中国新记录属——颊寄蝇属分类研究（双翅目：寄蝇科）

颊寄蝇属Dexiosoma属于寄蝇亚科、Microphthalmini族,该属种类均栖息于草丛中,寄生于土壤中金龟子科幼虫;其外形特征是侧颜宽,具淡色毛,单眼鬃缺,触角芒羽状,后背中鬃3,足黄,前足基节前内侧大部具倒伏的小毛。已知4种颊寄蝇中,3种分布东洋区,1种分布古北区。本文研究了产自上述两动物地理区的颊寄蝇属标本和文献,首次发现该属在我国分布,记述了采自四川,云南和西藏的1新种,暗角颊寄蝇Dexiosoma nigricornis;简述了分布辽宁和吉林的中国新记录种,灰颊寄蝇D.caninum(Fabricius)的主要特征;编制了本属5种雄性检索表;研究标本均保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所。     

中国蜉寄蝇属分类学研究(双翅目,寄蝇科)(英文)

蜉寄蝇属Phorocera隶属于双翅目Diptera寄蝇科Tachinidae追寄蝇业科Exoristinae追寄蝇族Exoristini,一般寄生于鳞翅口毒蛾科,夜蛾科和尺蛾科的幼虫;主要分布于古北区和新北区.该属区别于追寄蝇族Exoristini 其它属的特征为:眼后鬃列后方具黑毛,复眼具淡黄色长毛,单眼鬃位于前单眼后方,背中鬃3+3,翅内鬃0+3,腹部背板具心鬃.本文系统研究了中国蜉寄蝇属的4个已知种,勺肛蜉寄蝇P.assinilis,锥肛蜉寄蝇P.grandis,直条蜉寄蝇P.normalis和昏暗蜉寄蝇P.obscura;并首次描述了直条蜉寄蝇的雄性和采自我国辽宁本溪的1新种,辽宁蜉寄蝇Phorocera liaoningensis sp.nov.;编制了古北区本属6种雄性检索表.新种区别于近缘种勺肛蜉寄蝇的特征为:第4腹板后缘钝圆,中脉心角至中肘横脉的距离略长于心角至翅后缘的距离,雄性肛尾叶后面观端半部均匀变窄.     

中国噪寄蝇属二新种及三新纪录种(双翅目,寄蝇科)(英文)

噪寄蝇属Campylocheta隶属于双翅目寄蝇科长足寄蝇亚科Dexiinae噪寄蝇族Campylochetini,其幼虫一般寄生于鳞翅目夜蛾科和尺蛾科的幼虫;世界性分布。本属区别于其它近缘属的特征为:复眼具黄色密长毛;颜堤在下2/3或更多部分具鬃;单眼鬃发达,通常后倾;触角第3节长于第2节3倍以上,触角芒裸,在基部1/5～1/2变粗;前胸前侧片具密的淡色毛;背中鬃3+3;小盾端鬃强,交叉后伸;翅肩鳞黑色;前缘基鳞红黄色;腹部第1+2合背板无中缘鬃。本研究的腹噪寄蝇C.abdominalis、双鬃噪寄蝇C.bisetosa和毛颜噪寄蝇C.hirticeps为中国新纪录分布;褐脉噪寄蝇C.fuscinervis、马来噪寄蝇C.malaisei和巨尾噪寄蝇C.magnicauda为中国分布已知种;编制了中国本属8个种的检索表。首次描述了产自我国的2新种;新种模式标本及其它研究标本均保存于沈阳师范大学昆虫标本馆(SNU)。     

美根寄蝇属一新种记述(双翅目,寄蝇科)

美根寄蝇属隶于追寄蝇亚科卷蛾寄蝇族,主要分布在古北区、东洋区和新北区,中国已知6种.记述采自我国吉林长白山和辽宁本溪的1新种,棕瓣美根寄蝇Meigenia fuscisquama sp. nov.,与三齿美根寄蝇的区别在于背中鬃2 3,前胫无前背鬃,中胫具2根前背鬃,第3、4背板各具1对中心鬃,雄肛尾叶和侧尾叶端部均较钝圆.新种模式标本保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所.     

中国卷蛾寄蝇族一新种及二新纪录种(双翅目,寄蝇科)

长腹寄蝇属是双翅目寄蝇科卷蛾寄蝇族中的1个小属,已知2种:Dolichocoxys femoralis Townsend分布于缅甸、印度尼西亚,D.rossica Mesnil分布俄罗斯远东地区。王氏长腹寄蝇Dolichocoxys wangiZhang et Liu,sp.nov.(图1 ~7)主要特征体长12.0 ~13.0mm;触角芒具绒毛; 2后背中鬃较宽分离,小盾端鬃毛状,前胸侧板具鬃;足黑且长;雄性腹部长筒形,第5背板端部延长成细长尾。正模♂,西藏墨脱阿尼桥, 1 300m, 2003-08-10 ,王明福采;副模1 ♂,同正模; 1 ♂,西藏亚东, 1977-06-13 ,吴健毅采, 2 ♂♂,云南德钦虎跳峡, 2 800 ~2 900m, 1996年8月24 ~26日。新种近似于D.femoralis,但体型较大,足基节和腿节黑色,与后者区别明显;又与D.rossica近似,但体型较大,触角、下颚须和足均黑色,区别于后者。新种模式标本分别保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫标本馆和中科院上海昆虫博物馆。此外,报道卷蛾寄蝇族2中国新纪录种:等鬃毛颜寄蝇Admontia podomyia Brauer et Bergenstamm,1889 (四川、青海) ;黄奥斯渥寄蝇Oswaldia gilva Shi ma,1991 (辽宁)。     

中国寄蝇属一新种记述(双翅目,寄蝇科)

记述双翅目寄蝇科寄蝇属1新种,辽宁寄蝇Tachina liaoningensis sp.nov..模式标本保存于沈阳师范大学昆虫标本馆(SNU).     

中国寄蝇科狭颊寄蝇属研究

综合研究中国狭颊寄蝇属73种的鉴别方法、分布、寄主种类;研究并发现一些种类的变异特点,♀、♂异型等现象;文中附有73种的检索表及特征图,15个新种的描述;订正了5种为新异名。重建了狭颊寄蝇属的分类系统。     

辽宁老秃顶子国家级自然保护区寄蝇区系调查报告

寄蝇(双翅目:寄蝇科)是农林牧业害虫的重要天敌昆虫。多年来对辽宁老秃顶子自然保护区的寄蝇科昆虫区系进行了调查,采集到寄蝇标本1500余号,经分类、鉴定共计4亚科21族68属124种,分别约占全国已知271属1187种寄蝇的25.1%和10.4%;包括1中国新纪录属:黑寄蝇属Zophomyia Macquart;4中国新记录种:三色宽额寄蝇Frontina tricolor Shima,安尼里寄蝇Nilea innoxia Robineau-Desvoidy,尾怯寄蝇Phryxe semicaudata Herting,灰欧佩寄蝇Opesia cana(Meigen);36个辽宁新分布记录种和14个中国特有种;初步分析该地区寄蝇科区系组成以古北界种和古北、东洋界共有种为主,合计118种,占调查总种数的95.2%。研究标本均保存在沈阳师大昆虫标本馆。     

中国海南长足寄蝇属一新种(双翅目,寄蝇科)

长足寄蝇属幼虫主要寄生于土壤中生活的金龟总科昆虫,分布于东洋区、非洲热带区和古北区,其幼虫尾节背部均具2根特征性长鬃,区别于长足寄蝇族其它属而为一单系群.记述了采自我国海南省的长足寄蝇属1新种:海南长足寄蝇Dexia hainanensis sp.nov.,与分布东洋区的异长足寄蝇Dexia divergens Walker近似,但胸部背板黑色内侧纵条较窄,雌、雄腹部第3背板均具完整的1列后缘鬃,肛尾叶较窄.新种模式标本保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所.     

中国寄蝇科狭颊寄蝇属研究(双翅目:寄蝇科)

综合研究中国狭颊寄蝇属73种的鉴别方法、分布、寄主种类;研究并发现一些种类的变异特点,♀、♂异型等现象;文中附有73种的检索表及特征图,15个新种的描述;订正了5种为新异名.重建了狭颊寄蝇属的分类系统.     

Temperature Effects on the Temporal Properties of Calling Songs in the Crickets <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gryllus fultoni</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">G. vernalis</Emphasis>: Implications for Reproductive Isolation in Sympatric Populations

Two closely related wood-cricket species, Gryllus fultoni (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and G. vernalis, produce similar calling songs, consisting of 3-pulse chirps. Analysis of field and laboratory recordings of calling songs showed that, after correction to a common temperature, there was a divergence in chirp and pulse rates between far allopatric populations of G. fultoni and populations sympatric with G. vernalis. To determine whether the divergence in calling songs potentially provides reproductive isolation between G. fultoni and G. vernalis throughout the temperature range over which these insects sing, we recorded calling songs of lab-reared G. fultoni and G. vernalis populations between 18 and 28°C. Mean chirp rate significantly differed between sympatric and far allopatric G. fultoni populations as well as between sympatric G. fultoni and G. vernalis populations. Although there was a significant difference in mean pulse rate between sympatric G. fultoni and G. vernalis populations, pulse rate did not differ between sympatric and far allopatric G. fultoni populations in the laboratory study. Considering the magnitudes of differences in calling song characters discriminated by females of G. fultoni and the mean differences and the variability in calling song characters between the two species, the joint difference in chirp and pulse rates may be adequate for species discrimination over most of the range at which these crickets breed.     

中国寒蚤蝇属一新种记述（双翅目：蚤蝇科）

记述中国寒蚤蝇属Triphleba Rondani 1新种:壳叶寒蚤蝇Triphleba conchiformis sp. nov.。本新种缺R2+3,其贝壳状侧尾叶区别于本属其它种。模式标本存放于沈阳大学城市有害生物治理与生态安全辽宁省重点实验室。     

中国异蚤蝇属二新种记述（双翅目：蚤蝇科）

记述中国异蚤蝇属2新种:羽鬃异蚤蝇Megaselia pennisetalis sp.nov.和膨跗异蚤蝇Megaselia tarsocrassa sp.nov.。羽鬃异蚤蝇的体色和尾器的羽状鬃与M.rufipes(Meigen)相似,但后者的中侧片光裸无毛。膨跗异蚤蝇与M.turbidipennis Borgmeier相似,但后者翅较暗、Rs脉基部具1微毛、前缘脉比3.80:1.60:1.00。模式标本存放于沈阳大学城市有害生物治理与生态安全辽宁省重点实验室。     

The origin ofSenecio vulgaris (Asteraceae)

Senecio vulgaris L. (2n = 40) is suggested to be of autotetraploid origin fromS. vernalis Waldst. & Kit. (2n = 20). This conclusion is based on results obtained from experimental hybridisations and cytological observations, and the consideration of morphological affinities, patterns of geographical distribution and hybrid formation under natural conditions. The morphological differences between the two species are related to a difference in the breeding system. WhilstS. vernalis is self-incompatible,S. vulgaris is self-compatible and strongly self-pollinating. Equally, other self-pollinating taxa traditionally associated withS. vulgaris are shown to have evolved independently from outbreeding relatives. Within a narrow frame of relationship, annual weeds have evolved in different cytotaxonomic circumstances.     

中国宁夏六盘山寄蝇亚科二新种（双翅目：寄蝇科）

记述采自宁夏六盘山区的寄蝇亚科2新种,宁夏透翅寄蝇Hyalurgus ningxiaensis sp. nov.和周氏密克寄蝇Mikia choui sp. nov.,分别隶属埃内寄蝇族Ernestini 和寄蝇族Tachinini。宁夏透翅寄蝇外形与分布中国、俄罗斯和欧洲的亮透翅寄蝇H. lucidus 相似,但新种额较窄,触角和足股节均黑色,翅r4+5室不闭合,无短柄,明显不同于后者;此外,新种也近似于分布我国的黄足透翅寄蝇H. flavipes,但新种额和颊均较窄,触角基节和梗节黑色,足股节也黑色,腹部第3、4 背板均具多对侧心鬃,可区别于后者。周氏密克寄蝇外形与分布我国、印尼及印度的毛缘密克寄蝇M. apicalis 相似,但新种雌、雄胸部背板中鬃均2+3,翅前缘端半部无黑色斑.R4+5脉从基部到r-m脉段全部具小鬃,后足端位背鬃3 根,腹部第1+2 合背板无中缘鬃,可区别于后者。新种模式标本保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫标本室。     

中国2种归化植物新记录

报道了发现于辽宁省的2种中国归化植物新记录:白毛马鞭草(Verbena stricta Vent.)和向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.),白毛马鞭草穗状花序粗壮而紧凑,单生枝顶或呈简单的聚伞状或圆锥状排列,且花序轴在果期显著延长,叶卵圆形,无柄,与中国有报道的本属其他物种区别明显。该种原产美国西部至中部地区,近来在辽宁省铁岭市发现有归化。向日葵原产于北美地区,被发现广泛归化于辽宁省大连市,营口市鲅鱼圈也有发现。归化种群形态特征与该地区栽培类型完全不同,其花序极多分枝,头状花序直径较小,瘦果极小,表面纹饰多样性很高。     

Isozyme evidence and the origin ofSenecio vulgaris (Compositae)

An electrophoretic survey of isozyme variation was conducted to test the hypothesis thatSenecio vulgaris L. (2n = 40) is of autotetraploid origin fromS. vernalis Waldst. & Kit. (2n = 20). It was established thatS. vulgaris exhibited fixed heterozygosity at three loci examined, showed disomic inheritance at all polymorphic loci, and contained a gene (Est-1) and an allele (Aat-3b) which were not present in the single population ofS. vernalis surveyed. From this it is concluded thatS. vulgaris is not of autotetraploid origin. Instead, the genetic evidence is in keeping with an allopolyploid origin ofS. vulgaris with the possibility thatS. vernalis acted as one of its two parents.     

There large inversions in the chloroplast genomes and one loss of the chloroplast generps16 suggest an early evolutionary split in the genusAdonis (Ranunculaceae)

Detailed chloroplast DNA restriction site maps for two species in the genusAdonis (Ranunculaceae),A. annua andA. vernalis, were constructed using single and double digests and the sizes of these genomes are 151.3 and 156.5 kilobases, respectively. Three inversions were found inAdonis, relative to the gene order in the majority of land plants. These rearrangements represent two different gene orders and mark an ancient split in the evolutionary history of this genus. Gene probes were used in order to map the endpoints of the inversions and the inverted repeat regions. The inverted repeat is approximately 400 base pairs shorter inA. annua than inA. vernalis. Two inversions, 39 kilobases and 24 kilobases in size, occur inA. annua and one inversion, 42 kilobases in size, is present in the remaining investigated species ofAdonis. The generps16 is absent from the chloroplast genome inAdonis annua. Restriction sites for eleven restriction endonucleases were mapped forA. annua, A. vernalis and four additional species ofAdonis and two species ofTrollius. Eighty-six phylogenetically informative sites were analysed cladistically in order to evaluate the main clades withinAdonis.     

Two new Marasmiellus species found on the bark of living coniferous and broad-leaved trees in Japan

Two new species of Marasmiellus (Tricholomataceae, Agaricales) are described and illustrated from Japan: (1) Marasmiellus crassitunicatus sp. nov. (subsection Inodermini of section Marasmiellus) forms dark reddish-brown, orbicular to reniform basidiomata constantly accompanied by tufts of short filiform rhizomorphs, growing on the bark of living coniferous or broad-leaved trees; and (2) Marasmiellus vernalis sp. nov. (subsection Quercini of section Dealbati) forms small brown basidiomata with nondiverticulate pileipellis elements, growing on the bark of living Pinus thunbergii in spring (April to June).