas de distribución para las especies.Magnolia grandiflora L. yM. schiedeana Schltdl. son lectotipificadas.     

Six new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Timonius</Emphasis> (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae) from Papuasia

Six new species of Timonius (T. alius, T. bosaviensis, T. creber, T. cyathicalyx, T. insularis, and T. pullenii) are described from New Guinea and surrounding islands. The new species are illustrated and notes are provided on their habitat, distribution and phenology. None of the new species is readily assignable to any previously recognized subgenus or species-group.     

Revision of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heterosavia</Emphasis>, stat. nov., with notes on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gonatogyne</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Savia</Emphasis> (Phyllanthaceae)

Heterosavia (Phyllanthaceae) is segregated from Savia (tribe Bridelieae), recognized at generic rank, and placed in tribe Phyllantheae. Floral, fruit, leaf anatomical, leaf venation, and pollen characters of the neotropical taxa previously united as Savia including Gonatogyne are discussed and illustrated. Keys to the three genera and to the species of Heterosavia are presented. Four species (all new combinations), Heterosavia bahamensis, H. erythroxyloides, H. laurifolia, and H. maculata, are recognized. The new combinations Heterosavia laurifolia var. intermedia and H. maculata var. clementis are proposed. The names Heterosavia, H. erythroxyloides, H. laurifolia, Savia clementis, S. clusiifolia, S. clusiifolia var. fallax, and S. longipes are lectotypified. Distribution maps and conservation assessments (IUCN ratings) of Heterosavia species and varieties are provided.     

A monograph of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ascogrammitis</Emphasis>, a new genus of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae)

This paper describes Ascogrammitis, a new genus of grammitid ferns formerly combined under Terpsichore. Seventeen species are recognized, including five new ones: A. clavigera, A. colombiensis, A. loxensis, A. oxapampensis, and A. tungurahuae. New combinations are made for A. alan-smithii, A. anfractuosa, A. angustipes, A. athyrioides, A. clathrata, A. cuencana, A. david-smithii, A. dilatata, A. nana, A. pichinchae, A. pichinchensis, A. stuebelii, and a lectotype is chosen for Polypodium induens. A key is provided to distinguish the species, and illustrations are provided for 12 species. The genus occurs primarily in neotropical cloud forests, with the greatest diversity in the Andes. Ascogrammitis is one of two monophyletic groups of grammitid ferns that are consistently associated with Acrospermum, an epibiotic bitunicate ascomycete that produces black clavate fruiting bodies.     

Pleosporales in Japan (4). The genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Massariosphaeria</Emphasis>

Six species of the genus Massariosphaeria collected from northern Japan are described and illustrated. Massariosphaeria moricola (on dead twigs of Morus australis) and M. megaspora (on submerged dead twigs of an unknown woody plant) are reported as new species. A new combination of M. clavispora (basionym: Hysterium clavispora) is proposed. Three species, M. typhicola, M. roumeguerei, and M. grandispora, are newly added to the mycoflora of Japan.     

Transfers to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Simsia</Emphasis> and description of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Davilanthus</Emphasis>, a new genus of Asteraceae (Heliantheae)

Taxonomic changes are made to reflect a reassessment of morphology based on the results of molecular phylogenetic studies. A new genus, Davilanthus, is described to include six species that collectively form the sister group to Simsia, and includes the following species transferred from Viguiera: Davilanthus davilae, Davilanthus hidalgoanus, Davilanthus hypargyreus, Davilanthus huajuapanus, Davilanthus purpusii, and Davilanthus sericeus. Three species formerly placed in Viguiera ser. Grammatoglossae are transferred to Simsia: Simsia benziorum, Simsia ovata, and Simsia rhombifolia.     

Revision of the western Palaearctic Mesoleptus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

The western Palaearctic species of the genus Mesoleptus Gravenhorst 1829 are redescribed and keys are given for their identification. Also a key for the identification of the three stilpnine genera (Atractodes, Mesoleptus, and Stilpnus) is given and the biology of the genus is discussed shortly. The following species are described as new: Mesoleptus hispanicus n. sp., M. sawoniewiczi n. sp. and M. tunisiensis n. sp. The male of Mesoleptus tobiasi Jonaitis is described for the first time. New combinations is M. incessor (Haliday). New synonyms number 143 and 34 lectotypes are chosen.     

Typification and synonymy of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Meriania</Emphasis> species (Merianieae – Melastomataceae) from Brazil

Taxonomic studies of Brazilian Meriania species (Merianieae – Melastomataceae) have identified taxonomic and nomenclatural gaps. The present work proposes one new synonym, M. sanchezii, for M. paniculata; one new neotypification of M. glabra; and five lectotypifications for M. calophylla, M. glabra var. parviflora (= M. glabra), M. paniculata, M. pergamentacea (= M. robusta), and M. urceolata.     

Three new species,a new combination,and a neotypification in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dahlstedtia</Emphasis> (Leguminosae,Millettieae, Papilionoideae) from South America

Three new species of Dahlstedtia, D. burkartii, D. dehiscens, and D. lewisiana, are described from South America, and their relationships with related species are discussed. Dahlstedtia burkartii, from Argentina, has pink flowers with standard straight, whereas D. dehiscens and D. lewisiana, both from Brazil, have purplish to lilac flowers with a reflexed standard petal. A new combination, Dahlstedtia peckoltii, is proposed based on Lonchocarpus peckoltii and a neotype is selected for the latter. Information about geographic distribution and phenology of the species is provided.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Matayba obovata</Emphasis>, a new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Matayba</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Matayba</Emphasis> (Sapindaceae) from Brazil

The new species, Matayba obovata (Sapindaceae), from southern and southeastern Brazil is described, illustrated, and contrasted to its putatively closest relatives. Palynological characters are also described. The new species belongs to sect. Matayba. A key to identify M. obovata and related species in the Atlantic Forest is included.     

Nomenclatural changes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lithospermum</Emphasis> (Boraginaceae) and related taxa following a reassessment of phylogenetic relationships

Lithospermum (Boraginaceae) comprises approximately 40 species in both the Old and New Worlds, with a center of diversity in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Using ten cpDNA regions, a phylogeny of Lithospermum and related taxa was reconstructed. Lithospermum (including New World and Old World species) and related New World members of Lithospermeae form a monophyletic group, with Macromeria, Onosmodium, Nomosa, Lasiarrhenum, and Psilolaemus nested among species of Lithospermum. New World Lithospermeae also is a monophyletic group, with Eurasian species of Lithospermum sister to this group. Because Lithospermum is not monophyletic without the inclusion of the other New World genera, species from these genera are transferred to Lithospermum, and appropriate nomenclatural changes are made. New combinations are Lithospermum album, Lithospermum barbigerum, Lithospermum dodrantale, Lithospermum exsertum, Lithospermum helleri, Lithospemum leonotis, Lithospermum notatum, Lithospermum oaxacanum, Lithospermum pinetorum, Lithospermum rosei, Lithospermum trinverium, and Lithospermum unicum; new names are Lithospermum chiapense, Lithospermum johnstonii, Lithospermum macromeria, Lithospermum onosmodium, Lithospermum rzedowskii, and Lithospermum turneri.