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1.
产漆酶菌株筛选及一株产酶菌株的优化与鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
【目的】从26株真菌菌株中筛选高产漆酶菌株。【方法】采用愈创木酚法进行产漆酶菌株的筛选,通过正交实验对筛选出的高产菌株进行优化,并通过形态学和分子系统学对菌株进行鉴定。【结果】26株真菌菌株中有4株可产生漆酶,其中菌株H52.1为产漆酶最好菌株;菌株H52.1产漆酶优化培养基碳源为可溶性淀粉,氮源为硝酸铵,pH为8,金属离子为Ca2+;经鉴定,该菌株为大孢戴氏霉。【结论】大孢戴氏霉在产漆酶方面值得进一步研究开发。  相似文献   

2.
一株产白藜芦醇虎杖内生真菌的分离和鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘芸  殷红  仇农学 《菌物学报》2010,29(4):502-507
从药食同源植物虎杖根中分离得到15株内生真菌,在马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基(PDB)中发酵后对所有内生真菌发酵液进行HPLC检测,有5株菌的发酵液中相关成分与白藜芦醇标准品保留时间一致,确定5株菌能产生白藜芦醇,在此基础上测定了5株菌的生长曲线。其中菌株H8生长最旺盛,白藜芦醇产量最高。应用形态学及ITS序列分析方法对其进行鉴定,确定为拟轮枝镰孢菌Fusarium verticillioides。  相似文献   

3.
产漆酶疣孢漆斑菌NF-05的分离及对偶氮染料的脱色   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
赵敏  王海东  赵丹  谷惠琦  张曦 《菌物学报》2011,30(4):604-611
以木质素磺酸钠为唯一碳源的培养基对带岭凉水自然保护区土壤样品进行富集培养,涂布于愈创木酚-PDA平板。经2,2′-连氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)(ABTS)和丁香醛联氮(SGZ)平板检测初筛,ABTS法测定摇瓶发酵液酶活力复筛,筛选到一株漆酶高产真菌NF-05。形态学观察结合rDNA-ITS序列分析,鉴定该菌为半知菌疣孢漆斑菌Myrothecium verrucaria。该菌株在液体产酶培养基中生物量积累与产酶基本同步,发酵第5天达到产酶高峰,最高酶活力为8,375.87U/L。纯化漆酶对偶氮染料脱色研究结果表明,该酶在96h对甲基橙脱色率达到90%以上,以2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物(TE)为介体时,48h脱色率即达90%以上;该酶在24h对橙黄Ⅰ的脱色率即达90%以上;以TE为介体时,该酶在24h即使橙黄G6完全脱色。  相似文献   

4.
一株产木质素降解酶真菌的分离与鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从自然界中分离到一株产木质素降解酶真菌.平板显色反应显示,该菌株具有产多种木质素降解酶的能力,并通过酶活力测定得到证实.为确定该菌株的分类地位,对其ITS序列进行了扩增并测序,并利用MEGA4.0生物学软件计算其与同属其它菌株的遗传距离并构建系统发育树,在分子水平上确定它们之间的亲缘关系.试验结果表明,该菌株的ITS序列与Irpex lacteus乳白耙菌序列相似度达99%,且与Irpex lacteus XSD-2亲缘关系最近.  相似文献   

5.
一种狗尾草病原真菌的鉴定及菌株致病性研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
经形态学鉴定和rDNA ITS序列分析,16株分离自北京、河北、河南发病狗尾草的菌株、2株分别分离自河南发病虎尾草、牛筋草的菌株和1株分离自青海发病野燕麦的菌株被鉴定为狗尾草平脐蠕孢Bipolaris setariae。接种试验表明,来自狗尾草的菌株比来自其他寄主植物的菌株对狗尾草致病性强,分离自野燕麦的菌株对狗尾草无致病性,分离自不同地区不同样品狗尾草的菌株其致病性有显著差异。菌株NY1对狗尾草有很强致病性,接种后5d植株叶片即全部呈枯死状,接种后7d整个植株枯萎死亡。菌株NY1对马唐和虎尾草也有很强致病性,但对于大多数供试栽培植物致病性很弱或无致病性。因此,B. setariae NY1菌株具有进一步开发成为狗尾草、马唐和虎尾草等杂草的生物除草剂的潜力。  相似文献   

6.
虎杖内生真菌产白藜芦醇苷菌株的分离鉴定   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
利用组织培养法对秦巴山区虎杖进行内生真菌分离,通过内生真菌的液体发酵,对发酵液和菌丝的乙酸乙酯萃取液进行HPLC分析检测,筛选出一株产白藜芦醇苷的菌株M-56,其产量达1.029 mg/L。根据该菌株的形态特征及菌丝ITS序列分析,将该株菌确定为无性型真菌丝孢纲链格孢菌Alternaria alternaria。  相似文献   

7.
采用选择性培养基从土壤中分离到1株产几丁质酶的微生物菌株YX,经形态和分子鉴定为褐色喜热裂孢菌(Thermobifida fusca)。进一步在摇瓶中比较了T.fusca YX在纤维二糖、几丁质、或羧甲基纤维素钠为碳源的培养基中的产酶特性,YX菌株在5 L发酵罐中以几丁质为碳源的培养基发酵到22 h左右时发酵液几丁质酶活即可达到1.7 U/m L。本文首次报道褐色喜热裂孢菌能够产生几丁质酶,具有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献   

8.
【目的】从采集到的自然染菌的豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum虫尸分离纯化得到一株病原真菌,定名为TF-2。本研究旨在确定该菌株的分类地位,为豌豆蚜生物防治提供真菌资源。【方法】对自然染菌的豌豆蚜虫尸上寄生真菌TF-2进行回接试验,分离纯化出致病菌株TF-2;在显微镜下配制TF-2菌株不同浓度孢子悬浮液,采用浸渍法和离体叶片饲养法测定其对豌豆蚜成虫的毒力;利用光学显微镜观察菌株形态学特征。PCR扩增TF-2的rDNA-ITS序列并测序,构建系统发育树对TF-2 菌株进行分子鉴定。【结果】毒力测定结果表明,TF-2菌株对豌豆蚜成虫表现出很强的致病力,1×107孢子/mL处理6 d后豌豆蚜成虫校正死亡率达到100%。TF-2在PDA培养基上菌落呈圆形,白色或淡黄色毡状,菌落背面呈奶油色;菌株孢梗呈瓶状,在菌丝上单生或侧生2~3个,大小为(19-42) μm×(1.1-2.5) μm,基部较粗至尖端逐渐变细,分生孢子长椭圆形,大小为(4.2-11.8) μm×(1.6-2.6) μm。菌丝体产生晶体呈八面体。该菌株的rDNA-ITS序列与长孢蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium longisporum (GenBank登录号: KX426564)的rDNA-ITS核苷酸序列一致性达99%,位于系统发育树的同一分支。【结论】菌株TF-2被鉴定为豌豆蚜的病原真菌长孢蜡蚧菌L. longisporum,对豌豆蚜的生物防治具有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献   

9.
从华南地区采集土样,采用愈创木酚平板筛选产漆酶菌株,获得了一株短周期产漆酶的小型丝状真菌。通过观察菌落特征、生长情况以及显微镜下菌丝和孢子的形态,初步鉴定该菌株为木霉属的一个种(Trichodermaspp、),命名为木霉LaTr01菌株。通过单因素方法研究该菌产漆酶的发酵条件,结果表明:LaTr01的产酶培养基以麦芽糖为最佳碳源;以酵母提取物为最适氮源;培养24h后加入Cu“比培养开始加入Cu ^2+LaTr01产酶活高出约1倍。采用麦芽糖、酵母提取物、Cu^2+浓度L9(3^3)的正交试验优化漆酶发酵条件,结果表明,氮源是影响该菌产漆酶的最重要因素,碳源次之,Cu^+浓度影响较小;LaTr01菌株产生漆酶的最佳条件为:5g/L酵母提取物、20g/L麦芽糖、1.5mmol/LCu^2+,Cu^2+加入时间为培养24h后。在优化的培养条件下,该菌酶活可达480.556U/L。  相似文献   

10.
烟草内生菌根真菌的分离鉴定   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16       下载免费PDF全文
本文报道了从烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)的根际土壤中分离出内生菌根真菌的孢子,用单孢接种烟苗并在温室内水培条件下培养。选出能在烟草上形成菌根的菌株,经过再次单孢接种确认后,进行种的鉴定。从分离的8个菌株中已鉴定出球囊霉属(Glomus)的3个新记录种:漏斗孢球囊霉[G.mosseae(Nic.& Gerd.)GeM.& Trappe]、根内孢球囊霉(G.intraradics Schenck & Smith)和联结球囊霉(G.constrictum Trappe)。  相似文献   

11.
杨萍  杨谦 《菌物研究》2012,10(4):228-230
为深入研究丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)的功能,从棘孢木霉(Tricho-derma asperellum)中克隆了丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)基因task1,并对其序列进行分析。该基因编码355个氨基酸,全长1 757 bp,理论分子质量41.1 kD,理论等电点为6.64,与深绿木霉(T.atroviride)MAPK基因tmk1、里氏木霉(T.reesei)MAPK基因tmkA和绿色木霉(T.virens)MAPK基因tmkA在氨基酸和核苷酸水平上同源性都很高,蛋白结构预测为丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶。  相似文献   

12.
长梗木霉纤维素酶基因的克隆及序列分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
石贤爱  刘月  陈飞  杨锦 《微生物学通报》2010,37(5):0671-0676
从富含纤维素环境筛选获得一株纤维素降解菌株FU05,通过形态学特征及ITS序列分析确定其为长梗木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)。PCR扩增获得该菌株的bgl2、cbh2和eg1。序列分析表明,这3种纤维素酶基因与GenBank上其他木霉同种纤维素酶基因具有较高同源性:bgl2基因与里氏木霉bgl2基因(AB003110)同源性达91%;cbh2基因与康宁木霉cbh2基因(DQ504304)同源性达99%;eg1基因与长梗木霉eg1基因(X60652)同源性达95%。3种纤维素酶基因编码的相应氨基酸序列与其他木霉纤维素酶的氨基酸序列相似性也非常高。对上述纤维素酶基因编码的相应蛋白进行PROSITE motif search,对其N端糖基化位点、纤维素结合区、糖基水解酶家族特征结构区等进行了定位。  相似文献   

13.
Many species of Trichoderma have attracted interest as agents for the biological control of soil borne fungal pathogens of a range of crop plants. Research on the biochemical mechanisms associated with this application has focused on the ability of these fungi to produce enzymes which lyse fungal cell walls, and antifungal antibiotics. An important group of the latter are the non-ribosomal peptides called peptaibols. In this study Trichoderma asperellum, a strain used in biological control in Malaysia, was found to produce the peptaibol, trichotoxin. This type of peptide molecule is synthesised by a peptide synthetase (PES) enzyme template encoded by a peptide synthetase (pes) gene. Using nucleotide sequences amplified from adenylation (A-) domains as probes, to hybridise against a lambda FIXII genomic library from T. asperellum, 25 clones were recovered. These were subsequently identified as representative of four groups based on their encoding properties for specific amino acid incorporation modules in a PES. This was based on analysis of their amino acid sequences which showed up to 86% identity to other PESs including TEX 1.  相似文献   

14.
    
Anthracnose disease is a major constraint for the production of cowpea, accounting for significant yield losses in Nigeria. Trials were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate an integrated approach in the management of anthracnose disease on cowpea. The experiment was conducted in a screenhouse with ten treatments and three replications in a completely randomised design using a susceptible cowpea variety IT07K-298-9. Ten varieties of cowpea were evaluated for seed-to-plant transmission of pathogen with respect to disease incidence, severity, and yield. The highest yield of 12–14 pods per plant was observed in treatment of Trichoderma asperellum and poultry manure combined. Seed treatments using T. asperellum and soil amendment with poultry manure had a significantly (P?=?0.05) lower disease incidence of 8.4–10.5%. This study showed the potential of combining naturally occurring organic products in the ecosystem that compete favourably with synthetic fungicides in the management of anthracnose disease of cowpea.  相似文献   

15.
Sheath blight, which is caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a disease that majorly impacts rice production. A biocontrol agent used for control rice sheath blight must be sprayed on the stem at specific times during rice growth, a process that is labour-intensive and renders the antagonist vulnerable to environmental factors. In this study, Trichoderma asperellum T12 was used to produce preparation by solid-state fermentation using a surface-response method. Rice hull was selected as a carrier based on its ability to sustain the T12 floating in the water and protect T12 from ultraviolet irradiation. The production of a T12-based preparation required 32% wheat bran, 7% inoculum, 2.3 g kg?1 (NH4)2SO4 and 65% water content, with fermentation at 27.5°C for 30 days and agitation every six days. The preparation demonstrated 90% biocontrol efficacy and significantly (P > 0.05) increased the seed-set rate and 1000-grain weight as compared with the pathogen treatment. The population of Trichoderma on the surface of rice leaf sheath in the treatment applied with T12 preparation increased from 232 cfu (colony forming units) g?1 fw (fresh weight) to 436 cfu g?1 fw during rice growth stage, which was significantly (P > 0.05) higher than pathogen treatment. The population of R. solani on the leaf sheath increased from 41 cfu g?1 fw to 271 cfu g?1 fw in the pathogen treatment, while remained stable (P > 0.05) at level of 10–23 cfu g?1 fw in T12 preparation applied treatment. Biocontrol of sheath blight by the addition of the preparation to the soil is effective and decreases the costs of agro-industrial waste disposal.  相似文献   

16.
目的:实现棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)几丁质酶基因tachi2的原核高效表达,研究几丁质酶Tachi2的酶学性质.方法:利用PCR技术扩增得到几丁质酶基因tachi2,将其克隆到原核表达载体pEHISTEV中,测序后,转化大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞,经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后进行Tachi2蛋白的纯化和复性.用纯化的目的蛋白Tachi2进行几丁质酶酶学性质的研究.结果:tachi2基因在重组大肠杆菌中正确表达,其主要以包涵体形式存在;重组蛋白Tachi2分子量约为44kDa,经过纯化和复性后得到的Tachi2有较高的几丁质酶活性.该酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH值为7.0,几丁质酶在40℃以下比较稳定、pH 6~9时酶有较高活性,受Cu2和Zn2+的强烈抑制.结论:成功实现了棘孢木霉几丁质酶基因tachi2的原核高效表达,表达纯化了重组蛋白,明确了几丁质酶Tachi2的酶学性质,为该几丁质酶的进一步开发利用和深入研究奠定了基础.  相似文献   

17.
18.
    
Aedes aegypti is a mosquito vector of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, zika and yellow fever that cause important public health diseases. The incidence and gravity of these diseases justifies the search for effective measures to reduce the presence of this vector in the environment. Bioinsecticides are an effective alternative method for insect control, with added ecological benefits such as biodegradability. The current study demonstrates that a chitinolytic enzyme complex produced by the fungus Trichoderma asperellum can disrupt cuticle formation in the L3 larvae phase of A. aegypti, suggesting such biolarvicidal action could be used for mosquito control. T. asperellum was exposed to chitin from different sources. This induction of cell wall degrading enzymes, including chitinase, N-acetylglucosaminidase and β-1,3-glucanase. Groups of 20 L3 larvae of A. aegypti were exposed to varying concentrations of chitinolytic enzymes induced with commercial chitin (CWDE) and larvae cell wall degrading enzymes (L-CWDE). After 72 h of exposure to the CWDE, 100% of larvae were killed. The same percent mortality was observed after 48 h of exposure to L-CWDE at half the CWDE enzyme mixture concentration. Exoskeleton deterioration was further observed by scanning and electron microscopy. Our findings indicate that L-CWDE produced by T. asperellum reflect chitinolytic enzymes with greater specificity for L3 larval biomolecules. This specificity is characterized by the high percentage of mortality compared with CWDE treatments and also by abrupt changes in patterns of the cellular structures visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These mixtures of chitinolytic enzymes could be candidates, as adjuvant or synergistic molecules, to replace conventional chemical insecticides currently in use.  相似文献   

19.
孔爽  赵蕾 《菌物学报》2019,38(4):513-520
明确棘孢木霉菌Trichoderma asperellum嗜铁素合成的关键基因,能够为进一步探索嗜铁素在生防和促生中的作用奠定基础。本研究在对sidA基因进行定位、结构分析和RT-PCR检测的基础上,利用double-joint PCR技术构建基因敲除载体,经聚乙二醇(PEG)介导原生质体转化、潮霉素初筛、PCR和southern blot验证获得突变株,并对其表型进行分析,获得2株性能稳定的敲除突变体?sidA1和?sidA2。与野生型相比,?sidA1?sidA2的嗜铁素产量在5d时分别下降了38.67%和36.65%;孢子萌发率在12h时分别下降了45.33%和47.47%;产孢量在10d时分别下降了33.01%和41.02%,且突变株在受NaCl、KCl、SDS等胁迫时的抗性较野生型降低。表明sidA基因的缺失降低了嗜铁素产量,抑制了菌体的生长以及对胁迫因子的抗性,sidA基因是影响棘孢木霉嗜铁素产生的关键基因之一。  相似文献   

20.
【目的】对转棘孢木霉几丁质酶基因tachi1的毕赤酵母工程菌GS-tachi1-K进行诱导表达,研究重组几丁质酶Tachi1的酶学性质,优化表达条件。【方法】对GS-tachi1-K进行甲醇诱导培养,纯化目的蛋白Tachi1进行几丁质酶酶学性质的研究;通过单因素和正交试验对GS-tachi1-K菌株产几丁质酶Tachi1表达条件进行优化。【结果】GS-tachi1-K表达的几丁质酶Tachi1表观分子量约为44 kDa,酶反应最适的温度和pH分别为50℃和5.5,具有较宽的温度、pH适用范围;50℃以下保持较高的酶活力,在碱性条件下稳定性较差;受Ag+、Hg2+、Cu2+、Fe2+和高浓度的SDS及β-巯基乙醇强烈抑制。该菌株的最佳表达条件为:pH为6.5,甲醇诱导浓度为0.5%,起始细胞浓度为OD600=2,甲醇诱导时间为180 h;几丁质酶Tachi1活力可达17.93 U/mL,蛋白表达量为6.19 g/L。【结论】成功实现了棘孢木霉新几丁质酶基因tachi1的毕赤酵母高效分泌表达,工程菌GS-tachi1-K具有高表达量和表达产物酶活性高两个特点,明确了几丁质酶Tachi1的酶学性质和最佳诱导表达条件,为该几丁质酶及其基因的深入研究和开发利用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

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