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1.
ABSTRACT. The threatened Atlantic Coast population of Piping Plovers ( Charadrius melodus ) has not increased in recent years and remains 332 pairs short of the recovery goal of 2000 pairs. Habitat loss to development is a major threat to the population, and there has been interest in restoring nesting and foraging habitat. However, the demographic response of coastal Piping Plovers to either habitat loss or creation has not been documented. We estimated survival rates and site fidelity of a declining Piping Plover population on Long Island, New York, from 2001 to 2005 on a beach subject to human development and recreation. The mean annual adult survival was 0.703 ± 0.032 (SE) and was similar among years. Site fidelity during the period of territory establishment averaged 0.827 ± 0.069 (SE). Given this high site fidelity, ensuring the survival of adults is important for maintaining local populations. Although the 2002–2004 average was high, site fidelity was apparently lower in 2003 than in 2002. This decrease in site fidelity may have been related to several years of habitat loss and increasing predation of nests or chicks, as reported in a partly concurrent long-term study at our site. The species-level effect of local dispersal due to anthropogenic habitat loss depends on the fitness of dispersers, and is currently unknown for Piping Plovers. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT To conserve threatened species, managers require predictions about the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on population growth that in turn require accurate estimates of survival, birth, and dispersal rates, and their correlation with natural and anthropogenic factors. For Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus), fledging rate is often more amenable to management than adult survival, and population models can be used to estimate the productivity (young produced per breeding female) necessary to maintain or increase populations for given levels of survival. We estimated true survival and site fidelity of adult and subadult (from fledging to second year) Piping Plovers breeding in Saskatchewan using mark‐resight data from 2002 to 2009. By estimating true survival rather than apparent survival (which is confounded with permanent emigration), we were able to provide more accurate projections of population trends. Average adult and subadult survival rates during our study were 0.80 and 0.57, respectively. Adult survival declined over time, possibly due in part to the loss of one breeding site to flooding. Average adult and subadult site fidelity were 0.86 and 0.46, respectively. Adult site fidelity declined during our study at two study sites, most strongly at the flooded site. Male and female Piping Plovers had similar survival rates, but males had greater site fidelity than females in some years. Based on our survival estimates, productivity needed for a stationary population was 0.75, a benchmark used for plover management on the Atlantic Coast, but not previously estimated for Prairie Canada. In stochastic simulations incorporating literature‐based variation in survival rates, productivity needed for a stationary population increased to 0.86, still lower than that previously estimated for western populations. Mean productivity for our study sites ranged from 0.87 to 0.96 fledged young per pair. Our results suggest that fledging rates of Piping Plovers in Saskatchewan were sufficient to ensure a stationary or increasing population during our study period. However, large‐scale habitat changes such as drought or anthropogenic flooding may lead to dispersal of breeding adults and possibly mortality that will increase the fledging rate needed for a stationary population. 相似文献
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State uncertainty models and mark‐resight models for understanding non‐breeding site use by Piping Plovers 下载免费PDF全文
Jonathan B. Cohen Sidney B. Maddock Melissa K. Bimbi W. Walker Golder Olivia E. Ledee Francesca J. Cuthbert Daniel H. Catlin James D. Fraser Cheri L. Gratto‐Trevor 《Ibis》2018,160(2):342-354
Conservation of beach‐nesting medium‐distance migrants has focused on breeding areas because protection of nests is more tractable than protection of non‐breeding habitat. As breeding ground management has encountered diminishing returns, interest in understanding threats in non‐breeding areas has increased. However, robust estimates of non‐breeding demographic rates and abundance are generally lacking, hindering the study of limiting factors. Estimating such rates is made more difficult by complex population dynamics at non‐breeding sites. In South Carolina, endangered Piping Plovers Charadrius melodus start arriving in July and some depart prior to December (the autumn‐only population) while others remain through at least March (the wintering population). State uncertainty capture‐mark‐recapture models provide a means for estimating vital rates for such co‐occurring populations. We estimated the proportion of the population entering the study area per survey (entry probability) and proportion remaining per survey (persistence rate) for both populations during autumn, and abundance of the wintering population, at four sites in South Carolina in 2006/7 and 2007/8, taking advantage of birds previously colour‐ringed on the breeding grounds. We made fairly precise estimates of entry and persistence rates with small sample sizes. Cumulative entry probability was ~50% by the end of July and reached 95% for both populations by October. Estimated stopover duration for birds in the autumn‐only population was 35 days in year 1 and 42 days in year 2. We estimated a wintering super‐population size of 71 ± 16 se birds in the first year and 75 ± 16 in the second. If ringing programmes on the breeding grounds continue, standardized resighting surveys in the non‐breeding period and mark‐recapture models can provide robust estimates of entry and persistence rates and abundance. Habitat protection intended to benefit non‐breeding Piping Plovers at our coastal sites should be in effect by late summer, as many birds are resident from July to the end of winter. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT We calculated expenditures and hours of staff and volunteer time dedicated to monitoring and managing the United States breeding population of Atlantic Coast piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) in 1993 and 2002 and considered implications for recovery of this management-dependent species. In 2002, 73 federal, state, and local governmental agencies and private organizations played key roles in conservation efforts at 281 piping plover breeding sites. Total inflation-adjusted estimated expenditures increased by 51% between 1993 and 2002, from US$2.28 million to $3.44 million, but annual per-pair expenditures declined 4% from $2,459 to $2,350, and hours of paid-staff effort were similar (93 hr/pair in 1993, 95 hr in 2002). Expenditures for on-site monitoring and management were greater than for 6 other categories of expenses in both years and increased from 42% to 59% of total costs between 1993 and 2002. Staff time and expenditures were higher at sites where more labor-intensive efforts to protect plovers from recreation and other human use were necessitated by greater human accessibility. Total expenditures in 2002 were modest compared to those for some other threatened and endangered species and to costs of large beach-stabilization projects. Our results provide a baseline for estimating future costs of piping plover protection, including development and implementation of the long-term management agreements that will be required to remove this species from United States Endangered Species Act protection. Impediments to reducing costs for Atlantic Coast piping plovers are the species’ widespread distribution at low densities and the unrelenting threats posed by human activities and predators. Modest economies of scale may be achieved through arrangements for management and monitoring that span multiple landowners and include other at-risk beach species. 相似文献
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Anna Lídia Mészáros Szabolcs Kajdocsi István Szentirmai Jan Komdeur Tamás Székely 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2006,52(1):39-42
Birds move between breeding locations to gain a better territory, avoid competition or reduce the deleterious effect of inbreeding.
We investigated breeding site fidelity in a small European passerine, the penduline tit (Remiz pendulinus). This species has an exceptionally diverse breeding system, in which both males and females may have up to 5–7 mates in
a single breeding season, and the eggs are incubated by a single parent: either the male or the female. We investigated the
movements of males and females within three breeding seasons in Southern Hungary (2002–2004). Males moved for shorter distances
between breeding sites (116 m, 63–333 m; median, lower quartile–upper quartile) than females (942 m, 415–2,382 m). Movements
of males and females were consistent between years, and they were repeatable between subsequent nests of males, but not of
females. Taken together, our results suggest that adult male penduline tits are more site-faithful than adult females. We
suggest that this difference has an implication on their breeding ecology since male parental behaviour (desert/care) is expected
to be influenced by local mating opportunities, whilst female parental behaviour is likely to depend on the mating opportunities
in a large area around their breeding site. 相似文献
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Matthew J. Butler David R. Stewart Grant M. Harris Mark T. Bidwell Aaron T. Pearse 《The Journal of wildlife management》2022,86(5):e22226
The Aransas-Wood Buffalo population (the only non-reintroduced, migratory population) of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) overwinters along the Texas Gulf Coast, USA. Understanding whooping crane space use on the wintering grounds reveals essential aspects of this species' ecology, which subsequently assists with conservation. Using global positioning system telemetry data from marked whooping cranes during 2009–2017, we fit continuous-time stochastic process models to describe movement and home range using autocorrelated kernel density estimation (AKDE) and explored variation in home range size in relation to age, sex, reproductive status, and drought conditions. We used the Bhattacharyya coefficient of overlap and distance between home range centroids to quantify site fidelity. We examined the effects of time between winter home ranges and the sex of the crane on site fidelity using Bayesian mixed-effects beta regression. Winter whooping crane 95% AKDE home range size averaged 30.1 ± 45.2 (SD) km2 (median = 14.3, range = 1.1–308.6). Home ranges of sub-adult females were approximately 2 times larger than those of sub-adult males or families. As drought worsened, home ranges typically expanded. Between consecutive years, the home ranges of an adult crane exhibited 68 ± 31% overlap (site fidelity), but fidelity to winter sites declined in subsequent winters. The overlap of adult home ranges with the nearest unrelated family averaged 33 ± 28%. As a whooping crane aged, overlap with its winter home range as a juvenile declined, regardless of sex. By 4 years of age, a whooping crane had approximately 14 ± 28% overlap with its juvenile winter home range. Limited evidence suggested male whooping cranes return to within 2 km of their juvenile home range by their fifth winter. Previous data obtained from aerial surveys led ecologists to assume that whooping crane families normally used small areas (~2 km2) and expressed persistent site fidelity. Our analyses showed <8% of families had home ranges ≤2 km2, with the average area 15 times greater, and waning site fidelity over time. Our work represents an analysis of whooping crane home ranges for this population, identifying past misconceptions of winter space use and resulting in better estimates of space requirements for future conservation efforts. 相似文献
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Bruce W. Toay Randell R. Meidinger Kaylan M. Kemink 《The Journal of wildlife management》2019,83(5):1143-1150
Assumptions about breeding site fidelity (i.e., fidelity) in blue-winged teal (Spatula discors) are based on limited recapture data and analytic techniques. We banded female blue-winged teal (n = 12,543) from 2003 to 2014 in a 3,800-ha sample area in north-central South Dakota, USA, and used a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach combining live recapture and dead recovery data to predict probabilities of fidelity, survival, recapture, and reporting. We explored sources of variation including time, annual wet area on the landscape, age, and nest survival, and compared our results to other dabbling ducks that nest in the Prairie Pothole Region, a critically important breeding area for waterfowl in central North America. We found annual estimates of fidelity ranging from 0.20 to 0.91, with mean values of 0.62 and 0.67 for hatch year birds and after hatch year birds, respectively. Our findings indicate that environmental factors may cause blue-winged teal to return to breeding sites more frequently than previously assumed. © The Wildlife Society, 2019 相似文献
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Nest site fidelity and serial polyandry were examined in lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus, a teleost fish in which the nest-guarding male parent invests more heavily in parental care than the elusive female parent. Lingcod parental and progeny genotypes were established for fish spawning on a 200 m(2) section of Snake Island reef, British Columbia in two successive years to evaluate male and female mate choice (monogamy or polygamy) and nest site reuse by the same parents (nest site fidelity) and/or different parents (nest site affinity). Thirteen nests (egg masses) guarded by nine males and 14 nests guarded by seven males were observed in 2002 and 2003, respectively. No female laid more than one nest per season or spawned in the study area in both years. In contrast, at least six (86%) and possibly all seven (100%) of the 2003 guardian males had been guardian or auxiliary males in 2002. Both nest site affinity and extreme male nest site fidelity were observed, with at least four males reusing the exact same nest site. Serial polyandry resulting from the high male and low female nest site fidelity is consistent with predictions based on a low female parental investment and high rate of progeny loss to predation and cannibalism. Male polygyny, achieved primarily by cuckoldry within seasons, was enhanced by the lack of female fidelity between seasons. Polygamy in both sexes of nest-tending marine fish may minimize reproductive skew and maximize genetic diversity within populations. 相似文献
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Populations of brown trout Salmo trutta were monitored at a number of sites within a single stream, using an individual marking technique and recapturing uniquely marked fish repeatedly over a period of 12 months. Individual 1 + and 2 + resident brown trout in the Glenfinish River were found to consist of stationary and mobile component populations. The latter population consisted of a number of individuals observed moving mostly in an upstream direction, within a range of 0.03–2.24 km. On a large spatial scale, individuals in the stationary component population exhibited some degree of home site fidelity within the stream, over a period of 3–4 months, after which the fish tended to move from the site. Within sites, fidelity to either riffle or pool habitats, mostly the latter, was apparent in a proportion of the population. On a smaller scale, fidelity to the exact position with respect to boulders in the stream was also evident in a number of individuals. Home range size was calculated amongst these individuals, with ranges of up to 20 m recorded. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Over the past several decades, there have been numerous reports of hummingbirds wintering in the southeastern United States. However, little is known about the species present and their relative abundance. From November 1998 to March 2008, we examined the species diversity, sex and age ratios, and site fidelity of hummingbirds wintering in southern Alabama and northern Florida. We captured and banded 1598 individuals representing 10 species, and the most frequently captured species were Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus; 51.6%), Ruby‐throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris; 23.5%), and Black‐chinned Hummingbirds (Archilochus alexandri; 16.9%). Other species captured included Buff‐bellied Hummingbirds (Amazilia yucatanensis), Calliope Hummingbirds (Stellula calliope), Allen's Hummingbirds (Selasphorus sasin), Broad‐tailed Hummingbirds (Selasphorus platycercus), Broad‐billed Hummingbirds (Cynanthus latirostris), Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna), and Costa's Hummingbirds (Calypte costae). Most hummingbirds (71.8%) were captured in December and January. For most species, sex ratios were male‐biased for juveniles and female‐biased for adults, indicating possible differential mortality. Of 1598 hummingbirds captured, 144 representing five species returned to the same wintering location at least once. Female Rufous Hummingbirds (20.4% of individuals captured) exhibited the greatest site fidelity. Recaptures of banded Rufous Hummingbirds in autumn and early winter revealed that some individuals moved south into Alabama or Florida from Tennessee, northern Georgia, and northern Louisiana. Same‐season recaptures of banded Rufous Hummingbirds suggest that their spring migration route is west along the Gulf Coast. Our results suggest that Alabama and Florida are viable overwintering areas for several species of hummingbirds, with numbers of species and individuals higher than previously recognized. However, more study is needed to confirm migration routes and to determine if Ruby‐throated Hummingbirds wintering in our study area are year‐round residents or migrants. 相似文献
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Nest‐site selection by Interior Least Terns and Piping Plovers at managed,off‐channel sites along the Central Platte River in Nebraska,USA 下载免费PDF全文
David M. Baasch Patrick D. Farrell Jason M. Farnsworth Chadwin B. Smith 《Journal of Field Ornithology》2017,88(3):236-249
Given the high productivity of Interior Least Terns (Sternula antillarum athalassos) and Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) on constructed off‐channel nesting sites along the central Platte River in Nebraska, USA, and the possibility of creating similar habitats at other locations in their breeding range, understanding how these species use off‐channel nesting habitats is important. We used data collected along the central Platte River in Nebraska, USA, over a 15‐year period (2001–2015), and a discrete‐choice modeling framework to assess the effects of physical site attributes and inter‐ and intraspecific associations on off‐channel nest‐site selection by Interior Least Terns and Piping Plovers. We found that Piping Plovers avoided nesting near each other, whereas colonial Interior Least Terns selected nest sites near those of conspecifics. In addition, the relative probability of use for both species was maximized when distance to the nearest predator perch was ≥ 150 m and elevation above the waterline was ≥ 3 m. Probability of use for nesting by Interior Least Terns increased as distance to water increased, whereas the probability of use by Piping Plovers was maximized when distance to water was ~50 m. Our results suggest that important features of constructed, off‐channel nesting sites for both species should include no potential predator perches within 150 m of nesting habitat and nesting areas at least 3 m above the waterline. Efficient site designs for Interior Least Terns would be circular, maximizing the area of nesting habitat away from the shoreline, whereas an effective site design for Piping Plovers would be more linear, maximizing the area of nesting habitat near the waterline. An efficient site design for both species would be lobate, incorporating centralized nesting habitat for Interior Least Terns and increased access to foraging areas for nesting and brood‐rearing Piping Plovers. 相似文献
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Bret A. Collier Shelly R. Kremer Corey D. Mason Markus J. Peterson Kirby W. Calhoun 《The Journal of wildlife management》2012,76(6):1129-1134
Management of migratory birds at the national level has historically relied on regulatory boundaries for definition of harvest restrictions and estimation of demographic parameters. Most species of migratory game birds are not expanding their ranges, so migratory corridors are approximately fixed. White-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica), however, have undergone significant variation in population structure with marked range expansion occurring in Texas, and range contraction in Arizona, during the last 30 years. Because >85% of white-winged dove harvest in the United States (approx. 1.3 million annually) now occurs in Texas, information on vital rates of expanding white-winged dove populations is necessary for informed management. We used band recovery and mark–recapture data to investigate variation in survival and harvest across 3 geographic strata for white-winged doves banded in the pre-hunting season in Texas during 2007–2010. We banded 60,742 white-winged doves, recovered 2,458 bands via harvest reporting, and recaptured 455 known-age birds between 2007 and 2010. The best supporting model found some evidence for geographic differences in survival rates among strata (A–C) in both hatch-year (juvenile; A = 0.205 [SE = 0.0476], B = 0.213 [SE = 0.0278], C = 0.364 [SE = 0.0254]) and after-hatch year (adult; A = 0.483 [SE = 0.0775], B = 0.465 [SE = 0.0366], C = 0.538 [SE = 0.251]) birds. White-winged doves had a low probability of moving among strata (0.009) or being recaptured (0.002) across all strata. Harvest recovery rates were concordant with estimates for other dove species, but were variable across geographic strata. Based on our results, harvest management strategies for white-winged doves in Texas and elsewhere should consider differences in population vital rates among geographic strata. © 2012 The Wildlife Society. 相似文献
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Daniele De Biasi Cagnazzi Peter L. Harrison Graham J. B. Ross Peter Lynch 《Marine Mammal Science》2011,27(2):255-281
This study examined the population of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis, inhabiting the Great Sandy Strait Marine Park, Queensland, Australia. A total of 106 dolphins were identified during 228 boat‐based surveys, completed between April 2004 and April 2007. Based on the distribution of resighted individuals and the pattern of associations, it was established that this population consists of two largely geographically distinct communities, referred to as the Northern Community (NC) and the Southern Community (SC). The only recorded interaction between the two groups was a single pod composed of one member of the NC and 11 dolphins from the SC. Abundance was estimated for the entire population and by geographical area using open population models. Estimates for the Great Sandy Strait indicate that about 150 dolphins (NGSS= 148.4, SE = 8.3, 95% CI: 132.5–165.2) used this area during the study. The NC and SC total population sizes was estimated to be 76 (NNGSS= 75.80, SE = 3.88, 95% CI = 71–86) and 75 (NSGSS= 74.98, SE = 4.43, 95% CI: 66–83), respectively. Analysis of residence patterns indicates that a majority of the identified dolphins are long‐term residents. 相似文献
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Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch show fidelity to natal spawning watersheds. Fine-scale homing, however, within rivers is not well understood. Interior Fraser Coho (IFC) salmon eggs were incubated at known spawning locations in the Coldwater River, two main stem sites and one-off channel pond site, providing otolith reference data for comparison to otolith signatures for returning adults using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Elemental ratios for Ba:Ca and Sr:Ca in otoliths of juvenile O. kisutch differed significantly among the spawning locations examined. Juvenile otolith data were used to conduct a linear discriminant analysis to assess fine-scale homing in adults. Juvenile data were all assigned to the location where they had been incubated, producing a robust data set used to compare adult otoliths and define natal locations based on elemental signatures in otoliths of adult spawners. Homing and straying were apparent at the reach level; 57.1% of adults returned to their natal spawning locations, while 42.9% strayed to other spawning sites within the Coldwater River. Straying to novel incubation sites at the reach scale demonstrated plasticity in homing within a watershed. 相似文献
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Diel movement of brown trout,Salmo trutta,is reduced in dense populations with high site fidelity 下载免费PDF全文
Ondřej Slavík Pavel Horký Matúš Maciak Petra Horká Iva Langrová 《Ecology and evolution》2018,8(9):4495-4507
The movement of individuals within preferred areas is reduced by a high availability of food and information about its distribution, while high number of competitors promotes increased movement. Experienced animals use information about social and physical environment to improve resources exploitation, tended to maintain positions within the preferred areas and reuse the environment that is often referred to as site fidelity. In this study, radio‐telemetry was used to observe the movements of 98 adult brown trout, Salmo trutta, in oligotrophic streams with different population densities; to determine subpopulation site fidelity, 5,195 conspecifics from 14 subpopulations were individually tagged during spring and autumn. During a 7‐year‐long field study, we tested the hypothesis that brown trout individuals from subpopulations with high site fidelity would display lower movement. The hypothesis was supported, and reduced movement was further related to high subpopulation density in association with high slope indicating the physical environment‐influenced movement. The probability of contact between individuals increased with subpopulation site fidelity and subpopulation density. No influence of food abundance on brown trout movement was found. Furthermore, increased body size predicted higher movement (and vice versa). The least movement occurred during the day and during the full moons. Our study tended to show that individuals reused preferred areas and needed less movement to exploit available resources. 相似文献
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Long-distance migrants are, by definition, highly mobile but it is poorly understood if this leads to high rates of gene flow and an essentially panmictic global population structure. Genetic divergence in migratory species could be promoted, for example, by fidelity to distinct migratory pathways. In this study, we investigate the population genetic structure of tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), a long-distance migrant with a largely continuous breeding distribution across Eurasia. Distinct, longitudinally oriented flyways have been postulated based on geographically disjunct wintering areas and are supported by evidence from ringing data. We generated sequences of the mitochondrial control region and multi-locus microsatellite genotypes for several hundreds of samples from the European and Asian breeding and wintering grounds including some individuals infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1. Significant differentiation between breeding sites was observed for both marker types, but F(ST) values were approximately 10 times higher for maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA than for biparentally transmitted nuclear markers. The genetic differentiation between the postulated European and Asian flyways was similar to that observed within continents and, in general, genetic divergence was not associated with geographic distance. Neither marker type showed evidence of genetic substructure among aggregations on the European wintering grounds. Our results suggest some breeding site fidelity, especially in females, but extensive population admixture on the wintering grounds. Several scenarios may explain the observed lack of genetic divergence between Europe and Asia including non-equilibrium conditions following a recent range expansion or contemporary gene flow across the postulated migratory divides. 相似文献
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We investigated sex‐related site fidelity by humpback whales to the Fueguian Archipelago, a new feeding area in the eastern South Pacific, by examining the resighting histories of 45 males and 39 females recorded from 2003 to 2012. Results indicated an overall annual return to the feeding area of 74.8%, and annual sex ratio is roughly equal in the population. The probability of an individual being resighted across years and in subsequent years was not significantly different for both males and females, however, the proportion of resighting within a year was significantly higher for individual males compared to females. Potential sources of sex‐related bias were analyzed, but none were found to be significant. Greater intraannual resighting frequency for males may reflect sex‐based differences in spatial occupation and short‐range movements due to potential differences in energy budgets. 相似文献