西伯利亚百合花挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对西伯利亚百合花挥发性化学成分进行分析和鉴定,经毛细管色谱分离出49个峰,共确认了其中47种化合物,所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的99．89％。用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各组分的相对百分含量,其化学成分主要为：( ／-)-1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯)-环己烯(66．00％);3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇(19．37％);4-甲基-l-(1-甲基乙基)-3-环己烯-1-醇(3．33％);1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-1,4-环己二烯(2．72％);2-氨基苯甲酸-3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-酯(1．76％)。以上5种化合物占总挥发油的93．18％。     

北艾蒿挥发油成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对北艾蒿挥发性化学成分进行了分析,用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量。经毛细管色谱分离出26个峰,并鉴定出峰所对应的化合物。其主要化学成分为(Z,Z)-3,5-辛二烯(63.99%);2,5-辛二烯(10.08%);3,4,5-三甲基-1-己烯(3.55%);桉油醇(2.84%);长叶薄荷酮(2.36%);3-甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮(2.37%);樟脑(2.32%);十氢-1,1,7-三甲基-4-亚甲基-1H-奥(2.13%)等。     

巴巴拉百合花的天然香气成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对巴巴拉百合花挥发油进行了提取．通过毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法分离并鉴定了其化学成分．并用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量。共分离出62个峰,确定了其中60种化合物,所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的99．71％．主要化学成分为：萜二烯(59．43％);3,7-二甲基-1．6-辛二烯-3-醇(20．10％);(R)-4-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-3-环己烯1醇(11．32％);3异丙烯基-5,5-二甲基环已烯(4．05％);2-氨基苯甲酸-3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-酯(3．52％);( )-α-萜品醇(p-薄荷-1-酮-8-醇)(2．22%);β-月桂烯(1．08％)。以上7种化合物占总挥发油的94．72％。     

湿地蒿挥发油成分研究

目的:分析湿地蒿的化学成分. 方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对湿地蒿挥发性化学成分进行了分析,用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量. 结果:经毛细管色谱分离了38个峰,并鉴定出峰所对应的化合物.其主要化学成分为7,11-二甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(56.20%);IR-α-蒎烯(18.63%);3-(苯二甲酰亚氨甲基)-苯甲酸(4.8%);1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-1,4-环己二烯(3.46%);6,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基-[3,1,1]二环庚烷(1.41%);庚烷(1.28%)等.     

前胡挥发油胆碱酯酶抑制作用及化学成分研究

运用微孔高通量筛选方法研究前胡挥发油胆碱酯酶抑制活性,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术辅以Kovats指数鉴定挥发油的主要化学成分。结果显示前胡挥发油对乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶均具有明显的抑制作用,当前胡挥发油浓度为1μL/mL时,其抑制率分别为(63.76±1.99)%和(51.53±1.70)%;其挥发油共鉴定出32种化学成分,主要有α-蒎烯、左旋-β-蒎烯、月桂烯、1-甲基-3-(1-甲基乙基)苯、(R)-1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)环己烯、萜品醇、2-羟基-5-甲基苯乙酮等。本研究结果提示前胡有可能对老年痴呆等神经退行性疾病有一定的治疗作用。     

木荷花挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用无水乙醚超声萃取得到新鲜木荷(Schima superba)花浸膏提取物,顶空固相微萃取富集挥发性成分,气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析,归一化法计算各组分的相对含量.鉴定出挥发性化合物中的51个成分,约占相对总含量的99%;挥发性成分中含氧化合物的含量超过93%,其中主要的化合物及其相对含量为酮代异佛尔酮(26.33%)、氧化芳樟醇(19.53%)、环氧芳樟醇(8.80%)、3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇(8.23%)、白藜芦素(7.89%)、4-羟基3,5,5-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮(6.54%)、2,6,6-三甲基-1,4-环己二酮(4.06%)、苯乙醇(2.17%)、2-甲基-2-壬烯-1-醇(2.04%)等.     

云锦杜鹃不同花期挥发性成分的HS-SPME-GC-MS检测与主成分分析

为了探究云锦杜鹃的挥发性成分,该研究采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对云锦杜鹃不同花期中的挥发性成分进行定性定量分析,并通过主成分分析法分析其特征挥发性成分。结果表明:四个花期共检测出50种挥发性成分,共分为苯丙酸类/苯环型、萜烯类、醇类、醛类、烃类和其他类六大类组分。对29种主要挥发性物质进行主成分分析,提取了两个主成分,累计方差贡献率达到88.545%。分析发现,β-月桂烯、β-罗勒烯、可巴烯、异喇叭烯、桉树脑、衣兰烯、(+)-表二环倍半水芹烯、(3R-反式)-4-乙烯基-4-甲基-3-(1-甲基乙烯基)-1-(1-甲基乙基)-环己烯与第1主成分呈高度正相关,第2主成分的贡献率为31.455%,其中丁香酚的影响最大,呈高度负相关,这些物质是影响云锦杜鹃香气的关键性成分。在9种高度相关的物质中,萜烯类物质占了7种。综上认为,萜烯类物质是云锦杜鹃主要特征香气成分。     

云南蒜油化学成分的研究

本文对云南曲靖产大蒜(Allium sativum L.)蒜油用气相色谱和色谱-质谱法进行了分析,鉴定了20个化合物。其中:6-甲基-1-硫杂-2,4-环己二烯(6-methyl-1-thi-2,4-cyclohexadiene),5-甲基-1,2-二硫杂-3-环戊烯(5-methyl-1,2-dithi-3-cyclopentene),4-甲基-1,2-二硫杂-3-环戊烯(4-methyl-1,2-dithi-3-cyclopentene),4-乙烯基-1,2,3-三硫杂-5-环己烯(4-vinyl-1,2,3-trithi-5-cyclohexene)及甲基烯丙基五硫醚(allyl methyl pentasulfide)等为蒜油中首次报道的化合物。     

海南暗罗叶挥发油化学成分及其抗菌活性(英文)

本文采用水蒸气蒸馏萃取法提取海南暗罗叶挥发油化学成分,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)从中分离鉴定出40种化学成分,占挥发油总量的67.03%。其中主要成分为1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-(1-甲基乙基)-1,6-二烯环十烷(18.305%),丁子香烯(6.256%)和γ-榄香烯(6.211%)。所得的挥发油抑菌试验表明其对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌表现出显著的抑制活性。     

箭叶橐吾挥发油化学成分的研究

运用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术,结合标准谱库,对青海产箭叶橐吾的挥发油成分进行了研究,分离鉴定了39个化合物,主要成分为2-甲基丁烯酸(5．001％)、顺-β松油醇(2．082％)、反-β-松油醇(4．069％)、4-甲基-1-异丙基-R-3-环己烯-1-醇(15．467％)、十二烷(2．181％)、十四烷(2．276％)、Tau．-Muurolol(3．108％)、α-杜松醇(5．682％)、十六醛(2．266％)、6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮(3．421％)、三十烷(2．370％)、二十五烷(3．766％)等。     

Post-infectional metabolites from infected potato tubers

The C-1′ epimers of the sesquiterpenoids 2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6,9-dien-8-one and 2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one were isolated from potato tubers infected with Phoma foveata and Fusarium spp., in addition to 4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydro-3-hydroxy-6-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-4-methyl-2(3H)-naphthalenone, N-trans-p-coumaroyl tyramine and N-trans-feruloyl tyramine. Three of the compounds are novel.     

不同方法提取组培百里香精油质量及成分的比较分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、有机溶剂萃取法、CO2超临界萃取法3种提取方法提取组培百里香精油,比较分析精油得率、精油化学成分以及相对含量,以期得出最佳提取方法。结果表明：水蒸气蒸馏法提取的百里香精油得率为O．21％,主要化学成分为：百里酚（36．53％）、间伞花烃（14．13％）、松油烯（8．09％）和石竹烯（4．14％）;有机溶剂萃取法提取的精油得率为0．19％,主要化学成分为：1,2-苯二甲酸-单-2-乙基己基酯（55．23％）、百里酚（873％）、松油烯（5．23％）;CO2超临界萃取法提取的精油得率为0．27％,主要化学成分为：百里酚（26．68％）、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-甲酯（21．55％）、间伞花烃（9．69％）。从精油得率、精油质量以及精油主要化学成分综合比较3种方法,水蒸气蒸馏法是提取百里香精油的最佳方法。     

Anthraquinones from Hedyotis capitellata

Four new furanoanthraquinones, 2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-[2'-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-dihydrofurano]-8-hydroxyanthraquinone, 2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-[1'-hydroxy-2'-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-dihydrofurano]-8-hydroxyanthraquinone, 2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-[2'-1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-dihydrofurano]anthraquinone and 2-methyl-3,4-[2'-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-dihydrofurano] anthraquinone or capitellataquinone A-D and four known anthraquinones, rubiadin, anthragallol 2-methyl ether, alizarin 1-methyl ether and digiferruginol, together with scopoletin were isolated from the stems of Hedyotis capitellata Wall (Rubiaceae). Lucidin-3-O-beta-glucoside was isolated from the roots of the plant. Characterization of the new compounds was carried out by extensive NMR studies using FGCOSY, FGHMQC, FGHMBC and DEPT-135 in addition to other spectroscopic methods.     

Biotransformation of thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol by cultured cells of Eucalyptus perriniana

The biotransformations of aroma compounds of spices, such as thymol (1), carvacrol (2), and eugenol (3), were investigated using cultured plant cells of Eucalyptus perriniana. Besides a beta-glucoside product (4, 3%), a biotransformation product, i.e., 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)phenyl 6-O-(beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (5, beta-gentiobioside, 87%), was isolated from the suspension cells after the five-day incubation of 1. On administration of 2, a beta-glucoside (6, 5%) and a beta-gentiobioside, i.e., 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)phenyl 6-O-(beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (7, 56%), were produced. Furthermore, E. perriniana cells also converted 3 into the corresponding beta-glucoside (8, 7%) and beta-gentiobioside (9, 58%). The cultured cells of E. perriniana are able to convert these aroma compounds of spices into glycosides which are accumulated in the cells.     

Xanthones from Hypericum chinense

Six xanthones, 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-butenyl)-xanthone (1), 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-[2'-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-dihydrofurano]-xanthone (2), 1,3,7-trihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (3), 1,7-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethoxyxanthone (4), 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyxanthone (5), 1,3-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyxanthone (6) and 21 known xanthones were isolated from the leaves and stems of Hypericum chinense. Their structures were established based on spectroscopic studies.     

Absolute configurations of pittosporatobiraside A and B from Pittosporum tobira

The absolute configuration at C-12 of pittosporatobiraside A and B isolated from the leaves of Pittosporum tobira was determined to be S on the basis of the exciton chirality of their dibenzoate derivative. The structures of the two glycosides were thus established to be (1S,9S,10S,11S,12S,14R,16R)-12-[(Z)-2-methyl-1-oxo-2-butenyl]-6,14-dimethyl-2-methylene-9-(1-methylethyl)-15,17-dioxatricyclo[8.7.0.0^11,16]heptadec-5-en-13-one and (1S,9S,10S,11S,12S,14R,16R)-12-(3-methyl-1-oxo-2-butenyl)-6,14-dimethyl-2-methylene-9-(1-methylethyl)-15,17-dioxatricyclo [8.7.0.0^11,16]heptadec-5-en-13-one, respectively.     

大叶桉叶水浸提液成分分析

为进一步明确大叶桉的化学成分,对大叶桉叶水浸提液分别用不同极性的有机溶剂石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇进行萃取,对各萃取相进行GC-MS分析。结果表明:大叶桉叶水浸提液共含有37种化合物,其中,石油醚萃取相中含有20种,主成分为草酸丁基异己酯(37.24%);乙酸乙酯萃取相中含有16种,主成分为2,2-二亚甲基双[6-(1,1-二甲基乙基-4-甲基)]-苯酚(50.05%);正丁醇萃取相中含有5种,主成分为丙基-2-甲基丁酸酯(54.57%)。在所有成分中,酯类物质居多,也有少量的烯、酮、醇、苯和烷烃。1-甲基,4-(1-甲基乙基)-1,4环己二烯、2,2-二亚甲基[6-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲基]苯酚、1-十八烯和二十烷为石油醚和乙酸乙酯的共有成分;1、2-苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯为乙酸乙酯和正丁醇的共有成分。该研究进一步明确了大叶桉的化学成分,为其在医药、化工和化感方面的应用研究奠定了基础。     

Herbicides for Establishing Switchgrass in the Central and Northern Great Plains

Weed interference limits switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) establishment from seed. Our objectives were to determine the effect of selected post-plant, preemergence herbicides on stand establishment and subsequent biomass yields of adapted upland switchgrass cultivars grown in three environments in the Central and Northern Great Plains. A separate experiment was conducted in eastern Nebraska to determine if there were any differences among switchgrass ecotypes for herbicide tolerance to the optimal herbicide combination. Herbicides applied immediately after planting were different concentrations of atrazine [Aatrex 4L®; 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], quinclorac (Paramount®; 3,7-Dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid), atrazine+quinclorac, imazapic {Plateau®; 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid}, and quinclorac+imazapic. Herbicide efficacy was determined by measuring stand frequency of occurrence and biomass yield the year after establishment. The application of quinclorac plus atrazine resulted in acceptable stands and high biomass yields. Imazapic often reduced switchgrass stands in comparison to the nontreated control and is not recommended for switchgrass establishment. In the multi-state trials, the herbicide by cultivar interaction was not significant for stands or biomass yields, indicating that the effects of herbicides on switchgrass stands and biomass yields were consistent over the upland cultivars used in the trials. No differences were detected among switchgrass lowland and upland ecotypes for tolerance to atrazine and quinclorac. Quinclorac, which provides effective control of grassy weeds, and herbicides such as atrazine which provide good broadleaf weed control are an excellent herbicide combination for establishing switchgrass for biomass production in the Great Plains and the Midwest.