白腐菌产漆酶的纯化及部分酶学性质

对白腐菌W 1产生的漆酶粗酶液通过超滤浓缩、分子筛和离子交换层析进行纯化 .用SDS PAGE证明该酶的分子量大约为 6 2 4kD .等电聚焦电泳显示该酶的等电点为 3 5 .酶反应的最适温度为 5 0℃ ,最适pH值为 4 5 .此酶氧化DMP的Km 值为 3 84× 10 -5mol L .金属离子对酶活的影响很大 ,其中K+ 、Mn2 + 、Ag+ 对酶活有促进作用 ,Fe2 + 、Fe3 + 、Hg2 + 、Co2 + 、Ba2 + 等对酶活有明显的抑制作用 .酶对部分染料也有一定的脱色效果     

一色齿毛菌漆酶LacT-1的分离纯化与性质研究

漆酶可以与多种底物反应,具有广阔的应用前景,但不同漆酶其性质有一定差异.本文研究的漆酶,由一色齿毛菌(Cerrena unicolor)发酵上清经过(NH4)2SO4沉淀、疏水层析(phenyl sepharose)、离子交换层析(DEAE sepharose)和凝胶层析(TSK gel G2000SWxl)纯化得到,...     

一色齿毛菌对百菌清的生物降解研究

为了验证白腐真菌对杀菌剂——百菌清的降解能力,并初步探讨其降解机制,以平皿培养方式对70株白腐真菌菌株降解百菌清的能力进行验证和筛选,并选择降解作用突出的一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor Y4941进行液体培养条件下对百菌清的降解。结果表明:卵菌杀菌剂没有对测试的白腐真菌产生抑制或杀灭作用,在所筛选的70株菌株中,一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor Y4941、硬毛粗盖孔菌Funalia trogii W4289、桦褶孔菌Lenzites betulina Y4962、藏红硬孔菌Rigidoporus crocatus D10146、裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune D9466和云芝栓孔菌Trametes versicolor W4614等菌株都对百菌清显示出较强的降解能力;对一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor Y4941在液体培养条件下降解百菌清研究的实验结果表明,活菌(living culture,LC)降解率粗酶液(crude enzyme liquor,CEL)降解率灭活菌丝体(devitalized mycelia,DM)降解率,经过活菌降解3d的样品中百菌清的残留率仅为1.92%;对培养液中漆酶活性测定结果显示,漆酶活性最高可达2 195.55U/L。上述证明,杀菌剂百菌清不对白腐真菌产生抑制或杀灭作用,相反,一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor Y4941等菌株对其有很强的降解能力,在杀菌剂生物降解领域有潜在的应用前景。     

毛栓菌漆酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

对毛栓菌产漆酶的分离、纯化及酶学性质进行研究。粗酶液经硫酸铵盐析、透析、DEAE-Sepharose柱层析,得到2种漆酶同工酶LacA和LacB。LacA和LacB回收率分别为17.1%和2.74%。SDS-PAGE电泳测得2漆酶的分子量分别为54.6 ku和7.7 ku;LacA和LacB最适作用温度分别为50℃和60℃;最适反应pH值分别为4.5和4.0;Cu2＋、Mg2＋对LacA有激活作用,对LacB影响不大;Ag＋对LacA和LacB表现为完全抑制;Fe3＋对LacA和LacB有一定的抑制作用;Ca2＋、Mn2＋、K＋、Na＋、Zn2＋对LacA和LacB影响不大。DTT、EDTA、DMSO、SDS对酶均有不同程度的抑制作用,且随其浓度的升高抑制作用增强。     

一色齿毛菌CB1对活性染料的脱色研究

前期工作中采用组织分离法分离、纯化得到一白腐真菌CB1,本研究进一步观察菌株CB1形态特征和培养特性,克隆菌株CB1的ITS基因序列,对菌株CB1的ITS序列进行同源性比对和系统进化分析,完成菌株CB1综合的鉴定。同时对菌株CB1脱色两种活性染料进行了研究,探讨菌株CB1脱色活性染料的能力。结果表明,菌株CB1形态特征和培养特性与一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor特征基本吻合,菌株CB1的系统进化分析表明菌株CB1的ITS序列与一色齿毛菌的ITS序列有较近的进化关系,形态学和分子生物学综合鉴定菌株CB1为C.unicolor CB1。染料脱色结果表明,菌株CB1可以明显脱色活性黑和活性红染料,与脱色活性黑相比,菌株CB1可以更有效地脱色活性红染料,在脱色12d时,菌株CB1对浓度为10、50、100、250、500mg/L的活性黑脱色率分别为96%、93%、65%、55%、40%,菌株CB1对浓度为10、50、100、250、500mg/L的活性红在12d时的脱色率分别为98%、95%、91%、87%、83%。     

漆酶高产工程菌构建及漆酶对RBBR的脱色作用

研究提取产漆酶白腐菌 (Fomelignosus)的总RNA ,利用RT PCR克隆到漆酶的cDNA ,并将其克隆到表达载体pGAPZA ,重组质粒经线性化、电激转化PichiapastorisGS115、通过底物显色反应筛选漆酶生产工程菌株 ,在最适培养条件下该菌株产酶活力高达 9 0 3U·mL-1。纯化得到漆酶对RBBR(RemazolbrilliantblueR)有很好的脱色作用 ,该酶的最适脱色pH为 5 0 ,最适脱色温度为 30℃。当溶液中漆酶活力为 1 0U·mL-1,在最适脱色条件下作用12h ,10 0mg·L-1RBBR溶液脱色率可达 90 %以上。     

白腐真菌SYBC-L2漆酶的分离纯化及其在毛纺染料脱色中的应用

经过硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-cellulose离子交换层析、SephacrylTMS-200柱层析,从白腐菌株Phellinus sp. SYBC-L2所产的漆酶中纯化得到电泳纯漆酶Lac3,其纯化倍数为28.27,回收率为14.76%.Lac3为一种糖蛋白,糖含量29.66%,SDS-PAGE表观分子量约为64.3 kD;其催化氧化DMP(2,6-Dimethoxyphenol)的表观Km值和Vmax分别为1.01 mmol/L和186.2 U/mg蛋白.Lac3的最适温度为60℃,最适pH为3.5;在30℃～50℃和pH 4.5～9.0范围内稳定.Cu2+、SO42-、CO32-对Lac3具有一定促进作用,而Fe3+、Fe2+、NO3-则具有抑制作用.色素的最佳脱色条件为(Lac3终浓度为2 U/ml):媒介元PV在温度50 ℃、pH值3.0的条件下反应2 h,脱色率可达95.10%;弱酸蓝在温度40 ℃、pH值4.0的条件下作用3 h,脱色率为75.09%.     

灵芝EIM-40漆酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

采用冻干浓缩、（NH4）2S04盐析、HiTrapphenyl（FF）疏水层析和QSepharose FastFlow离子交换层析对灵芝EIM-40发酵液进行分离纯化,获得纯化漆酶,纯化倍数为14．6,回收率为5．3％。SDS-PAGE银染的结果为单一条带,相对分子质量约为6．53×104。以愈创木酚和2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）为催化底物进行酶学性质研究,最适pH分别为4．8和4．5,最适温度分别为55和50℃,2种底物在pH4．0。5．0范围内,温度低于50℃时,酶的稳定性都很好。以愈创木酚为底物,Km=645．0umol／L;以ABTS为底物,Km=22．2txmol／L。Cu2＋对该酶起激活作用,Fe2＋、Ca2＋、Ba2＋则完全抑制酶的活性。     

白腐真菌漆酶的纯化及性质

液体发酵培养白腐真菌F9,粗酶液经盐析、透析浓缩、葡聚糖G-100柱层析、DEAE-纤维素离子交换层析四步分离纯化,得电泳纯漆酶。经SDS-PAGE法测定酶的相对分子质量约为6×104,酶活回收率达46.47%,纯度提高了18.86倍。F9漆酶最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH为4.8,在35℃以下、pH 4.8～5.4的范围内稳定性较强。其催化愈创木酚的Km为4.61 mmol/L,vm为6.27 mmol/(L.min)。K+对其有激活作用,而Fe2+、Fe3+对其有明显抑制作用。     

Decolorization of reactive dyes by the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor in sequencing batch reactors

The white rot fungus Trametes versicolor was shown to be capable of decolorizing three reactive dyes in a sequencing batch process, using glucose as the carbon and energy source over an extended period without supplementation of new mycelium. Decolorization activity was related to the expression of extracellular peroxidases and could be continuously reactivated by sheering the suspended pellets. Pure culture experiments were carried out simultaneously in agitated Erlenmeyer flasks and in completely stirred tank reactors with two azo dyes, C.I. Reactive Black 5 and C.I. Reactive Red 198 as well as the anthraquinone dye C.I. Reactive Blue 19 (Brilliant Blue R). Results show high and stable degrees of decolorization of 91%-99% in both systems, which could be repeated without decrease in activity over time. Under nonsterile conditions only five cycles of decolorization could be achieved. An increasing bacterial population suppressed fungal growth and the formation of peroxidases. Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Catalytic behavior and detoxifying ability of a laccase from the fungal strain Cerrena unicolor

The kinetics and stability of a laccase isolated and purified from the fungal strain Cerrena unicolor were studied. The enzyme was produced in a great yield without inducers. Kinetic parameters were determined by using 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) as substrate. At high ABTS concentrations (> 10 mM) a substrate inhibition phenomenon appeared and an inhibition constant K_i of 24 mM was determined. The pH- and temperature-profiles as well as the sensitivity of the enzyme to several deactivation agents were almost similar to those observed with laccase from different origins. Freezing-thawing treatment, high temperature, acidic pH (< 3.0) and acetonitrile strongly affected laccase activity. The laccase showed a good ability to oxidize different phenolic substances; a significant enhancing effect was showed by ABTS acting as co-substrate. These results seem to suggest that this new laccase preparation may be suitable for environmental purposes.     

Oxidase of the white rot fungus Panus tigrinus 8/18

Extracellular oxidase of the white rot fungus Panus tigrinus earlier reported as laccase)contains copper but has no absorption spectrum typical of ‘blue’ oxidases. Thioglycolate and sodium azide inhibit the activity of this enzyme at concentrations 2.5–3 orders lower than those needed for fungal laccases. The oxidase of P. tigrinus oxidizes syringaldazine, coniferyl alcohol, ABTS, syringic acid, diaminobenzidine, guaiacol, catechol and vanillylacetone with different efficiencies. Oxygen consumption and no hydrogen peroxide formation were detected during substrate oxidation by P. tigrinus oxidase. It is proposed that P. tigrinus oxidase is a new ligninolytic enzyme.     

Purification of pyranose oxidase from the white rot fungus Irpex lacteus and its cooperation with laccase in lignin degradation

Laccase and peroxidases mainly cause polymerization of lignin in vitro due to the random coupling of the phenoxy radicals or quinoid intermediates. White rot fungi may avoid polymerization in vivo by reduction of these intermediates. Pyranose oxidase is suggested to play such a role based on its quinone-reducing activity, but direct evidence has been lacking. In this study, a pyranose oxidase was purified from the white rot fungus Irpex lacteus and partially characterized. The enzyme is composed of four subunits of 71 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. It exhibits maximum activity at pH 6.5 and 55 °C and is rather stable. d-glucose is the preferred substrate, but d-galactose, l-sorbose and d-xylose are also readily oxidized. In addition to O₂, the enzyme can also transfer electrons to various quinones and the ABTS [2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] cation radical. Laccase-generated quinoids are also reduced by the enzyme. Four different technical lignins were treated with laccase with and without pyranose oxidase. Subsequent gel permeation chromatography analysis demonstrated that the pyranose oxidase efficiently inhibited the polymerization of lignin caused by laccase and even brought about degradation.     

Laccase production and simultaneous decolorization of synthetic dyes in unique inexpensive medium by new isolates of white rot fungus

Morphological and biochemical analysis of the newly isolated white rot fungal (WRF-1) strain has ability to secrete laccase in the economical medium consisted of synthetic dyes, groundnut shell (GNS) and cyanobacterial biomass (algal bloom) under submerged shaking condition at pH 5.0 and 30 °C ± 2 °C temperature. WRF-1 strain was found to decolorize synthetic dyes efficiently at pH 5.0 and 30 °C ± 2 °C temperature. The laccase activity of strain was purified to homogeneity by chromatography with yield up to 70%. The molecular mass of laccase was found to be 70 kDa by SDS-PAGE and isoelectric point was 4.8. Biotransformation of the dyes was followed spectrophotometrically and dyes were found to decolorize completely after 6 days of fermentation. LC-MS studies were used to decipher the degradation profile of synthetic dyes by WRF-1. Indigo carmine gets degraded to isatin sulfonic acid and 4-amino-3-methylbenzenesulphonic acid whereas methyl orange degraded metabolites were identified as p-N,N′-dimethylamine phenyldiazine and p-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid. Thus the study would give a road map for the production and application of laccase enzyme on a larger scale using low cost substrate.     

A critical review of the application of white rot fungus to environmental pollution control

Research on white rot fungi for environmental biotechnology has been conducted for more than 20 years. In this article, we have reviewed processes for cell growth and enzyme production including the factors influencing enzyme productivity and the methods for enhancement of enzyme production. Significant progress has been achieved in molecular biology related to white rot fungi, especially related to the extraction of genetic material (RNA and DNA), gene cloning and the construction of genetically engineered microorganisms. The development of biotechnologies using white rot fungi for environmental pollution control has been implemented to treat various refractory wastes and to bioremediate contaminated soils. The current status and future research needs for fundamentals and application are addressed in this review.     

Dibutyl phthalate biodegradation by the white rot fungus, Polyporus brumalis

In this study, white rot fungus, Polyporus brumalis, was applied to degrade dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a major environmental pollutant. The degradation potential and resulting products were evaluated with HPLC and GC/MS. As DBP concentration increased to 250, 750, and 1,250 microM, the mycelial growth of P. brumalis was inhibited. However, growth was still observed in the 1,250 microM concentration. DBP was nearly eliminated from culture medium of P. brumalis within 12 days, with 50% of DBP adsorbed by the mycelium. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) and monobutyl phthalate (MBP) were detected as intermediate degradation products of DBP. In culture medium, the concentration of DEP was higher than that of MBP during the incubation period. After 12-15 days, the concentrations of both decreased rapidly in the culture medium. The primary final degradation product of DBP in culture medium was phthalic acid anhydride, as well as trace amounts of aromatic compounds, such as alpha-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, benzyl alcohol, and O-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. According to these results, the degradation of DBP in culture medium by the white rot fungus, P. brumalis, may be completed through two pathways-transesterification and de-esterification-which successively combine into an intracellular degradation pathway.     

Purification and characterization of the laccase secreted by the white rot fungus Perenniporia tephropora and its role in the decolourization of synthetic dyes

AIMS: To characterize the white rot fungus Perenniporia tephropora with respect to its laccase and to test its ability to decolourize synthetic dyes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Under the culture conditions utilized, P. tephropora produced one laccase isozyme, which was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, size-exclusion chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography. The protein was monomeric with a molecular mass of 63 kDa (SDS-PAGE) and had an isoelectric point of 3.3. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was SIGPVADLTVTNANI and the highest similarity value was found to the laccase from Lentinus tigrinus (86.6%). The optimum pH of the enzyme varied and was substrate dependent. It was 4.0 and 5.0 for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), respectively. Under standard assay conditions, K(m) values of the enzyme were 7.3 and 0.4 mmol l(-1) towards DMP and ABTS, respectively. The laccase was inhibited by NaN(3), EDTA and p-coumarate but not by SDS and NaBr. Laccase was stable in the presence of some metal ions such as Cu(2+), Co(2+), Ca(2+), Cd(2+), Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Mo(2+), Ni(2+), Li(+) and Al(3+). The crude enzyme as well as the purified laccase was able to decolourize dyes from the textile industries, including remazol brilliant blue R, neolane blue and neolane pink. However, several other dyes were partially or not decolourized. In the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole as mediator, only the decolourization of neolane yellow was achieved, while the decolourization of most of the dyes was just slightly improved. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study is the first report on the purification and the characterization of the laccase from the white rot fungus P. tephropora. The high levels of laccase secreted by this fungal strain as well as its stability suggest that it could be a useful tool for environmental applications.     

Formation of coniferyl alcohol from ferulic acid by the white rot fungus Trametes

The white rot fungus, Trametes sp., was cultivated in a medium containing ferulic acid, glucose and ethanol under aerobic conditions in submerged culture. The ferulic acid was transformed into coniferyl alcohol, coniferylaldehyde, dihydroconiferyl alcohol, vanillic acid, vanillyl alcohol, 2-methoxyhydroquinone and 2-methoxyquinone during 48–120 hr of cultivation. The amount of coniferyl alcohol in the culture reached a maximum after 90 hr with ca 40% of the initial amount of ferulic acid. Cinnamic acid, p-methoxycinnamic acid, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, p -coumaric acid and sinapic acid were also transformed into the corresponding alcohols, benzoic acids and benzyl alcohols in the fungus culture.     

影响白腐真菌J610-D对染料苋菜红脱色降解的培养因素

建立白腐真菌J610-D与苋菜红的共培养体系,研究培养参数对染料脱色降解的影响。结果表明：（1）在含缓冲成分的系统中,菌种J610-D在pH值4．5的培养液比pH值3．0有利于反应进行,浅层培养较深层培养好,缓冲成分差别的作用不明显。（2）在不舍缓冲成分的系统中,生长与反应阶段培养液均为pH值4．5时,效果最佳;生长于pH值4．5,反应在pH值3．0脱色率和降解率高于生长及反应都在pH值3．0的情况,但仍有25％～40％的苋菜红牢固地结合在菌体上;pH值4．5生长,pH值6．0反应,导致反应启动滞后约4～6d,最终结果尚好。