人乳头瘤病毒在宫颈鳞癌宫旁组织中的表达及意义

为研究高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high-risk human papillomavirus,hr-HPV)在宫颈鳞癌宫旁组织中的表达及意义,采用免疫组织化学技术对51例宫颈鳞癌患者术后宫旁组织不同位点的hr-HPV表达情况进行检测,应用重复测量设计的方差分析及单因素分析方法进行统计。hr-HPV在宫旁组织中的表达随着距宫颈距离的增加呈明显的梯度下降趋势(P0.05),在不同临床分期、宫颈浸润深度、淋巴结转移组内表达存在差异(P0.05),当临床分期ⅠB1期、宫颈浸润深度≤1/2以及无淋巴结转移时,hr-HPV在距离宫颈2 cm处主韧带、骶韧带及距离宫颈3 cm处阴道中表达开始与正常对照组无差异(P0.05)。结果表明,部分早期宫颈鳞癌患者可选择Ⅱ型改良式根治性子宫切除术,但阴道切除仍推荐3 cm。     

GDF-15在子宫内膜样腺癌中的表达及意义

目的通过检测生长分化因子15(growth differentiation factor-15,GDF-15)蛋白在正常子宫内膜组织和子宫内膜样腺癌组织中的表达,探讨其在子宫内膜样腺癌中的临床意义。方法运用组织芯片技术和免疫组织化学法检测30例正常子宫内膜组织和52例子宫内膜样腺癌组织中GDF-15表达情况,采取多种统计学方法对数据进行详细分析比较。结果GDF-15在子宫正常内膜组织和内膜样腺癌中的阳性表达率分别是6.7%(2/30)和69.2%(36/52),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=29.947,P=0.000);GDF-15在子宫内膜样腺癌组织浸润深度达≥1/2肌层组中阳性率是90.0%(18/20),明显高于浸润深度1/2肌层组的阳性表达率56.3%(18/32,χ2=6.581,P=0.010);GDF-15在FIGO分期Ⅲ以上癌组织阳性表达率为100%(11/11),显著高于在Ⅰ-Ⅱ期癌组织中阳性表达率61.0%(25/41,χ2=6.201,P=0.013);GDF-15在出现淋巴结转移的阳性表达率为89.5%(17/19),显著高于无淋巴结转移的阳性表达率57.6%(19/33,χ2=5.759,P=0.016);,年龄、月经状态、肿瘤最大直径、病理学分级均与GDF-15表达无关(全部P0.05)。结论 GDF-15表达上调促进子宫内膜样腺癌发展,检测其表达对子宫内膜样腺癌患者的发展及预后的判断有重要参考价值。     

Diversin在胃腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究diversin在胃腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法收集沈阳医学院附属中心医院病理科胃腺癌蜡块组织77例及癌旁组织50例,采用En Vision两步法检测diversin在胃腺癌组织及癌旁组织中的免疫组织化学表达。结果Diversin在胃腺癌组织中高表达,其在胃腺癌组织表达的阳性率为70%,明显高于癌旁组织34%,且diversin在胃腺癌中的表达与淋巴结转移,浸润深度,肿瘤大小均呈正相关,与年龄、性别和分化程度不相关。结论 Diversin在胃腺癌中高表达,并且diversin与胃腺癌患者的淋巴结转移及浸润深度呈正相关,提示高表达diversin的胃腺癌患者可能预后不良,diversin可能作为胃腺癌诊治的新的生物学指标及基因靶点。     

改良根治性与根治性子宫切除在控制Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌复发中的临床价值

目的:探究改良根治性与根治性子宫切除治疗Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌的临床价值,为临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌的治疗提供指导和借鉴。方法:选取我院2007年1月至2008年12月期间收治的Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌患者为研究对象,共计91例,根据患者临床治疗方法不同分成观察组(n=47)和对照组(n=44),观察组患者采用改良根治性与根治性子宫切除术,对照组采用改良根治性与根治性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术,分析比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症和5年生存率等。结果:在手术时间、手术出血量和住院时间上,组间比较,观察组患者的指标水平均显著优于对照组患者,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);在并发症发生率上,组间比较,观察组患者并发症发生率显著低于对照组患者的并发症发生率,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);5年生存率和局部复发率,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用改良根治性与根治性子宫切除术治疗Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌具有较好的临床效果,可以有效的控制患者的复发率,淋巴结清扫术并不能显著改善复发率。     

FAS在子宫内膜样腺癌及其癌前病变中的表达及意义

目的研究脂肪酸合成酶(Fatty acid synthase FAS)在子宫内膜样腺癌及其癌前病变中的表达以及与临床病理意义。方法 37例子宫内膜样腺癌、21例子宫内膜非典型增生、23例子宫内膜复杂性增生、17例子宫内膜单纯性增生及11例增生期子宫内膜中FAS的表达情况,结合临床病理参数并进行统计学分析。结果 FAS在子宫内膜样腺癌、子宫内膜非典型增生、子宫内膜复杂性增生、子宫内膜单纯性增生及增生期子宫内膜中均有表达,其阳性表达率依次为81.1%、57.1%、56.5%、52.9%、45.5%。子宫内膜样腺癌中FAS的阳性表达率明显高于增生期子宫内膜、子宫内膜单纯性增生、子宫内膜复杂性增生及子宫内膜非典型增生(P<0.05)。FAS的阳性表达率在浸润深度≥1/2肌层的子宫内膜样腺癌明显高于浸润深度<1/2肌层者(P<0.05)。FAS的表达与年龄及组织学分级无显著差异性(P>0.05)。在子宫内膜样腺癌中FAS的表达与ER有关(P<0.05)结论本研究提示FAS的表达可能与子宫内膜样腺癌的发生、发展有关。FAS可以作为提示子宫内膜样腺癌预后的一个新的参考指标。部分ER阳性的子宫内膜样腺癌的发生、发展可能与FA...     

子宫内膜癌组织PRDM1、KIF23蛋白表达与临床病理特征及预后的关系研究

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌组织PR结构域蛋白1(PRDM1)、驱动蛋白家族成员23(KIF23)蛋白表达与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:选择2012年4月至2015年8月期间于我院行手术治疗的80例子宫内膜癌患者作为研究对象。检测子宫内膜癌组织以及癌旁组织中PRDM1、KIF23蛋白表达。分析PRDM1、KIF23蛋白表达与临床病理特征的关系。分析不同PRDM1、KIF23蛋白表达患者5年总生存率的差异。分析子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响因素。结果:与癌旁组织相比,子宫内膜癌组织中PRDM1、KIF23蛋白表达阳性率上调(P<0.05)。有淋巴结转移以及FIGO分期Ⅲ期患者的PRDM1、KIF23蛋白表达阳性率明显高于无淋巴结转移以及FIGO分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,组间差异显著(P<0.05)。PRDM1、KIF23蛋白阳性患者的5年总生存率明显低于PRDM1、KIF23蛋白阴性患者,组间差异显著(P<0.05)。Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示:PRDM1、KIF23蛋白表达、淋巴结转移、FIGO分期是子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:在子宫内膜癌当中PRDM1、KIF23蛋白表达阳性率升高,有淋巴结转移、FIGO分期较高的患者PRDM1、KIF23表达阳性率上调,PRDM1、KIF23表达阳性患者5年总生存率下降。     

Claudin-7和β-catenin在正常、增生和恶性子宫内膜组织中的表达和意义

目的恶性肿瘤转移过程与细胞间粘附作用的丧失密切相关。本研究旨在探讨细胞间粘附分子claudin-7和β-catenin在正常、增生和恶性子宫内膜组织中的表达及其在子宫内膜癌中的临床病理意义。方法应用免疫组化检测30例正常增生期子宫内膜、27例非典型增生子宫内膜和43例子宫内膜癌组织中claudin-7和β-catenin的表达情况,统计分析它们与子宫内膜癌病理分级、临床分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移等指标之间的关系,并对二者表达之间的关系进行探讨。结果在正常增生期子宫内膜、非典型增生子宫内膜和子宫内膜癌中,claudin-7的表达依次减低,阳性率分别为96.7%,66.7%和39.5%,三组之间具有显著差异（P〈0.05）;β-catenin在非典型增生子宫内膜和子宫内膜癌组织中的异位表达率分别为40.7%和74.4%,均显著高于正常增生期子宫内膜（3.3%）（P〈0.01）,子宫内膜癌组织中β-catenin的异位表达率显著高于非典型增生子宫内膜（P〈0.01）。在子宫内膜癌中,claudin-7的表达与临床分期、浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.01）;β-catenin的异位表达与病理分级、临床分期、浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.01）;Claudin-7的表达和β-catenin的异位表达呈显著负相关（r=-0.813,P〈0.01）。结论Claudin-7和β-catenin的异常表达与子宫内膜癌的发生发展有关,并且在此过程中claudin-7逐渐缺失以及β-catenin的异位表达可能对肿瘤的侵袭和转移产生一定作用。     

系统性淋巴结清扫术对子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响及安全性分析*

目的:分析系统性淋巴结清扫术对子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响及安全性。方法:选择2010年6月~2012年6月我院收治的68例子宫内膜癌患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为研究组与对照组。对照组行两侧附件+全子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术,研究组行两侧附件+全子宫切除+系统性腹腔、盆腔主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术。观察和比较两组患者术后3年内的生存率、疾病复发转移率以及并发症的发生率。结果:研究组检出阳性淋巴结15枚,发现4例患者淋巴结转移;对照组患检出阳性淋巴结3枚,发现1例患者淋巴结转移。两组阳性淋巴结检出率及淋巴结转移发现率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组3年内生存率为88.24%,显著高于对照组的67.65%(P0.05);复发转移率为14.71%,显著高于对照组的35.29%(P0.05)。研究组患者术后发生不全性肠梗阻发生率为17.65%,显著高于对照组(P0.05);但两组术后下肢水肿、深静脉血栓、淋巴囊肿、输尿管尿瘘、体温转复时间5 d的发生率对比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:系统性淋巴结清扫术可以延长子宫内膜癌患者的3年生存率,降低病灶的复发及转移率,虽然术后不全性肠梗阻的发生率有所增加,但仍在可控范围内。     

WISP2和Slug蛋白在Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌组织中的表达与E-cadherin的关系

目的探讨Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌组织中WISP2、Slug、E-cadherin的表达与临床参数的关系及WISP2、Slug表达与E-cadherin的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测85例Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌、30例正常子宫内膜及38例复杂性增生的WISP2、Slug及E-cadherin蛋白的表达。结果Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌WISP2、Slug与E-cadherin的表达率分别为35.29%、45.88%及20.00%,与正常内膜(93.33%、10.00%、93.33%)和不典型增生内膜组织(31.58%、26.32%、52.63%)相比,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01)。Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌高临床分期、高组织学分级、肿瘤肌层浸润深度1/2及淋巴结转移的患者中,WISP2表达明显下调(P0.05)。在高临床分期及淋巴结转移患者中,Slug阳性表达明显上调(P0.05)。在年龄大于50岁及肌层侵犯深度大于1/2的患者,E-cadherin阳性表达明显下调(P0.05)。Spearman相关性分析发现,在Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌组织中WISP2和Slug的表达呈明显负相关(r=-0.270,P=0.012),Slug与E-cadherin的表达存在负相关关系(r=-0.224,P=0.039)。结论 WISP2的失表达可能通过上调Slug的表达从而抑制E-cadherin的表达,在Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌发生、侵袭和转移中发挥重要作用。     

HIF-1α与LOX在食管鳞状细胞癌中高免疫反应阳性

目的探讨缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia inducible factor,HIF-1α)、赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyloxidase,LOX)蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC)中的表达和临床意义。方法通过免疫组织化学法检测40例ESCC患者肿瘤组织和癌旁正常组织中HIF-1α与LOX的蛋白表达水平,结合患者临床病理资料分析HIF-1α与LOX蛋白表达与临床病理特征的关系及两种蛋白表达的相关性。结果 ESCC癌组织中HIF-1α和LOX蛋白阳性表达率高于癌旁组织。HIF-1α的阳性表达与淋巴结转移、肿瘤浸润深度T分级显著相关,LOX的阳性表达与淋巴结转移、肿瘤浸润深度T分级和TNM分期显著相关,同时HIF-1α与LOX的表达呈显著正相关。结论 HIF-1和LOX在ESCC的侵袭转移中可能发挥协同作用,可以作为ESCC肿瘤浸润、进展及预后的指标。     

Prognostic Significance of Peritumoral Lymphatic Vessel Density and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 in Invasive Squamous Cell Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is known to metastasize primarily by the lymphatic system. Dissemination through lymphatic vessels represents an early step in regional tumor progression, and the presence of lymphatic metastasis is associated with a poor prognosis. In patients who have undergone a radical hysterectomy, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), assessed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides, is a major factor for adjuvant therapy in patients with cervical cancer. With the advent of a lymphatic endothelial cell-specific marker, such as D2-40, it is now possible to distinguish between blood and lymphatic space invasion (LSI). In this study, the utility of D2-40 was assessed for the detection of lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and identification of LSI. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), VEGF-C, tyrosine receptor kinase-2, and angiopoietin-1 were assessed by immunohistochemical methods on 50 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Clinicopathologic characteristics, including pelvic lymph node metastasis, were correlated with the above histochemical findings. We found that lymphangiogenesis, measured by an increase in peritumoral LVD, was significantly associated with positive lymph node status (P < .005). VEGFR-3 expression was significantly associated with LVD (P < .05). D2-40 staining verified LSI (P = .03) and surpassed that of hematoxylin and eosin-identified LVSI (P = .54). In conclusion, lymphangiogenic markers, specifically LVD quantified by D2-40 and VEGFR-3, are independently associated with LSI and lymph node metastasis in patients with early squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.     

Measurement of tumour volume by MRI to evaluate risk of pelvic nodal metastases in early cervical carcinoma patients

BackgroundApart from the FIGO staging system there are several other factors, including tumour volume and lymph node status, which considerably influence local tumour control and survival of cervical carcinoma patients.AimThe study aimed to determine the prognostic value of cervical tumour volume measured on the basis of MRI in terms of pelvic nodal metastases prediction in early cervical carcinoma patients.MethodsThe records of 49 early stage cervical carcinoma patients treated with preoperative brachytherapy and radical hysterectomy were analyzed. All patients underwent diagnostic MRI, which was the basis for tumour volume calculations as well as the evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes status and parametrial invasion. In each case the postoperative pathological diagnosis was obtained. The correlation between the occurrence of nodal metastases and such variables as tumour histology, grade and tumour volume, FIGOMRI stage IIB, and patients' age was evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine correlations between tumour volume and histological pelvic nodal involvement.ResultsA statistically significant correlation between pelvic lymph node involvement and such parameters as tumour volume and parametrial invasion was proven. The probability of lymph node metastasis is 20% for tumour volume of 17 cm³ and increases up to 50% for tumour volume of 40 cm³. An increase of tumour volume by 1 cm³ increased the risk of lymph node disease by 6.2%.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that tumour volume may be considered a predicting factor in early cervical carcinoma patients, since it strongly correlates with pelvic lymph node histological status.     

Adjuvant therapy after radical surgery of cervical cancer: Zagreb experience

The results of the analysis of the treatment of 72 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix are presented. Seventy-two patients with Stage IB1 carcinoma of the cervix underwent a radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The low-risk group includes the patients without unfavourable prognostic factors that were treated by surgery alone. The high-risk group included women with pelvic node metastases, clinical tumour size greater than 3.0 cm, depth of stromal invasion greater than 1/3 of the cervical wall, Grade 3 tumours and the presence of lympho-vascular space involvement. High-risk patients received whole pelvic radiotherapy between two and four weeks following surgery. Thirty-four patients (47.2%) were in the low-risk group and thirty-eight patients (52.8%) were in the high-risk group. Locoregional recurrences were diagnosed in three cases (8.8%) in the surgery group and in four patients (10.5 %) assigned to postoperative radiotherapy. The incidence of distant metastases was 2.9% in the group treated by surgery alone and 5.3% in the group treated by surgery and radiotherapy. Overall survival at five years was 91.2% in the low-risk group and 89.5% in the high-risk group of patients. Five-year overall survival, locoregional and distant metastases were similar in the low-risk and high-risk groups of patients, which emphasizes the value of whole pelvic radiation in patients with one or more unfavourable prognostic factors after radical surgery in Stage IB1 cervical cancer     

Prognostic significance of DNA cytometry in carcinoma of the uterine cervix FIGO stage IB and II.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic value of DNA-image cytometry in cervical carcinoma of the uterus and its relation to other established prognostic factors. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 116 cases of cervical carcinoma FIGO stages IB and II which were treated with radical abdominal hysterectomy. The median follow-up was 55 months (range 1-162 months). DNA image cytometry was performed on cytologic specimens prepared by enzymatic cell separation from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. DNA stemline ploidy, DNA stemline aneuploidy, 5c exceeding rate, 9c exceeding rate, 2c deviation index, and DNA malignancy grade were computed. DNA-variables as well as various clinical and histological variables were related to survival rates. RESULTS: In multivariate statistical analysis DNA stemline ploidy using 2.2c as a cut-off value and FIGO stage showed to be statistically significant available presurgery predictors of survival, whereas the postsurgical parameters lymphonodal status, tumor size and parametrial involvement were significantly correlated with survival. The synopsis of all parameters in a multivariate Cox model indicated that - with declining relevance - the number of positive pelvic lymph nodes, DNA stemline ploidy using a cut-off level at a modal value of 2.2c, largest pelvic lymph node, 5c exceeding rate, and ratio of carcinoma area to cervix area, were of predictive value for survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that prognostic information deducted from classical staging parameters is successfully complemented by DNA image cytometry which can be applied pretherapeutically.     

Exfoliative cytology of microinvasive squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A retrospective study of 42 cases

The cervical scraping smears from 42 cases of microinvasive squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with stromal invasion less than 3 mm were reviewed. Microinvasion could be suggested in approximately 60% of the cases by examination of the smears. The cytologic prediction of microinvasion was 14% in cases having stromal invasion less than 1 mm; it increased to 72.7% and 88.2% when stromal invasions were 1.1 to 2 mm and 2.1 to 3 mm in depth, respectively.     

Present status of sentinel lymph node biopsy in cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and seventh overall. This disease represents a medical, economic and social burden. In early FIGO stage patients (IA, IB1 and IIA1), nodal involvement is the most important prognostic factor. Imaging evaluation of nodal metastasis is of limited value. In order to determine lymph node involvement, allow loco-regional control of the disease, define the need for adjuvant radiotherapy and improve survival, standard surgery for early disease is radical hysterectomy with systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy. However, this surgical treatment has risks and complications: longer operative time, larger blood loss, neurovascular or ureteral injury, lower-limb lymphedema, symptomatic lymphocysts, hydronephrosis. A method that allows to define the presence of regional metastasis with less morbidity and equal or greater precision is particularly relevant. The use of the sentinel lymph node biopsy is intended to reach that purpose. The present study reviews recent literature on the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in cervical cancer, analyzing its indications and contraindications, injection and detection techniques, tracers used, surgical and pathological approaches and its applicability in up-to-date clinical practice.     

Could the Extent of Lymphadenectomy Be Modified by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Cervical Cancer? A Large-Scale Retrospective Study

Background

The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on topographical distribution patterns of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer was unknown.

Methods

Patients with FIGO stage IB1-IIB who underwent radical surgery with or without NACT were enrolled (3527 patients). A matched-case comparison design was used to compare the effects of NACT on lymph node metastasis.

Results

We analyzed groups of 167 and 140 patients who were diagnosed with lymph node metastasis in the matched primary surgery group and NACT group, respectively, and no significant difference was observed (p = 0.081). The incidence of lymph node metastasis was significantly decreased in the NACT-responsive group compared to the non-responsive group (18.4% vs. 38.6%, P<0.001). The metastatic rates for every lymph node group also declined in the NACT-responsive group except for the deep inguinal and the para-aortic lymph node groups. Clinical response, deep stromal, parametrial and lymph vascular invasions were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in the NACT group. Furthermore, deep stromal invasion and lymph vascular invasion, but not the response to NACT, were independently associated with upper LNM. The number of lymph nodes involved, response to NACT, tumor histology and a positive vaginal margin were independent prognostic factors affecting DFS or OS rates in node-positive patients treated with NACT plus radical surgery.

Conclusion

The frequency and topographic distribution of LNM are not modified by NACT, and clinical non-responders showed more involved LNs. A systemic and extensive lymphadenectomy should be performed in patients treated with NACT plus surgery regardless of the response to NACT.     

Peritoneal washings in endometrial carcinoma. A study of 298 patients with histopathologic correlation

OBJECTIVE: To correlate findings of peritoneal washings in patients with endometrial carcinoma with histologic parameters. STUDY DESIGN: Between 1995 and 1998, 298 women with endometrial carcinoma were treated by hysterectomy with intraoperative peritoneal washings (PW) at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. All cytology and pathology slides were available for review. Pathologic parameters of hysterectomy specimens were evaluated and correlated with the findings of PW. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (10.7%) had abnormal PW. Two hundred sixty-two had endometrioid adenocarcinoma; 26 of them had abnormal PW (10.0%). Thirty-six patients had other histologic subtypes (papillary serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma), and six of them had abnormal PW (16.7%). The incidence of abnormal PW in the two groups was not significantly different (P = .78). Among 26 patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma and abnormal PW, there were 17 cases (9.9%) of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade 1, 7 (12.7%) of grade 2 and 2 (5.7%) of grade 3 (P = .56). Ten cases (14.9%) had no myometrial invasion, 10 (7.0%) had myometrial invasion of < or = 50% of myometrial thickness, and 6 (11.5%) had invasion of > 50% of myometrial thickness (P = .18). Vascular invasion was present in 8 cases (14.8%) and absent from 17 (8.2%) (P = .14). Eighteen patients (7.6%) had stage I/II disease, and eight patients (30.8%) had stage III/IV disease (P = .001). Among 298 patients, cervicovaginal smears performed before surgery were available for review in 76. Five of the 7 patients (71.4%) with abnormal PW and 37 of the 69 patients (53.6%) with normal PW had abnormal Pap smears (P = .45). CONCLUSION: Abnormal PW did not correlate with histologic subtypes, FIGO grade, depth of myometrial invasion, vascular invasion or abnormal Pap smears. A significantly higher incidence of abnormal PW was associated with stage III/IV disease.     

原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的临床分析

目的：探讨原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的临床特点、诊断方法和预后影响因素。方法：回顾性分析随访资料完整的45例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者的临床病理资料。结果：腺癌33例（73.3％）为主要的病理类型。主要临床表现为腹痛、上腹部不适、黄疸、消化道出血等。胃十二指肠镜、内镜逆行胰胆管造影（Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio—Pancreatography,ERCP）、十二指肠低张造影、超声内镜、CT及B超确诊率分别为91．1％（41／45）,93．3％（42/45）,82．2％（37／45）,75．6％（34N5）,68．9％（31／45）及26．7％（12／45）。本组45例均行开腹手术,包括根治性手术,胰十二指肠切除术36例;姑息性手术,胃肠吻合术2例、肿瘤局部切除术5例、短路手术2例。根治术和姑息术后5年生存率分别为46．7％和4．4％,两组生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。对全组45例患者的预后因素进行Cox回归分析的结果显示,手术方式、肿瘤浸润深度和淋巴节转移是影响预后的独立危险因素（均P〈0．05）。结论：原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤缺乏特异性临床表现;胃十二指肠镜、ERCP以及十二指肠低张造影等联合检查可提高诊断率;根治性手术远期疗效较好;淋巴结转移和局部侵犯是肿瘤预后不良的重要影响因素。