Prise en charge actuelle des ejaculations retardees et des anejaculations psychogenes

The authors have reviewed their management of 220 patients presenting with retarded ejaculation or psychogenic anejaculation between 1973 and 1992. There are three current management approaches: mechanical treatment (vibrator massage); behavioural and cognitive therapy (relaxation, couple therapy) and psychotherapy, indicated when the problem is one of desire. Therapeutic intervention must procede in several stages in the most difficult cases: developing an awareness of subconscious defenses; rehabilitation and relaxation; and untervention at the couple level. This therapeutic strategy has led to a high success rate of 87% of cases, although it requires motivated patients and therapists committed to developing relationships of sexual harmony.     

Etat actuel des recherches geobotaniques et floristiques en Hongrie

Sans résuméAbbréviations des périodiques AGH Acta Geobotanica Hungarica, Debrecen - Bot. K. Botanikai Közlemények, Budapest - Erd. K. Erdészeti Kisérletek, Sopron - MBIM Magyar Biológiai Kutatóintézet Munkái, Tihany Je remercie M. le Professeur J. Pavillard pour la peine qu'il s'est donné à revoir et à corriger mon manuscrit français.     

Implications phylogenetiques et biogeographiques des dernieres decouvertes de Muridae en Afghanistan,au Pakistan et en Ethiopie

Based on recent discoveries of Murid species in Pakistan and Afghanistan, two Asiatic autochtonous lineagesare proposed. Two forms from the African Pliocene seem to be related to these lineages. On this set of data, a new faunal province can be defined at the Mio-Pliocene boundary.     

Conception d’un treillis anti-infectieux et visible en IRM pour la prise en charge chirurgicale des prolapsus génitaux et des hernies abdominales

Surgical operations for soft tissue reinforcement (i.e. pelvic organs prolapse or abdominal hernias) are common procedures and require annually at least 1,200,000 of prostheses. Unfortunately, postoperatory complications and reinterventions are still important, mainly due to infection, inflammation, erosion, exposition or meshes migration. We present here several strategies to bring to meshes anti-infective resistance and clinical follow-up capability through an MRI visible material. A coating of the mesh by degradable polymers (polyesters) trapping antibiotics was created using an airbrushing technique, without modifying dramatically the morphology and the mechanical properties of the meshes. This temporary drug reservoir-coating allows a sustained release of the drugs and hamper in vitro bacterial contamination and biofilm formation on the meshes, associated to a large periprosthetic microorganism growth inhibition for a minimum of three days. Simultaneously, magnetic resonance contrast agent was grafted onto the backbone of polymers and used as coating material in order to bring MRI visibility property to meshes. In vitro, polymers-contrast agent coating induce a significant signal in an experimental MRI (7 Tesla) and no contrast agent release was observed during the stability studies, whatever the sterilization procedures used.     

Comparaison des teneurs en saccharose et en nucléotides riches en énergie des graines en germination d'une betterave sucrière et d'une betterave fourragère

Comparison of a sugar beet with a forage beet variety shows that, during germination, the seedlings have the same nucleoside triphosphate content, but those of sugar beet contain more sucrose and less UDPG than those of forage beet.     

L'organisation et le programme des centres de recherches climatologiques en France

Sans résumé Directeur de Laboratoire à l'Institut National d'Hydrologie et de Climatologie, Directeur du Centre de Recherches Climatologiques de PAU.     

Technique amelioree pour l'etude des meioses males et en particulier du mode d'association des gonosomes

An improved technique for the study of meiosis is described. The principle is based on the use of Ca- and Mg- free isotonic salt solution buffered with phosphates and of hypotonic medium without citrate. Thousands of meiotic randomly dispersed prophases may be observed in good conditions regarding not only the preservation and spreading of autosomic bivalents but also the mode of association between the X and Y inside the sex vesicle. In the Rat, it seems clear that inside the sex vesicle in pachytene the Y (heterochromatic) and the X (not heterochromatic) chromosomes are already associated “end to end” and that there is no chiasmatic relation between them. In diplotene, the Y chromosome has been seen associated by its non-centromeric end, the X, apparently by its short-arms end. The question to know whether this kind of association is peculiar to the Rat or may be generalized to all placental mammals is still under investigation. In the Sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni), the normal translocation of the Y on an autosome is cleary, demonstrable during meiosis as a peculiar type of association (trivalent).      

Les copépodes en Sri Lanka (Calanoïdes et Cyclopoïdes)

A revision of the list of Copepoda produced recently by Fernando (1980) was necessary to take in account the progress of knowledge in this field. 25 species were listed. Now, seven of them keep their name. Another one is placed in another genus. Seven mistakes were corrected. Two species are new for Science,Microcyclops elegans andThermocyclops orientalis. Two varieties of already known species are also described. Eleven species are new for Sri Lanka. Three other, noted by Fernando (1980) do not seem to exist in Sri Lanka and four were not found again in the numerous samples studied.

     

Particularité des traitements anticoagulants et de leur surveillance en gériatrie

Frail elderly patients are at high risk of both thromboembolic disease and bleeding, especially those older than 80 years of age. Anticoagulants have narrow therapeutic ranges and are difficult to use to older patients because polymedication and multiple comordities are frequent in this population. To minimize the risk of haemorrhage, caution should be used when administering anti-coagulant treatment in these frail patients.     

Le modele matriciel deterministe de Leslie et ses applications en dynamique des populations

The Leslie matrix model (Leslie, 1945) for discrete population growth has been modified and used several times in population dynamics. A review is given of the basic model (n _t + 1 = An _t) and of its principal modifications. The modifications relating to the influences of internal or external factors to the population are studied with greater detail. The same applies to models where the population is divided in stages rather than in age classes.In the same line, Hadjibiros (1975, 1976) studied a more general model, where the transition matrix corresponds to a population divided in stages of unequal duration, and where the time varying influences of the internal or external factors are included. This model offers the possibility of computer simulation of the population dynamics of a natural population represented by a demographic vector.Some kind of relationship is proposed between the general matrix model and the Lefkovitch matrix (Lefkovitch, 1964, 1965); the elements of which, obtained by regression techniques from census data, describe the biological dependance of a stage i at time t + 1 on a stage j at time t.

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Travail réalisé dans le cadre du contrat DGRST n° 74 7 0452: Modélisation des systèmes litière-sol (Responsables: C. Geri et J. P. Cancela da Fonseca).     

Les statuettes féminines en ivoire des faciès gravettiens et post-gravettiens en Europe centrale et orientale : modes de fabrication et de représentation

During the Upper Palaeolithic, especially in Gravettian times, the hunter-gatherer societies had an economy closely linked with the exploitation of two local species in Eastern Europe: reindeer and woolly mammoth. The ivory objects are rich archives about their ways of life and their collective imagination, as in particular the ivory female statuettes show. These figurines, also called “Venus”, are one of the cultural characteristics of the Gravettian sites. To date, although they are more numerous in Eastern Europe, they were discovered, in a variable number, also in site of Central and Western Europe; today, we have no clue that this cultural tradition crossed the Pyrenees. The corpus of pieces from the Gravettian sites of the Russian Plain (dated between 25,000 and 21,000 B.P.) is the more informative about technological know-how of the Gravettian craftsmen. He consists in the leading material of this paper, completed with some data about Epigravettian and Magdalenian statuettes. Whereas the Gravettian figurines show figurative female representations, those of the later cultural facies are more stylized. In a technological point of view, there is a close link between the choice of blanks within the mammoth tusk and the morphology of the statuettes, whatever the period of time considered.     

Étude de la discrimination strontium-calcium chez le Haricot en fonction du rapport et des teneurs respectives en Sr et Ca de la solution nutritive

The discrimination between strontium and calcium is not only conditioned by the Sr/Ca ratio of the nutrient solution but also by the total dose (Ca + Sr) of the medium. The variation of the observed ratio in relation to the total dose is closely related with the Sr/Ca ratio of the solution. Sr is preferentially fixed by the roots when the Sr/Ca ratio of the solution is low; such a result is observed in the shoots for higher ratios. For all the treatments, the OR of the leaves is lower than unity (discrimination against strontium). When the stable strontium concentration of the solution is not detectable, an increase in the calcium concentration reduces the radiostrontium retention by the roots.