我国温带山地森林48种常见树种叶片重量-出叶强度的关系

叶片是植物的主要光合器官, 其质量与数量的权衡关系体现植物对环境的适应策略。在全球气候变化的背景下, 研究叶片质量与数量关系有助于理解植物对环境变化的响应趋势。该研究应用标准化主轴回归方法, 探讨了我国温带山地森林中48个常见树种的单叶干重与出叶强度的权衡关系。结果表明, 所有物种以及落叶阔叶林、常绿和落叶阔叶树种、单叶以及亚冠层阔叶树种的单叶干重与出叶强度表现为异速生长关系; 针叶林、针阔混交林、常绿及落叶针叶树种、复叶以及冠层阔叶树种则表现为等速生长关系。研究结果表明, 叶大小和出叶强度并无恒定的权衡关系。     

小兴安岭不同功能型阔叶植物的柄叶权衡

在叶水平上, 叶柄(支撑结构)与叶片(同化结构)的权衡关系受多种因素的影响, 研究不同功能型植物柄叶性状之间的权衡关系有助于更好地理解植物的生长特性与生活史策略。该研究选定小兴安岭地区典型阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林林内乔木、灌木、草本植物, 采用最小显著差异法比较植物叶片性状与叶柄性状在不同生活型间的变异, 并用标准化主轴法从生活型、叶型、耐阴性3个方面研究叶片与叶柄性状之间的权衡关系。结果表明: (1)不同生活型、叶型植物以及不同耐阴性乔木叶片性状与叶柄干质量之间具有显著的异速生长关系, 且斜率均小于1; (2)随着叶柄干质量增加, 乔木叶片鲜质量、叶片干质量增长速度比灌木、草本更快, 但相同叶柄干质量, 乔木叶柄所能支撑的叶片面积最小; (3)单叶植物叶片面积-叶柄干质量的回归斜率显著大于复叶植物, 叶片鲜质量-叶柄干质量的回归斜率小于复叶植物, 并且相同叶柄干质量下, 单叶植物的叶片干质量总是大于复叶植物; (4)比起喜光树种, 相同叶柄干质量, 耐阴树种的叶柄能够支撑的叶片面积与叶片鲜质量更大, 并且叶柄生物量分配比例(叶柄干质量/叶干质量)与叶片性状的回归斜率均表现为喜光树种>0, 耐阴树种<0。该研究结果表明叶片大小(叶片面积、叶片鲜质量、叶片干质量)与叶柄性状之间存在典型的权衡关系, 其在不同生活型、叶型植物及不同耐阴性乔木内的差异有助于揭示不同功能型植物的生长特性与生活史策略。     

植物光合结构与非光合结构的功能平衡:来自三种亚热带乔木树种的实验证据

来自三种亚热带乔木树种的实验证据 曾波 （1.西南师范大学生命科学学院,重庆400715;2.Department of Plant Ecology, Utrecht Unixersity, P.O.Box 80084,3508TB Utrecht,The Netherlands) 摘要： 植物的地上部分和地下部分存在功能性平衡现已十分清楚,但植物的地上部分是否在其光合结构（叶组织）和非光合结构（枝和茎）之间也存在功能性平衡尚不明晰。本文提出两个研究假设并检验之：1）植物地上部分在其光合与非光合结构之间存在功能性平衡;2）此功能性平衡的维持依赖于对光合和非光合结构生物量分配的调节。为验证此假设,采用枝叶修剪的方式（连续两年修剪,四个修剪强度：0,20%,50%,70%）对3种亚热带乔木树种榕(Ficus microcarpa）、黄桷树（Ficus uirens）和樟（Cinnamomum camphora）进行了研究。结果表明,修剪使所有树种地上部分的光合与非光合结构生物量比率（P/NP）立即下降,下降程度随修剪强度的升高而增大。但不论是首次修剪还是第二次修剪,修剪处理一年后,修剪株地上部分的光合与非光合结构生物量比率升高,且此生物量比率不低于非修剪株的光合与非光合结构生物量比率。此研究结果证实了植物地上部分光合与非光合结构间存在功能性平衡的假设。与假设一致,植株的生物量分配在修剪后发生了改变：修剪株加大了对光合结构（叶组织）的生物量分配（大量的新生产地上部分生物量被分配到光合结构）,同时却减少了对非光合结构（枝和茎）的分配。此分配格局的改变保证了光合与非光合结构功能性平衡的恢复与维持。可以认为,通过改变生物量分配格局以维持光合 与非光合结构功能平衡是植物抵御外来干扰和e 或损伤的一种有效策略。 关键词： 生物量分配;功能平衡;非光合结构;光合结构;乔木     

豆科复叶和单叶树种的光合-水分关系分析北大核心CSCD

以豆科(Fabaceae)11个复叶树种和6个单叶树种为材料,测定他们的气孔导度、叶片水力导度、水势、相对含水量等指标,分析叶型对枝叶光合水分关系的影响。结果显示,复叶树种正午叶轴水势(-0.91MPa)与单叶树种正午枝条水势(-0.88MPa)间无显著差异,但正午枝条水势(-0.60MPa)显著高于单叶树种。复叶树种正午气孔导度降低的百分比(55.3%)显著高于单叶树种(34.1%)。叶片、叶轴和枝条正午水势两两之间均显著正相关,但与正午气孔导度之间均不存在相关性。本研究中,17个树种的正午叶片水力导度与气孔导度间显著正相关(r=0.79,P<0.001),但他们与气孔导度降低百分比间呈负相关(r=-0.81,P<0.001),说明叶片导水率对日间气孔导度的维持具有重要作用。研究结果表明单叶和复叶树种在光合水分关系上存在明显差异,说明他们对环境条件具有不同的适应策略。     

豆科复叶和单叶树种的光合-水分关系分析

以豆科（Fabaceae）11个复叶树种和6个单叶树种为材料,测定他们的气孔导度、叶片水力导度、水势、相对含水量等指标,分析叶型对枝叶光合水分关系的影响。结果显示,复叶树种正午叶轴水势（-0.91 MPa）与单叶树种正午枝条水势（-0.88 MPa）间无显著差异,但正午枝条水势（-0.60 MPa）显著高于单叶树种。复叶树种正午气孔导度降低的百分比（55.3%）显著高于单叶树种（34.1%）。叶片、叶轴和枝条正午水势两两之间均显著正相关,但与正午气孔导度之间均不存在相关性。本研究中,17个树种的正午叶片水力导度与气孔导度间显著正相关（r=0.79,P<0.001）,但他们与气孔导度降低百分比间呈负相关（r=-0.81,P<0.001）,说明叶片导水率对日间气孔导度的维持具有重要作用。研究结果表明单叶和复叶树种在光合水分关系上存在明显差异,说明他们对环境条件具有不同的适应策略。     

不同土壤水分胁迫下沙漠葳的生长及生物量的分配特征

将从美国西部引进的2年生的沙生灌木沙漠葳（Chilopsis linearis）分别盆栽于含水量不同的土壤中,研究其生长及生物量的分配特征.结果表明,土壤水分胁迫严重限制了沙漠葳的营养生长和生殖生长,使单株叶片数、分枝数和侧根数显著下降,生物量大大降低,其中中度和重度胁迫下沙漠葳的干重分别比轻度胁迫降低40.9%和76.4%.重度土壤水分胁迫下沙漠葳的单叶干重、单叶面积和单位叶面积干重分别比轻度土壤水分胁迫降低63.45%、47.39%和27.23%,比叶面积和根茎比分别上升22.28%和86%.随土壤水分胁迫的加重,光合物质的积累从中下部叶片向中上部叶片转移.各构件生物量随土壤水分胁迫的加重而降低,其幅度大小为叶生物量＞茎生物量＞主根生物量＞侧根生物量,反应了沙漠葳对土壤水分胁迫响应的整体行动.     

从叶内生物量分配策略的角度理解叶大小的优化

叶大小的变化是许多因素综合作用的结果, 对叶大小优化机制的研究有助于我们更好地理解植物的适应进化和生活史策略。该研究通过对浙江省清凉峰常绿阔叶混交林中的19个常绿阔叶物种和30个落叶阔叶物种叶水平上的相关性状进行分析, 探讨叶内生物量分配策略对叶大小优化的限制性影响。研究结果显示: 无论叶大小用面积还是质量表示, 常绿物种和落叶物种均呈现出叶内生物量分配到支撑结构的比例随着叶大小的增加而增加的规律, 这主要是由叶柄大小与叶片大小之间显著的异速生长关系导致的。这种异速生长关系在常绿物种和落叶物种中普遍存在。然而, 由于常绿物种对叶柄具有较高的机械以及抵抗冰冻栓塞等不利环境的需求, 在某一给定的叶面积下, 常绿物种比落叶物种具有更高的叶柄生物量投资。这些结果表明: 作为整个植株支撑投资的一个重要组成部分, 叶内支撑投资所占的生物量比例对叶大小的优化具有一定的限制性影响。     

长期增温对树线交错带岷江冷杉幼苗异龄叶大小与出叶强度关系的影响

全球气候变暖强烈影响树线交错带植物的生活史策略,异龄叶大小-出叶强度权衡关系是常绿植物生活史策略的重要内容。以川西树线交错带的岷江冷杉（Abies faxoniana）幼苗为例,研究气候变暖对异龄叶大小与出叶强度关系的影响。通过开顶箱（Open-top chamber, OTC）对川西王朗自然保护区树线交错带的岷江冷杉进行模拟增温,采用标准化主轴估计（Standardized major axis estimation, SMA）方法研究了叶大小（单叶质量、单叶面积）与出叶强度（基于茎生物量、茎体积）间异速生长关系对长期增温的响应及其年际变化。结果表明：使用不同参数表征叶大小与出叶强度得到的结果存在差异;多年生小枝上存在单叶质量-出叶强度的负等速权衡关系,共同主轴随小枝年龄增加而向下漂移;长期增温并不影响单叶质量与出叶强度的异速生长关系,不同年龄小枝的异速生长常数对增温具有差异性响应。增温处理中当年生小枝在相同单叶质量下的出叶强度更低,以换取叶片总数的增加,使小枝具有更大的可塑性而适应增温。本研究提供了岷江冷杉幼苗协调异龄叶大小与出叶强度从而适应长期增温的证据,为评估树木生长随气候变化而加速提供了理论参考。     

植物光合结构与非光合结构的功能平衡：来自三种亚热带乔木树种的实验证据

植物的地上部分和地下部分存在功能性平衡现已十分清楚,但植物的地上部分是否在其光合结构（叶组织）和非光合结构（枝和茎）之间也存在功能性平衡尚不明晰,本文提出两个研究假设并检验之：1）植物地上部分在其光合与非光合结构之间存在功能性平衡;2）此功能性平衡的维持依赖于对光合和非光合结构生物量分配的调节,为验证此假设,采用枝叶修剪的方式（连续两年修剪,四个修剪强度：0,20%,50%,70%）对3种亚热带乔木树种榕（Ficus microcarpa),黄桷树（Ficus virens)和樟（Cinnamomum camphora)进行了研究。结果表明,修剪使所有树种地上部分的光合与非光合结构生物量比率（P/NP）立即下降,下降程度随修剪强度的程式高而增大,但不论是首次修剪还是第二次修剪,修剪处理一年后,修剪株地上部分的光合与非光合结构生物量比率升高,且此生物量比率不低于非修剪株的光合与非光合结构生物量比率。此研究结果证实了植物地上部分光合与非光合结构间存在功能性平衡的假设,与假设一致。植株的生物量分配在修剪后发生了改变;修剪株加大了对光合结构（叶组织）的生物量分配（大量的新生产地上部分生物量被分配到光合结构）,同时却减少了对非光合结构（枝和茎）的分配,此分析格局的改变保证了光合与非光合结构功能性平衡的恢复与维持,可以认为,通过改变生物量分配格局以维持光合与非光合结构功能平衡是植物低御外来干扰和/或损伤的一种有效策略。     

不同海拔典型竹种枝叶大小异速生长关系

为了分析竹子枝-叶大小间的权衡关系,本研究对武夷山不同海拔典型竹种(毛竹、箬竹、肿节少穗竹、毛竿玉山竹和武夷山玉山竹)小枝的叶片总质量、茎质量、单叶质量和出叶强度等性状进行测定.结果表明: 随海拔升高,5个竹种间小枝上总叶质量与茎质量的异速生长指数呈显著下降趋势.竹种内,毛竹、箬竹和肿节少穗竹总叶质量与茎质量在不同海拔上均拥有共同异速生长指数(分别为0.94、0.85、0.84).毛竿玉山竹和武夷山玉山竹的叶茎质量也存在共同异速生长指数(0.79).除武夷山玉山竹外,竹子单叶质量与出叶强度之间均呈显著的负相关关系.5个竹种的单叶质量和出叶强度之间存在共同异速生长指数-1.12.总之,竹类植物的小枝总体上倾向于在低海拔环境中着生更多的叶片,而在高海拔生境下则投资更多的生物量到茎的构造上.尽管竹种间小枝的茎投资随海拔升高而增加,但其基于茎质量的出叶强度策略取决于叶片大小的构建而不是海拔生境差异.     

Size structure of current-year shoots in mature crowns

Characteristics of current-year shoot populations were examined for three mature trees of each of three deciduous broad-leaved species. For first-order branches (branches emerging from the vertical trunk) of the trees examined, lengths or diameters of all current-year shoots were measured. Total leaf mass and total current-year stem mass of first-order branches were estimated using an allometric relationship between leaf or stem mass and length or diameter of current-year stems. For each tree, the number of current-year shoots on a first-order branch was proportional to the basal stem cross-sectional area of the branch. On the other hand, first-order branches had shoot populations with size structures similar to each other. As a result, the leaf mass of a first-order branch was proportional to the basal stem cross-sectional area of the branch, being compatible with the pipe-model relationship. All current-year shoot populations had positively skewed size structures. Because small shoots have a larger ratio of leaf mass to stem mass than large shoots, first-order branches had an extremely large ratio of leaf mass to current-year stem mass. This biased mass allocation will reduce costs for current stem production, respiration and future radial growth, and is beneficial to mature trees with a huge accumulation of non- photosynthetic organs. The allometric relationships between leaf mass and basal stem diameter and that between leaf mass and current-year stem mass of first-order branches were each similar across the trees examined. Characteristics of shoot populations tended to offset inter-species diversity of shoot allometry so that branch allometry shows inter-species convergence.     

Leaf size modifies support biomass distribution among stems, petioles and mid-ribs in temperate plants

The implications of extensive variation in leaf size for biomass distribution between physiological and support tissues and for overall leaf physiological activity are poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypotheses that increases in leaf size result in enhanced whole-plant support investments, especially in compound-leaved species, and that accumulation of support tissues reduces average leaf nitrogen (N) content per unit dry mass (N(M)), a proxy for photosynthetic capacity. Leaf biomass partitioning among the lamina, mid-rib and petiole, and whole-plant investments in leaf support (within-leaf and stem) were studied in 33 simple-leaved and 11 compound-leaved species. Support investments in mid-ribs and petioles increased with leaf size similarly in simple leaves and leaflets of compound leaves, but the overall support mass fraction within leaves was larger in compound-leaved species as a result of prominent rachises. Within-leaf and within-plant support mass investments were negatively correlated. Therefore, the total plant support fraction was independent of leaf size and lamina dissection. Because of the lower N(M) of support biomass, the difference in N(M) between the entire leaf and the photosynthetic lamina increased with leaf size. We conclude that whole-plant support costs are weakly size-dependent, but accumulation of support structures within the leaf decreases whole-leaf average N(M), potentially reducing the integrated photosynthetic activity of larger leaves.     

陆生生境中喜旱莲子草的生长模式

喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)原产南美洲, 后被引入到北美洲、大洋洲、东南亚和中国等地, 成为一个世界性的外来入侵种。对喜旱莲子草陆生种群的有效控制一直是一个难题。本文中通过种植实验建立了陆生生境中喜旱莲子草主枝长、生物量、叶面积和斑块面积等的生长模型。结果表明: (1)喜旱莲子草的主枝长、生物量、叶面积和斑块面积等均表现为指数式生长, 其日增长率(%)分别为4.28、11.27、11.59和8.67。(2)喜旱莲子草的地上重(x)－地下根茎重(y)的异速生长指数b约为3/4(01), 即总重和叶面积相对于主枝长呈二次幂增长, 由此可进一步推出总重和叶面积与斑块面积成正比; 生物量－叶面积的异速生长指数b约为1, 为等速生长(b＝1), 即单位生物量所支持的叶面积不随植株大小的变化而变化(冠层恒定性)。其叶面积比为88.24 cm²/g, 比叶面积为287.97 cm²/g。通过本研究期望对喜旱莲子草陆生局域斑块的生长进行预测, 同时为进一步建立其控制模型提供基础数据, 为制定经济有效的控制对策提供科学依据。     

Morphological differentiation of current-year shoots of deciduous and evergreen lianas in temperate forests in Japan

Morphological variation in current-year shoots within plants was examined in five deciduous and four evergreen liana species from temperate forests in Japan to elucidate the role differentiation in shoots. All lianas had both shoots that twined or developed adventitious roots to gain support on host materials (searcher shoots) and self-supporting shoots with no climbing structures (ordinary shoots). Searcher shoots were 20–295 times longer than ordinary shoots. The allometric relationships between stem length and leaf area differed between searcher and ordinary shoots, and the stem length for a given leaf area was greater in searcher shoots. Leaf area per shoot mass was 1.4–4.3 times higher in ordinary shoots because of the greater allocation to leaf biomass. Searcher shoots comprised only 1–6% of total shoots but 30–85% of total shoot length in deciduous lianas. Ordinary shoots accounted for 70–95% of the total leaf area in these liana species. These results suggest that the exploration of new space was primarily achieved by searcher shoots, whereas a large proportion of current photosynthetic production was achieved by ordinary shoots. The range of stem length and leaf mass ratio of ordinary shoots was similar to that in shoots of tree species. Specialization of shoots in lianas is discussed.     

The effects of leaf size,leaf habit,and leaf form on leaf/stem relationships in plant twigs of temperate woody species

Question: Do thick‐twigged/large‐leaf species have an advantage in leaf display over their counterparts, and what are the effects of leaf habit and leaf form on the leaf‐stem relationship in plant twigs of temperature broadleaf woody species? Location: Gongga Mountain, southwest China. Methods: (1) We investigated stem cross‐sectional area and stem mass, leaf area and leaf/lamina mass of plant twigs (terminal branches of current‐year shoots) of 89 species belonging to 55 genera in 31 families. (2) Data were analyzed to determine leaf‐stem scaling relationships using both the Model type II regression method and the phylogenetically independent comparative (PIC) method. Results: (1) Significant, positive allometric relationships were found between twig cross‐sectional area and total leaf area supported by the twig, and between the cross‐sectional area and individual leaf area, suggesting that species with large leaves and thick twigs could support a disproportionately greater leaf area for a given twig cross‐sectional area. (2) However, the scaling relationships between twig stem mass and total leaf area and between stem mass and total lamina mass were approximately isometric, which indicates that the efficiency of deploying leaf area and lamina mass was independent of leaf size and twig size. The results of PIC were consistent with these correlations. (3) The evergreen species were usually smaller in total leaf area for a given twig stem investment in terms of both cross‐sectional area and stem mass, compared to deciduous species. Leaf mass per area (LMA) was negatively associated with the stem efficiency in deploying leaf area. (4) Compound leaf species could usually support a larger leaf area for a given twig stem mass and were usually larger in both leaf size and twig size than simple leaf species. Conclusions: Generally, thick‐twigged/large‐leaf species do not have an advantage over their counterparts in deploying photosynthetic compartments for a given twig stem investment. Leaf habit and leaf form types can modify leaf‐stem scaling relationships, possibly because of contrasting leaf properties. The leaf size‐twig size spectrum is related to the LMA‐leaf life span dimension of plant life history strategies.     

Climatic classification and ordination of the Spanish Sistema Central: relationships with potential vegetation

Comparisons among European, Japanese and North-American temperate deciduous woody floras revealed that there is no difference in shade-tolerance or in successional position between the compound- and simple-leaved species. Given that the compound-leaved species usually have greater biomass investments in non-productive throwaway supporting structures, it remained unclear how they could be as shade-tolerant as the simple-leaved analogues. To find out the role of the variability in leaf structure and composition in shade-tolerance of these species, foliar morphology and chemistry were analysed in 15 Estonian temperate compound-leaved deciduous woody taxa.Both foliar morphological and chemical parameters influenced the fractional investment of foliar biomass in petioles. The proportion of leaf biomass in petioles was independent of leaf size, but it increased with increasing leaflet number per leaf, suggesting that spacing rather than support requirements determined the biomass investment in petioles. The leaves with greater nitrogen concentrations also had larger foliar biomass investments in petioles. The latter effect possibly resulted from a greater water demand of functionally more active protein-rich leaves. Though the proportion of leaf biomass invested in petioles was high (for the whole material on average 15.9±0.4%), petioles were considerably cheaper to construct in terms of mineral nutrients than leaflets. e.g., petioles contained on average only 5.55±0.14% of total leaf nitrogen. Since in many cases the availability of mineral nutrients such as nitrogen rather than organic carbon sets limits to total leaf biomass on the plant, I suggested, contrary to previous claims, that the costs for foliage formation should not necessarily be different between compound- and simple-leaved species. Compound-leaved species also fit the basic relationships previously observed in simple-leaved analogues. Leaf size increased and leaf dry mass per area (LMA) decreased with increasing shade-tolerance. Thus, more shade-tolerant species construct a more effective foliar display for light interception at low irradiance with similar biomass investment in leaves. Species shade-tolerance was independent of biomass investment in petioles. However, due to the genotypic plasticity in LMA, more shade-tolerant species supported more foliar area at a constant leaf biomass investment in petioles.     

光照对鄂东南2种落叶阔叶树种幼苗生长、光合特性和生物量分配的影响

通过设置4个光照梯度(25%、12%、6%和3%自然光)模拟鄂东南低山丘陵地区落叶阔叶林林下的光环境,研究了2种耐荫性不同的树种幼苗--麻栎(Quercus acutissima)和化香(Platycarya strobilacea)不同光强下的存活率、光合特性、生长和生物量分配,探讨了低光环境中耐荫性不同的树种幼苗维持自身碳平衡的机制和权衡"存活-生长"选择的生活史策略。结果表明:(1)低光下的2个树种幼苗的生长、光合特性和生物量分配具有显著性差异。(2)各个光照梯度下麻栎幼苗都生长良好,存活率保持在35%以上,而化香幼苗遭遇高的死亡率,80d后3%和6%自然光下的幼苗全部死亡;低光环境中麻栎幼苗比化香幼苗具有更大的表观光量子(AQY)和最大净光合效率(Pmax),更低的光补偿点(LCP)和暗呼吸效率(Rd),即耐荫性较强的麻栎幼苗比耐荫性较弱的化香幼苗具有更高的低光碳同化率和碳捕获能力。(3)2个树种幼苗的成活率与RGR呈负相关关系,各个光照梯度下耐荫性较弱的化香幼苗的相对生长率(RGR)显著高于耐荫性较强的麻栎幼苗,而两个树种幼苗的净同化率(NAR)无明显差异。相对于麻栎幼苗较高的根生物量比(RMR),化香幼苗将更多的生物量分配给叶部,因而具有较高的叶生物量比(LMR)、叶面积比(LAR)和比叶面积(SLA)。不同耐荫性的幼苗生长及生物量分配方式的差异是植物"存活-生长"权衡后的结果,耐荫性弱的化香幼苗具有较高的生长潜力和较弱的自我保护能力,而耐荫性强的麻栎幼苗具有更高的低光碳储量,能够维持更好的低光碳平衡,具有竞争优势。     

Crown development in a pioneer tree, Rhus trichocarpa, in relation to the structure and growth of individual branches

Based on an allometric reconstruction, the structure and biomass-allocation patterns of branches and current-year shoots were investigated in branches of various heights in the pioneer tree Rhus trichocarpa, to evaluate how crown development is achieved and limited in association with height. Path analysis was conducted to explore the effects of light availability, basal height and size of individual branches on branch structure and growth. Branch angle was affected by basal height, whereas branch mass was influenced primarily by light availability. This result suggests that branch structure is strongly constrained by basal height, and that trees mediate such constraints under different light environments. Previous-year leaf area and light availability showed positive effects on current-year stem mass. In contrast, branch basal height and mass negatively affected current-year stem mass. Moreover, the length of stems of a given diameter decreased with increasing branch height. Therefore the cost of biomass investment for a unit growth in length is greater for branches of larger size and at upper positions. Vertical growth rate in length decreased with increasing height. Height-dependent changes in stem allometry and angle influenced the reduction in vertical growth rate to a similar degree.     

高寒草地甘肃臭草茎-叶性状的坡度差异性

茎与叶的生长形态决定植物与外界环境的物质交换能力, 茎叶的异速生长模式对认识植物表型可塑性及其调节机理具有重要意义。在祁连山高寒退化草地, 利用ArcGIS建立研究区域的数字高程模型(DEM), 并提取样地坡度数据, 采用标准化主轴估计(SMA)方法, 研究了不同坡度甘肃臭草(Melica przewalskyi)种群茎与叶的生长。结果表明: 随着坡度增大, 甘肃臭草茎干质量、叶干质量、叶面积均呈逐渐减小趋势, 叶片数呈增加趋势; 甘肃臭草叶干质量的增长速度显著大于茎干质量的增长速度, 叶面积与茎干质量近等速增长; 不同坡度间的比较显示, 随着坡度变陡甘肃臭草茎干质量与叶干质量异速斜率显著减小(p < 0.05), 陡坡上的甘肃臭草若要生成与缓坡样地中相同的叶生物量需要投入更多的茎生物量, 茎干质量与叶面积的y轴截距显著减小(p < 0.05), 即相同的茎干质量投入下, 较大坡度的甘肃臭草叶面积投入显著降低, 趋向于减小叶面积增加叶数量。坡度梯度上甘肃臭草加快了茎的相对生长速率而减小了在叶面积上的投入, 体现了不同坡度甘肃臭草茎-叶生物量分配机制及资源利用策略, 同时说明高寒草地中小叶更具生境适应性。     

胡杨叶片大小与叶数量的权衡关系对地下水埋深的响应

本文以胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)为研究对象,采用标准化主轴回归估计(SMA)方法探讨了种群叶片大小(单叶面积、单叶质量)与出叶强度(基于小枝质量、茎质量、茎体积)的异速生长关系对地下水埋深梯度(Groundwater depth,GWD)的响应及其变化规律.结果显示:随GWD增加,胡杨当年...