中国细锤角叶蜂属一新种(膜翅目:锤角叶蜂科)

记述了采自中国河南省伏牛山区的锤角叶蜂科Cimbicidae细锤角叶蜂属Leptocimbex1新种:愈节细锤角叶蜂Leptocimbex zhongi Wei,sp.nov.。该新种与L.terrifica Malaise,1931近似,但触角第6~7节几乎愈合,界限模糊,触角窝上突不互相靠近,侧额脊前半部明显,后半部缺如,单眼后区后部黄褐色,翅基片、腹部第2~3背板全部和后足股节全部黑色,阳茎瓣背突叶短宽,端部圆钝等,容易鉴别。新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学模式昆虫标本室。     

中国湖南细锤角叶蜂属一新种(膜翅目,锤角叶蜂科)

记述了采自中国湖南的锤角叶蜂科Cimbicidae细锤角叶蜂属Leptocimbex 1新种,Leptocimbex brevivertexis Wei et Yan,sP.nov..该种与Leptocimbex tenuicinctus Malaise,1939以及L.marginatus (Turner,1920)最近似,但两性单眼后区宽明显大于长;雄虫上唇平坦,无中纵脊;腹部背板无金属蓝色光泽,第1背板刻纹细弱,腹部2～7腹板大部黑色;中胸前侧片下缘无横脊;单眼后区侧沟完整,底部完全光滑.新种的寄主植物为槭树科Aceraceae的青榨槭Acer davidii Franch.新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学昆虫系统与进化生物学实验室昆虫标本室(CSCS).     

中国锤角叶蜂科一新纪录属及一新种(膜翅目,锤角叶蜂科)

记述了采自中国河北和辽宁的锤角叶蜂科Cimbicidae东锤角叶蜂属1新种:中国东锤角叶蜂Orientabia sinica Wei et Yan,sp.nov.o新种与O.coreana Takeuchi,1927近似,但上唇黑色,前翅C脉和Sc脉端部黑褐色,腹部第1背板黑色具铜色光泽,胸部柔毛黄色,中窝三角形,触角第3节仅微长于其后2节之和,锯鞘侧面观端部圆,具明显的耳形侧突,而O.coreana上唇褐色,前翅C脉和Sc脉黄褐色,腹部第1背板具绿色光泽,胸部毛黑色,中窝倒梯形,触角第3节几乎等长于其后3节之和,锯鞘侧面观端部宽截型.东锤角叶蜂属 Orientabia Malaise,1934是中国新纪录属.     

片角叶蜂属研究及四新种记述(膜翅目,叶蜂科,平背叶蜂亚科)

对膜翅目叶蜂科平背叶蜂亚科的片角叶蜂属Indostegia Malaise进行了系统研究,描述了分布于中国川滇黔地区的4个新种:多齿片角叶蜂Indostegia multidenticula sp nov,短角片角叶蜂I brevicornis sp.nov,黑股片角叶蜂I.nigrofemorata sp nov.和短刃片角叶蜂I.breviserrula sp.nov..基于新的材料重新描述了片角叶蜂属的属征,编制了片角叶蜂属分种检索表.新种模式标本分别保存于中南林学院昆虫标本室和中国科学院动物研究所.     

中国细锤角叶蜂属格氏细锤角叶蜂Leptocimbex grahami种团二新种（膜翅目：锤角叶蜂科）

记述采自中国浙江天目山与湖北神农架的细锤角叶蜂属格氏细锤角叶蜂种团Leptocimbex grahami group 2新种:黑毛细锤角叶蜂L.nigropilosus Yan&Wei sp.nov.和神农架细锤角叶蜂L.shennongjiaensis Yan,Wei&Deng sp.nov.;总结了格氏细锤角叶蜂种团各已知种的特征及关系,并提供了分种检索表.     

中国细锤角叶蜂属两新种（膜翅目：锤角叶蜂科）

记述采自中国湖南和浙江的锤角叶蜂科Cimbicidae细锤角叶蜂属Leptocimbex 2新种:浅窝细锤角叶蜂L.afoveata WeiYan sp.nov.和凹脊细锤角叶蜂L.concavicarina WeiYan sp.nov.。编制了细锤角叶蜂属分种团检索表和L.terrifica种团以及L.gracilentus种团种类检索表。     

中国锤角叶蜂科一新记录种

中国锤角叶蜂科一新记录种ＡＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＯＦＣＩＭＢＩＣＩＤＡＥ（ＨＹＭＥＮＯＰＴＥＲＡ）ＴＯＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＷＡＮＧＦｅｎｇｋｕｉ（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ,ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,...     

美叶蜂属(膜翅目,叶蜂科)研究及一新种描述

详细讨论了叶蜂科平背叶蜂亚科美叶蜂属Yushengliua Wei et Nie,1999的属征,美叶蜂属与其近缘属间叶蜂属Taxonemphytus Malaise,1947以及形态上比较相似的丽叶蜂属Linomorpha Malaise,1947、雅叶蜂属Stenemphytus Wei et Nie,1999之间的鉴别特征。记述了中国美叶蜂属1新种:Y.formosa sp.nov.。新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室。     

沟角叶蜂局Casipteryx Taeger分类研究（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

本文记述沟角叶蜂属２种,其中包括１新种：宽痣沟角叶蜂Ｃａｓｉｐｔｅｒｙｘ ｓｔｉｇｍａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。文中详细描述了沟角叶蜂属已知２种雌雄两性开矿与区别,并给出了重要形态特征图、分布和分种检索表。长痣沟角叶蜂Ｃａｓｉｐｔｅｒｙｘ ｒｏｂｏｒｏｗｓｋｙｉ（Ｊａｋｏｖｌｅｖ）的雄性为首次描述。模式标本除另有注明外均保存于中南林学院环境资源系昆虫标本室。     

中国宽颊叶蜂属一新种(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

记述采自四川的叶蜂科宽颊叶蜂属 Adungia Malaise 1新种:短柄宽颊叶蜂 Adungia brevipetiolata sp.nov..简要描述了宽颊叶蜂属的特征,编制了宽颊叶蜂属分种检索表.新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学昆虫标本馆.     

Giant sawflies and their kin: morphological phylogeny of Cimbicidae (Hymenoptera)

The Cimbicidae is a small family including the largest extant true sawflies (Tenthredinoidea). It comprises four subfamilies, three of which have a northern hemisphere distribution (Abiinae, Cimbicinae – Holarctic/Oriental; Corynidinae – Palaearctic), whereas the Pachylostictinae are restricted to South America. No previous attempts have been made to evaluate the subfamily classification in a cladistic context. In the present paper, 144 morphological characters from the adult anatomy for a total of 95 species of Cimbicidae and 26 outgroup taxa are scored. All subfamilies and all genera of Cimbicidae except one are represented; all families of Tenthredinoidea are represented in the outgroup. Equal weights (EW) and implied weights (IW) analyses are conducted in tnt . The results largely corroborate the existing subfamily classification, except for Pachylostictinae which are paraphyletic in IW analyses with low K‐values. Abiinae + Cimbicinae is always retrieved and strongly supported; Corynidinae + Pachylostictinae is retrieved in most analyses but weakly supported. Revised diagnoses of the subfamilies are provided. Several genera are retrieved as monophyletic, notable exceptions being Praia and Trichiosoma, which are polyphyletic. The evolution of large body size in Cimbicidae is briefly discussed; possible related phenomena are intrasexual competition and mimicry, i.e. resemblance to large apids or vespids.     

A reconsideration of the genusRabdosiella (Lamiaceae,Nepetoideae, Ocimeae)

The two generaPlectranthus andIsodon are compared and found to be very dissimilar.Isodon ist considered to be misplaced inOcimeae subtribePlectranthinae and apparently is more closely related to subtribeHyptidinae. The disjunct genusRabdosiella is compared to these two genera and regarded to be polyphyletic. The AfricanR. calycina (Benth.)Codd is returned toPlectranthus and calledP. calycinus Benth., while the AsianR. ternifolia (D. Don)Codd is placed inIsodon sect.Pyramidium and calledI. ternifolius (D. Don)Kudo.     

Phylogeny and Megasystematics of Phagotrophic Heterokonts (Kingdom Chromista)

Heterokonts are evolutionarily important as the most nutritionally diverse eukaryote supergroup and the most species-rich branch of the eukaryotic kingdom Chromista. Ancestrally photosynthetic/phagotrophic algae (mixotrophs), they include several ecologically important purely heterotrophic lineages, all grossly understudied phylogenetically and of uncertain relationships. We sequenced 18S rRNA genes from 14 phagotrophic non-photosynthetic heterokonts and a probable Ochromonas, performed phylogenetic analysis of 210–430 Heterokonta, and revised higher classification of Heterokonta and its three phyla: the predominantly photosynthetic Ochrophyta; the non-photosynthetic Pseudofungi; and Bigyra (now comprising subphyla Opalozoa, Bicoecia, Sagenista). The deepest heterokont divergence is apparently between Bigyra, as revised here, and Ochrophyta/Pseudofungi. We found a third universal heterokont signature sequence, and deduce three independent losses of ciliary hairs, several of 1-2 cilia, 10 of photosynthesis, but perhaps only two plastid losses. In Ochrophyta, heterotrophic Oikomonas is sister to the photosynthetic Chrysamoeba, whilst the abundant freshwater predator Spumella is biphyletic; neither clade is specifically related to Paraphysomonas, indicating four losses of photosynthesis by chrysomonads. Sister to Chrysomonadea (Chrysophyceae) is Picophagea cl. nov. (Picophagus, Chlamydomyxa). The diatom-parasite Pirsonia belongs in Pseudofungi. Heliozoan-like actinophryids (e.g. Actinosphaerium) are Opalozoa, not related to pedinellids within Hypogyristea cl. nov. of Ochrophyta as once thought. The zooflagellate class Bicoecea (perhaps the ancestral phenotype of Bigyra) is unexpectedly diverse and a major focus of our study. We describe four new biciliate bicoecean genera and five new species: Nerada mexicana, Labromonas fenchelii (=Pseudobodo tremulans sensu Fenchel), Boroka karpovii (=P. tremulans sensu Karpov), Anoeca atlantica and Cafeteria mylnikovii; several cultures were previously misidentified as Pseudobodo tremulans. Nerada and the uniciliate Paramonas are related to Siluania and Adriamonas; this clade (Pseudodendromonadales emend.) is probably sister to Bicosoeca. Genetically diverse Caecitellus is probably related to Anoeca, Symbiomonas and Cafeteria (collectively Anoecales emend.). Boroka is sister to Pseudodendromonadales/Bicoecales/Anoecales. Placidiales are probably divergent bicoeceans (the GenBank Placidia sequence is a basidiomycete/heterokont chimaera). Two GenBank ‘opalinid’ sequences are fungal; Pseudopirsonia is cercozoan; two previous GenBank ‘Caecitellus’ sequences are Adriamonas. Electronic Supplementary Material Electronic Supplementary material is available for this article at and accessible for authorised users. [Reviewing Editior: Patnck J. Keeling]     

Characterization of SLFL1, a pollen-expressed F-box gene located in the Prunus S locus

The S locus and its flanking regions in the genus Prunus (Rosaceae) contain four pollen-expressed F-box genes. These genes contain the S locus F-box genes with low allelic sequence polymorphism genes 1, 2, and 3 (SLFL1, SLFL2, and SLFL3) as well as the putative pollen S gene, named the S haplotype-specific F-box protein gene (SFB). As much less information is available on the function of SLFLs than that of SFB, we analyzed the SLFLs of six S haplotypes of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) in this study. Genomic DNA blot analysis and the isolation of SLFL1 showed that the SLFL1 gene in a functional self-incompatible S ³ haplotype is deleted and only a partial sequence resembling SLFL1 is left in the S ³ locus region, suggesting that SLFL1 by itself is not directly involved in either the GSI reaction or pollen-tube growth. Genomic DNA blot analysis showed that there was no substantial modification or mutation in SLFL2 and SLFL3. A phylogenic analysis of F-box genes in the rosaceous S locus and its border regions showed that Prunus SLFLs were more closely related to maloid S locus F-box brothers than to Prunus SFBs. The functions of SLFLs and the evolution of self-incompatibility in Prunus are discussed based on these results. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. The nucleotide sequence data reported appear in the DDBJ, EMBL, and GenBank Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession numbers, AB360339, AB360340, AB360341, and AB360342, for SLFL1-S ¹ , SLFL1-S ² , SLFL1-S ⁵ , and SLFL1-S ⁶ , respectively.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

Molecular and Structural Characterization of Barley Vernalization Genes

Vernalization, the requirement of a period of low temperature to induce transition from the vegetative to reproductive state, is an evolutionarily and economically important trait in the Triticeae. The genetic basis of vernalization in cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) can be defined using the two-locus VRN-H1/VRN-H2 model. We analyzed the allelic characteristics of HvBM5A, the candidate gene for VRN-H1, from ten cultivated barley accessions and one wild progenitor accession (subsp. spontaneum), representing the three barley growth habits – winter, facultative, and spring. We present multiple lines of evidence, including sequence, linkage map location, and expression, that support HvBM5A being VRN-H1. While the predicted polypeptides from different growth habits are identical, spring accessions contain a deletion in the first intron of HvBM5A that may be important for regulation. While spring HvBM5A alleles are typified by the intron-localized deletion, in some cases, the promoter may also determine the allele type. The presence/absence of the tightly linked ZCCT-H gene family members on chromosome 4H perfectly correlates with growth habit and we conclude that one of the three ZCCT-H genes is VRN-H2. The VRN-H2 locus is present in winter genotypes and deleted from the facultative and spring genotypes analyzed in this study, suggesting the facultative growth habit (cold tolerant, vernalization unresponsive) is a result of deletion of the VRN-H2 locus and presence of a winter HvBM5A allele. All reported barley vernalization QTLs can be explained by the two-locus VRN-H1/VRN-H2 model based on the presence/absence of VRN-H2 and a winter vs. spring HvBM5A allele. Electronic Supplementary Material Electronic Supplementary material is available for this article at and accessible for authorised users.