(山王丌)岗通城虎的引种繁殖

<正> (山王丌)岗通城虎(Aristolochia longgangensis C.F.Liang)系马兜铃科马兜铃属植物,于1979年由广西(山王丌)岗综考队调查发现,是广西热带北缘岩溶森林下的一种藤本药用植物,性味功能与广西著名民间草药通城虎相似,有良好的镇痛作用,民间用于痛伤、蛇伤、高热等疾病的治疗。近年来,我所植化室对其化学成分进行了分析,其根茎含马兜铃酸(Arist     

葫芦叶马兜铃化学成分的分离

<正> 葫芦叶马兜铃Aristolochia cucurbitoides C.F.Liang系马兜铃科马兜铃属植物,为宿根性多年生草质藤本,具圆形肉质根。分布于广西百色地区。民间用于止痛。其化学成分尚未见详细报导。我们对产自广西隆林县的样品,进行了化学成分的分离。现介绍其主要药用成分之一马兜铃酸的分离,葫芦叶马兜铃根中含粗马兜铃酸0.15％左右。经薄层、紫外光谱、红外光谱与已知马兜铃酸比较鉴定,其结果一致。为了进一步证明是马兜铃酸,经用锌粉醋酸在油浴中回流,得到黄绿色马兜铃内酰胺C_(18)H_(11)O_4N与已知马兜铃内酰胺的薄层、紫外光谱、红外光谱对照基本一致。证明葫芦叶马兜铃根中分离出来的黄色微针状结晶是马兜铃酸(Aristolochic acid)。     

耳叶马兜铃化学成分研究简报

<正> 耳叶马兜铃Aristolochia tagala Champ.系马兜铃科马兜铃属植物。是民间有名的“蛇总管”草药,可治疗蛇伤、疔疮、瘰疠等,药用较广。本文样品采自广西的钦州、梧州。藤茎和块根粗粉,分别用酒精加热回流提取,减压浓缩,放置有结晶析出,过滤,分开溶液和结晶两部分,将溶液部分浓缩抽干上硅胶柱层析分离,依次用氯仿,醋酸乙酯-氯仿     

马兜铃属植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展

本文从化学成分和生物活性两方面综述了马兜铃属（Ａｒｉｏｓｔｏｌｏｃｈｉａ Ｌ．）植物近十几年来的研究进展,为马兜铃属植物的开发利用提供一定的科学依据。     

(山弄)岗通城虎的马兜铃酸分离研究简报

<正> (山弄)岗通城虎Aristolochia longganensis C。F。Liang,sp。nov。系马兜铃科马兜铃属的新种,是广西(山弄)岗综合考察队调查发现的。经分析其根含马兜铃酸比同属其他植物高,收得率可达0.62％,经薄层检查其藤茎亦含有马兜铃酸。其他成分正在研究中。 (山弄)岗通城虎的化学成分显示如图1。粗粉用95％乙醇回流提取至色淡,减压至干状,得浸膏8％。将其溶于热乙醇,经硅胶吸附,硅胶柱层析,以醋酸乙酯—氯仿洗脱,硅胶薄板     

马兜铃科探奇

马兜铃科探奇汪劲武在被子植物中,马兜铃科算不上旺族,只有７属３００多种,其中既无栋梁之材,也乏美味佳果,但却有其独到的奇特之处,一些著名的药用种类自古就广为人知。中国有６０多种马兜科植物,全国各地都有分布。囚禁媒人的奇花马兜铃科种类最多的属是马兜铃属...     

马兜铃属植物的药理作用研究进展

主要对马兜铃属植物的药理作用进行了较全面的综述。马兜铃属植物主要具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、镇痛、终止妊娠以及对血管的影响等药理作用,另外值得注意的是该属植物中某些品种有较强的肾毒性及致突变性和致癌性。因此,应用时要引起高度注意。     

寻骨风化学成份的研究

从马兜铃属植物寻骨风(Aristolochia mollisstma Hance)的茎叶中分离得10种结晶性成份。经鉴定为:马兜铃酸 A、香草酸、马兜铃酸 D、马兜铃内酰胺、6-甲氧基马兜铃内酰胺、棕榈酮、三十醇、β-谷甾醇、β-谷甾醇-D-葡萄糖甙和硬脂酸。动物试验表明,马兜铃酸 A 具有明显的抗早孕作用。     

中国马兜铃属的濒危植物

<正> 马兜铃属Aristolochia L.是马兜铃科Aristolochiaceae的一个大属,全世界约400种,主产于热带和亚热带,温带有少量分布。我国有50多种,主产横断山至华南一带。作者根据近年来的野外调查、采集及对存于国内外标本室的大量本属标本鉴定,参照有关资料的划分原则,发现该属植物在我国已有多种处于濒危、渐危或稀有状态。据已知的51种统计,除11个广布种外,其余40种(80％为我国特产)均为狭域分布,而且种群数量极为稀少;其中3     

峨眉山自然分布的马兜铃科药用植物

马兜铃科植物在峨眉山较为常见,其中不少种类为常用中药或著名的民间草药。如马兜铃、淮通、宜宾防已、朱砂莲、西南细辛、前叶细辛等等。多年来,笔者结合药用植物教学、实习,多次上山进行调查、采集标本百余份,经查阅资料,鉴定整理,该科植物在峨眉山共有2属11种1变种,全供药用[2]1马兜铃科药用植物在峨眉山的自然分布峨眉山植被主要按垂直分布不同,通常划分为4个区。马兜铃科药用植物的自然分布如下。1．l高山草甸区包括金顶、长坡、千佛项,万佛项等地,海拔3000米以上,为寒温带气候。植被为高山草甸,以箭竹、杜鹃属为优势种。…     

高效液相色谱法测定马蹄香中马兜铃酸A含量

用高效液相分析方法,测定了马蹄香植物体不同部位中马兜铃酸A的含量。结果表明,马兜铃酸A主要存在于马蹄香的地下根及根茎部分,地上茎中含量极少,叶中不含马兜铃酸A。在根及根茎中马兜铃酸A的含量为0.165%～0.198%,茎中含量为0.012%～0.023%。与马兜铃科其他植物比较,马蹄香植物体中马兜铃酸A的含量较高。     

Phytochemical and biological investigation of Aristolochia maurorum L

Aristolochia maurorum L. of Jordanian origin has been investigated phytochemically, quantitatively, and biologically. Three atypical alkaloids, namely aristolochic acid I (1), aristolochic acid II (2) and aristolochic acid IIIa (3), have been isolated and identified. Of these known 1-phenanthrenecarboxylic acids, 2 and 3 are reported for the first time from this species. The identified compounds 1-3 were first evaluated biologically as cytotoxic agents against the brine shrimp lethality test (BST), in which compound 1 was found to be the most potent (LC50, 4.9 microg/mL). The antiplatelet activity of the methanolic extracts, the acidic fractions of aerial and root parts, and the identified compounds 1-3 were evaluated using an automatic platelet aggregometer and coagulation tracer (APACT 2). Using external reference standards, and a reverse-phase isocratic method, the distribution of aristolochic acid I and aristolochic acid II in different plant parts of Aristolochia maurorum L. during flowering stage was analyzed by PDA-HPLC. A quantitative comparison between two previously reported extraction methods was also made. Roots were found to be the main storage of aristolochic acid I and aristolochic acid II during flowering stage with about 0.22 and 0.108% (w/w), respectively.     

马兜铃酸与钙调素相互作用的荧光光谱分析——一种非钙离子依赖性钙调素拮抗剂的研究

本文报道我室近来发现的一种天然钙调素(Calmodulin,CaM)拮抗剂马兜铃酸(Aristolochic acid,ATA)的研究。利用丹磺酰标记的CaM(D-CaM)对马兜铃酸的研究表明,马兜铃酸是一种非钙离子依赖性钙调素拮抗剂,实验测得马兜铃酸与D-CaM结合的解离常数,有Ca~(2+)和无Ca~(2+)情况下分别为70μmol/L、77μmol/L。两种状况下马兜铃酸对D-CaM荧光强度的抑制分别为40％、41％。暗示马兜铃酸主要作用于CaM上Ca~(2+)诱导的疏水区之外。三氟啦嗪(TFP)引起的D-CaM荧光增强可被马兜铃酸明显降低,而TFP在达到马兜铃酸浓度的15倍以上仍未能逆转马兜铃酸对D-CaM荧光强度的降低作用,这为马兜铃酸主要作用于CaM上Ca~(2+)诱导的疏水区以外提供了又一佐证。     

Phenanthrene derivatives from Aristolochia argentina

Aristolochic acid Ia, aristolochic acid I methyl ester and aristolochic acid II methyl ester were identified in the roots of Aristolochia argentina.     

Induction of structural chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes in vitro by aristolochic acid

The medicinal use of Aristolochia clematitis has been known for some time. The main active agent of this medicinal plant is aristolochic acid, a nitrophenanthrenecarbonic acid. Very recently, however, the Federal Health Office withdrew the licence for all drugs containing aristolochic acid, because of the well-founded suspicion that aristolochic acid may be a very potent carcinogen. We investigated the induction of structural chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by aristolochic acid in human lymphocytes in vitro. Cells were treated with the agent tested throughout culture time and during the G0 phase of the cell cycle. We tested concentrations over a range of 1 to 20 micrograms/ml. Both treatment conditions resulted in an increased aberration frequency. The induction of gaps and breaks as well as the induction of SCEs showed a dose-dependent increase. The number of SCEs per metaphase was enhanced by a factor of 2 to 3. If conventional cytogenetic methods had been applied in time, one would have recognized the mutagenic risk of aristolochic acid earlier.     

The effects of qualitative and quantitative variation of aristolochic acids on preference and performance of a generalist herbivore

Nearly all plants possess chemicals that are inferred to play a role in anti‐herbivore defense or resistance. The effects of various chemical defenses can vary among herbivores. Often, plant defensive compounds are examined in broad, inclusive categories, with an emphasis on total quantity, which might ignore qualitative variation in activity. Aristolochic acids are alkaloids characteristic of plants of the genus Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). Although aristolochic acids have been documented as effective herbivore deterrents, it remains unknown whether different kinds of aristolochic acid vary in their efficacy as defense against herbivores. We manipulated the aristolochic acid content of artificial diet to examine the effects of four aristolochic acids on larval preference and performance of the generalist herbivore Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Using choice tests, we observed that the four aristolochic acids tested varied in their deterrent effectiveness, with AA‐I having the strongest effect and AA‐II having the weakest effect. No‐choice tests were used to examine larval performance. The effect on performance varied among the aristolochic acids tested. Higher concentrations of aristolochic acid were generally associated with reduced larval developmental rate and larger size at pupation. These results indicate that various forms of aristolochic acid can vary in their effect on herbivores and that simple aggregate measures of total concentration might not reflect the chemical defensive phenotype of the plant.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination for aristolochic acid in medicinal plants and slimming products

A HPLC procedure with a silica gel RP-18 reversed-phase column for the determination of aristolochic acids I, II in medicinal plants and slimming products was developed. The mobile system 0.3% ammonium carbonate solution-acetonitrile (75:25, v/v) with pH 7.5 was the optimal buffer to clearly separate aristolochic acids I, II within 20 min. The recovery of aristolochic acids I, II in medicinal plants and slimming products was better than 90% by extracting with methanol and purifying through a PHP-LH-20 column. The major component was aristolochic acid I in Aristolochia fangchi and the level ranged from 437 to 668 ppm. Aristolochic acid II was the major component for Aristolochia contorta and its range was <1-115 ppm. Twelve out of 16 samples of slimming pills and powders contained aristolochic acids I and/or II. The major component in most slimming products was aristolochic acid II and the level ranged from <1 to 148 ppm. It may indicate that slimming products were not mainly made of A. fangchi.     

Inhibition of Naja naja venom hyaluronidase: role in the management of poisonous bite

Hyaluronidase is present virtually in all snake venoms and has been known as a "spreading factor." The enzyme damages the extracellular matrix at the site of the bite, leading to severe morbidity. In this study, the benefits of inhibiting the hyaluronidase activity of Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom have been investigated. Anti-NNH1 and aristolochic acid both inhibited the in vitro activity of the purified hyaluronidase, (NNH1) and the hyaluronidase activity of whole venom in a dose-dependent manner. Both anti-NNH1 and aristolochic acid abolished the degradation of hyaluronan in human skin tissue sections by NNH1 and by whole venom. Aristolochic acid quenched the fluorescent emission of NNH1. A non-competitive mechanism of NNH1 inhibition was observed with aristolochic acid. NNH1 potentiates the toxicity of Daboia russellii VRV-PL-VIII myotoxin and hemorrhagic complex-I. However, the potentiation of toxicity was inhibited dose-dependently by anti-NNH1 and aristolochic acid. Further, mice injected with whole venom which had been preincubated with anti-NNH1/aristolochic acid, showed more than a two-fold increase in survival time, compared to mice injected with venom alone. A more moderate increase in survival time was observed when mice were injected with anti-NNH1/aristolochic acid 10 min after whole venom injection. This study illustrates the significance of venom hyaluronidase in the pathophysiology of snake venom poisoning and the therapeutic value of its inhibition.     

Modification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition test by prednisolone and aristolochic acid

Drugs influence the leukocyte adherence inhibition test. Glucocorticoids reduce adherence more then aristolochic acid. When given together the glucocorticoid related adherence inhibition is abolished. In this way the known antagonistic behaviour of aristolochic acid towards glucocorticoids is confirmed.     

Antimycobacterial,antibacterial and antifungal activities of the methanol extract and compounds from Thecacoris annobonae (Euphorbiaceae)

This study was designed to evaluate the antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the methanol extract from the stem bark of Thecacoris annobonae Pax & K. Hoffm, that of aristolochic acid I (1) and other isolated compounds. The microplate alamar blue assay (MABA) and the broth microdilution method were used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) of the above samples. The H⁺-ATPase-mediated proton pumping assay was used to evaluate a possible mechanism of action for both the methanol extract and aristolochic acid I. The results of the MIC determinations showed that the methanol extract and aristolochic acid I prevent the growth of all studied organisms. The results obtained in this study also showed that the methanol extract as well as aristolochic acid I inhibited the H⁺-ATPase activity. The overall results provided evidence that the methanol extract of T. annobonae might be a potential source of new antimicrobial drug against tuberculosis, and some bacterial and fungal diseases, but should be consumed with caution, bearing in mind that the main active component, aristolochic acid I is a potentially toxic compound.