Four new species of dactylogyrids (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) parasitic on gills of labrid and sparid fishes from Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru

During a research on gill ectoparasites of Peruvian marine fishes, four dactylogyrid (Monogenea) species, parasitising two teleost species, Bodianus diplotaenia (Gill) (Labridae) and Calamus brachysomus (Lockington) (Sparidae), were found. Euryhaliotrema luisae n. sp. ex C. brachysomus is differentiated from other congeneric species by the morphology of the male copulatory organ, which comprises a coil of nine counterclockwise rings, and by the morphology of the anchors and bars. Euryhaliotrema magnopharyngis n. sp. ex C. brachysomus can be distinguished from all other congeners by having a well-developed pharynx occupying much of the anterior region and by the ventral bar, which is V-shaped, with well-elongated, thin arms. In addition, E. luisae n. sp. and E. magnopharyngis n. sp. can be differentiated from all other members of Euryhaliotrema Kritsky & Boeger, 2002 by the presence of a glandular oval plate lying on peduncle. Haliotrema diplotaenia n. sp. ex B. diplotaenia is characterised by the structure of the male copulatory organ, comprising a tapered-shaped cirrus tube with twisted acute tip and a filament-shaped accessory piece with medial and distal expansions, and by the morphology of the ventral bar (inverted W-shaped, with short lateral ends and two anterior conical protuberances). Haliotrema saezae n. sp. ex B. diplotaenia differs from all other members of Haliotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 by having a tubular copulatory organ with curved distal tip and a filament-shaped accessory piece without lateral expansions, and by the morphology of anchors and bars. The present findings are added to the other six marine dactylogyrids previously reported from Peru.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Empruthotrema longipenis</Emphasis> n. sp. (Monogenoidea: Monocotylidae: Merizocotylinae) from the olfactory sacs of the smooth butterfly ray <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gymnura micrura</Emphasis> (Bloch &amp; Schneider) (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae) in the Gulf of Mexico

A new species of Empruthotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 is described based on specimens collected from the olfactory sacs of smooth butterfly rays Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider) captured in Mobile Bay (northcentral Gulf of Mexico), Alabama, USA. Empruthotrema longipenis n. sp. is most similar to the type-species Empruthotrema raiae (MacCallum, 1916) Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 by having 12 marginal and two interhamular loculi with members of haptoral hook pair 1 located midway along the periphery of each interhamular loculus and those of hook pair 2 located at the marginal termini of the bilateral septa flanking the interhamular loculi. Empruthotrema longipenis n. sp. differs from E. raiae by having a much longer male copulatory organ and from its remaining congeners by the sinistral and extracecal ejaculatory bulb flanking the pharynx, the number of interhamular and marginal septa, and the distribution of hook pairs 1 and 2 along the haptoral margin. This is the first report of a monocotylid from the smooth butterfly ray and from Mobile Bay. The diversity of haptoral morphotypes among the currently accepted species of Empruthotrema is detailed and discussed in the context of monophyly of the genus.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tinrovia</Emphasis> Mamaev, 1987 (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) from the deep-sea fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Notacanthus bonaparte</Emphasis> Risso (Notacanthiformes: Notacanthidae) in the Western Mediterranean and the North East Atlantic

A new microcotylid, Tinrovia mamaevi n. sp. (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea), is described from the gills of Notacanthus bonaparte Risso (Notacanthiformes: Notacanthidae), sampled in the Western Mediterranean and North East Atlantic. This species is allocated to the subfamily Syncoelicotylinae Mamaev & Zubchenko, 1978 due to the possession of a symmetrical haptor with two separate frills. The clamps in T. mamaevi n. sp. are of the “microcotylid” type, arranged in two distinct lateral haptoral frills; the genital atrium and the copulatory organ are armed and the vaginal pore is unarmed. The new species differs from the type- and only species of the genus, T. papiliocauda Mamaev, 1987, in having a shorter and narrower haptor with a smaller number of clamps. Clamps are also smaller in the new species, testes are more numerous, the genital atrium is smaller, divided into two lateral lobes (instead of five) with a smaller number of spines and the eggs have a short and a long filament (instead of two short filaments). The host species and locality of T. mamaevi n. sp. also differ as T. papiliocauda which was recorded in Notacanthus sexspinis Richardson from the South Pacific.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aethycteron robisoni</Emphasis> n. sp. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from the sunburst darter, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Etheostoma mihileze</Emphasis> Mayden (Perciformes: Percidae), in Arkansas,USA

Aethycteron robisoni n. sp. is described from the sunburst darter, Etheostoma mihileze Mayden (Perciformes: Percidae), in the Arkansas River Drainage of the Ozark Region in the Central Highlands of Arkansas, USA. Aethycteron robisoni morphologically most closely resembles A. caerulei Suriano & Beverley-Burton, 1982, A. moorei (Mizelle, 1940) and A. nigrei Suriano & Beverly-Burton, 1982, by possessing a male copulatory organ with a distinct distal curvature and spiraling sheath. The haptoral sclerites of A. robisoni, with the exception of the hooks, are distinctly larger than those of the other three species. This is the first time a monogenean parasite has been reported from E. mihileze as well as the first time the genus Aethycteron Suriano & Beverley-Burton, 1982 has been reported from Arkansas, USA.     

New species of the bristletail families Ateluridae and Lepismatidae (Zygentoma) from Abkhazia and Adygea

Four new species of the bristletail families Ateluridae (Atelura abkhazica sp. n. and Nipponatelurina caucasica sp. n.) and Lepismatidae (Lepisma xylophila sp. n. and L. adygei sp. n.) are described. Atelura abkhazica sp. n. differs from the other species of the genus Atelura in a smaller size, smaller number of ovipositor divisions, in the presence of apical sensory cones on the male parameres, which are absent in the other species of the genus, and in a fewer number of lateral pegs on urotergite X. The genus Nipponatelurina comprises two species (N. kurosai Mendes et Machida, 1994 and N. caucasica sp. n.). The distinguishing features of N. caucasica sp. n. include a significant number of short minute thin cilia on the head capsule, a longer ultimate segment of the maxillary palp, and a fewer number of setae at the posterior margin of urosternites IV–VII. Lepisma xylophila sp. n. differs from L. saccharinum and L. chlorosoma in the distribution of epidermic pigment and in the urotergites chaetom. Lepisma adygei sp. n. is most closely related to the synanthropic species L. saccharinum, but differs in the size of the body, color of scales on the upper surface of the body, and in the structure of the labial palps, urotergite X, ovipositor, and parameres.     

A review of sciarids of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptosciarella</Emphasis> Tuomikoski 1960 (Diptera,Sciaridae) in the Altai fauna,with description of three new species

The taxonomy of the genus Leptosciarella Tuomikoski, 1960 in the Altai Area within Altai Territory and the Altai Republic was studied. Eleven species were recognized, including three new species which are described and illustrated here: Leptosciarella (L.) ulagana Komarova sp. n., L. (L.) angustistylus Komarova sp. n., L. (L.) senex Komarova sp. n. Additionally, L. (L.) fuscipalpa (Mohrig et Mamaev 1979) and L. (L.) truncata (Tuomikoski 1960) are recorded from Altai for the first time. A key to the Altai species is provided.     

Revision of the shield-bug genera <Emphasis Type="Italic">Holcostethus</Emphasis> Fieber and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Peribalus</Emphasis> Mulsant et Rey (Heteroptera,Pentatomidae) of the Palaearctic Region

A complex of the heteropteran genera centering around Peribalus Mulsant et Rey and Holcostethus Fieber is considered. The genus Dryadocoris Kirkaldy reveals no relationship with the above genera and is believed to represent a separate clade of the family Pentatomidae. The genera Peribalus and Holcostethus are revised. The former includes three subgenera: Peribalus s. str. with two species, Asioperibalus subgen. n. (type species Cimex inclusus Dohrn) with six species, and Tianocoris subgen. n. (type species Holcostethus manifestus Kiritshenko) with two species. Holcostethus embraces two subgenera: Holcostethus s. str. and the monotypic Enigmocoris subgen. n. (type species H. fissiceps Horváth). Two new species are described: Peribalus tianshanicus sp. n. from the Tien Shan Mts. and P. przewalskii sp. n. from the northern part of China (Huan He River). P. capitatus Jakovlev and P. vernalis (Wolff) are downgraded to subspecies of P. strictus (F.). P. ovatus Jakovlev is synonymized with P. inclusus (Dohrn). Two new monotypic genera related to the revised complex of genera are established, Paraholcostethus gen. n. (type species Peribalus breviceps Horváth) and Himalayastethus gen. n. (type species H. pilosus sp. n. from Kashmir). A key to, and morphometric characters for all the taxa considered are provided. The key characters, including both male and female genitalia, are illustrated, and distributional maps are given.     

New sepulcids (Hymenoptera: Sepulcidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Asia: II. Ghilarellinae and Trematothoracinae

Five new species of sepulcids (Hymenoptera: Sepulcidae) are described from the Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia and Mongolia (localities Khasurty, Baissa, and Bon-Tsagan). The new species belong to the subfamilies Ghilarellinae and Trematothoracinae: Ghilarella alexialis sp. nov., G. masculina sp. nov., Trematothorax zhangi sp. nov., T. brachyurus sp. nov., and T. extravenosus sp. nov. The genus Trematothoracoides Zhang et al., 2001 (syn. nov.) is synonymized with Trematothorax Rasnitsyn, 1988. A complete list of species of Sepulcidae is provided.     

New species of the Lithobiid genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hessebius</Emphasis> Verhoeff, 1941 (Lithobiomorpha,Lithobiidae) from Eastern Kazakhstan

Two new species, Hessebius golovatchi Farzalieva, sp. n. and Hessebius zalesskajae Farzalieva, sp. n., are described based on material from the Dzungarian Alatau Mountains, Eastern Kazakhstan. The female of H. golovatchi sp. n. differs from all the previously known species of the genus in the presence of 3 + 3 spurs on the gonopod, while H. zalesskajae sp. n. is similar to H. perelae Zalesskaja, 1978 but differs in some structural details of the male and female gonopods.     

Free-living nematodes of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alaimella</Emphasis> Cobb 1920 (Nematoda: Leptolaimidae): A description of <Emphasis Type="Italic">A. macramphis</Emphasis> sp. n. from the White Sea and a revision of the genus

Alaimella cincta Cobb 1920 and Alaimella macramphis sp. n. are described and illustrated. Both the species were first recorded for the White Sea in northern Russia. A. cincta occurs in the shells of the agglutinated foraminiferan Reophax curtus, as well as freely in bottom sediments. A. macramphis sp. n. is described from a single male sampled from bottom sediments. A. macramphis sp. n. is distinguished from two previously known species of Alaimella (A. cincta Cobb 1920 and A. truncate Cobb 1920) by having a longer body, longer cephalic setae, and a wide amphid equal to the respective body diameter. The new species also differs from A. truncate by the distinct striation of the cuticular annulations. The Alaimella species are additionally characterized by having a posterior glandular widening of the esophagus. An emended diagnosis of the genus Alaimella Cobb 1920 and a key for species identification are provided.     

Two New Species of the Genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tshurtshurnella</Emphasis> Kusnezov (Hemiptera,Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea: Issidae) from Eastern Anatolia

Tshurtshurnella bicolorata sp. n. and T. curtulum sp. n. are described from Elaz?? and Malatya provinces of Turkey. T. bicolorata sp. n. is well distinguished from the other species of the genus by the presence of two color forms in males and females and T. curtulum sp. n., by darkly colored females and pale males. Also these new species differ from the other species of the genus in the characters of the structure of the male genitalia.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trouessartia</Emphasis> Canestrini, 1899 (Astigmata: Trouessartiidae) from passeriform birds in Brazil

Two new feather mite species of the genus Trouessartia Canestrini, 1899 (Analgoidea: Trouessartiidae) are described from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Brazil: T. calcealgiana n. sp. from Philydor atricapillus (Wied) (Furnariidae), and T. gigaphallus n. sp. from Tyrannus melancholicus Vieillot (Tyrannidae). Both species have unique features, such as the large hook-like seta sR on trochanters III in T. calcealgiana, and the large male genitalia in T. gigaphallus, which are at least twice as long as normally found in most species of Trouessartia.     

From Eastern Arc Mountains to extreme sexual dimorphism: systematics of the enigmatic assassin bug genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xenocaucus</Emphasis> (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Tribelocephalinae)

The Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM) have long been recognized as an area of extraordinary endemic biodiversity but have remained understudied compared to other biodiversity hotspots. The tribelocephaline assassin bug genus Xenocaucus China & Usinger, 1949, currently comprises two species known from the Uluguru Mountains of the EAM and Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea. Both species are based on single apterous and apparently eyeless female specimens. Based on collections resulting from extensive leaf litter sampling in Tanzania and Ethiopia, we here describe six new species, five based on females (Xenocaucus chomensis, n. sp., Xenocaucus kimbozensis, n. sp., Xenocaucus nguru, n. sp., Xenocaucus rubeho, n. sp., and Xenocaucus uluguru, n. sp.) and Xenocaucus ethiopiensis, n. sp., for which we discovered a macropterous male with well-developed eyes in addition to the apterous females. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that Xenocaucus ethiopiensis, n. sp., is the sister taxon to the Tanzanian clade and support morphology-based species concepts. Divergence dating shows that diversification in the Tanzanian clade started ～15 mya, with the youngest species-level split occurring ～8 mya. Three species occur across multiple mountain ranges in the EAM or occur also on Mt. Hanang, and biogeographic analyses suggest a complex history of Xenocaucus in East Africa.     

A review of species of the sciarid-fly genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycoriella</Emphasis> Frey (Diptera,Sciaridae) of the Altai fauna

The paper presents a review of 14 species of the sciarid genus Lycoriella Frey from Altai, all of them being recorded for the region for the first time. Two new species, L. subcochleata sp. n. and L. altaica sp. n., are described.     

Two new gonad-infecting species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Philometra</Emphasis> Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trachinus</Emphasis> spp. (Osteichthyes: Trachinidae) in the Gulf of Hammamet,Tunisia

Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, two new gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845, P. draco n. sp. and P. radiata n. sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae), are described from the marine perciform fishes Trachinus draco (Linnaeus) and T. radiatus (Linnaeus) (both Trachinidae), respectively, in the Gulf of Hammamet, off the northeastern coast of Tunisia. Philometra draco n. sp. and P. radiata n. sp. can be separated from other gonad-infecting species of this genus by the structures associated to the gubernaculum (e.g. dorsal protuberance, smooth field separating the dorsolateral longitudinal parts), as well as by the length of the body, spicules and gubernaculum. Philometra radiata n. sp. can be distinguished from P. draco n. sp. in having the dorsal side of the gubernaculum distal end provided with a median longitudinal smooth field demarcated by two dorsolateral lamellate parts. These two new species are the first philometrid species described from fishes of the family Trachinidae.     

A review of palaearctic lynx-spiders of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oxyopes heterophthalmus</Emphasis> group (Aranei,Oxyopidae)

A new species group of the genus Oxyopes Latreille, 1804, including three species (O. heterophthalmus (Latreille, 1804), O. nenilini sp. n., and O. takobius Andreeva et Tystshenko, 1969) is distinguished. The group is characterized by (1) complex lateral apophysis of the palpal tibia of males, (2) absence of modifications of the cymbium and palpal tibia, (3) large chitinized plate of the female epigyna, (4) long copulatory ducts of the female endogyna, involuted around the receptacle. The new species, O. nenilini, is described. The species O. heterophthalmus and O. takobius are redescribed. The new synonyms, O. foliiformis Song, 1991, syn. n. = O. yiliensis Hu et Wu 1989, syn. n. = O. takobius Andreeva et Tystshenko, 1969, are proposed.     

New species of the buprestid genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Endelus</Emphasis> Deyrolle (Coleoptera,Buprestidae) from China,India, and Laos

Endelus (Kubaniellus) indicus sp. n. from India, E. (K.) lao sp. n. and E. (K.) khnzoriani sp. n. from Laos, E. (s. str.) sausai sp. n. from China, and E. (s. str.) dembickyi sp. n. from India are described, the two latter species are included in the Endelus bicarinatus Théry, 1932 species-group recently established by the author. E. collinus Obenberger, 1922 is included in this group; lectotype of this species is designated. Keys to species of the subgenus Kubaniellus and of the E. collinus group are provided. E. (K.) kareni Kalashian is for the first time recorded for Shaanxi Prov., E. pacholatkoi Kalashian, E. smaragdinus Desc. et Vill., and E collinus Obenb., for Laos (the latter species, also for Myanmar).     

Gall midges of the supertribe stomatosematidi (Diptera,Cecidomyiidae) in the Palaearctic region,with descriptions of new taxa from the late Eocene Rovno Amber. 2. The genera <Emphasis Type="Italic">Didactylomyia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rovnodidactylomyia</Emphasis> gen. n.

One new genus (Rovnodidactylomyia Fedotova et Perkovsky, gen. n.) and four new species (Didactylomyia dlusskyi sp. n., Rovnodidactylomyia zosimovichi gen. n. et sp. n., R. sidorenkoi sp. n., and R. iconica sp. n.) are described from an amber sample of the late Eocene Period (Rovno District, Ukraine). Two species from a Baltic amber sample of the late Eocene Period, described earlier in the genus Bryocrypta, are attributed to the genus Rovnodidactylomyia (R. girafa (Meunier, 1904) comb. n. and R. capitosa (Meunier, 1904)). The first fossil species of the genus Didactylomyia is described for the first time; two contemporary Palaearctic species are recorded. Keys to the species of the genus Didactylomyia are given.