瑞氏木霉EGⅠ3′-UTR对基因在酿酒酵母中表达的影响

将纤维素降解菌丝状真菌瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶Ⅰ (EGⅠ )全长cDNA克隆于酿酒酵母H1 58中得到表达。重组酿酒酵母产生的EGⅠ的最适pH值为 5 0 ,最适作用温度为 50℃～ 60℃。EGⅠcDNA中的 3′ 非翻译区 (3′ UTR)序列的删除导致EGI基因在酵母菌中没有活性产物表达。通过RT PCR技术检测EGⅠmRNA转录水平的结果表明 ,带有 3′ UTR的EGⅠcDNA在酿酒酵母中具有明显的转录产物生成 ,但删除 3′ UTR之后的EGⅠcDNA却检测不到转录产物。这说明EGⅠ的 3′ UTR对基因在酵母菌中的表达具有重要作用。     

瑞氏木霉EG Ⅰ 3‘—UTR对基因在酿酒酵母中表达的影响

将纤维素降解菌丝状真菌瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶Ⅰ（EGⅠ）全长cDNA克隆于酿酒酵母H158中得到表达。重组酿酒酵母产生的EIⅠ的最适pH值为5．0,最适作用温度为50℃-60℃。EGⅠcDNA中的3‘- 非翻译区（3‘-UTR)序列的删除导致EGI基因在酵母菌中没有活性产物表达。通过RT－PCR技术检测EGⅠmRNA转录水平的结果表明,带有3‘-UTA的EGⅠcDNA在酿酒酵母中具有明显的转录产物生成,但删除3‘-UTR之后的EGⅠcDNA去检测不到转录产物。这说明EGⅠ的3‘-UTA对基因在酵母菌中的表达具有重要作用。     

纤维素酶基因在毕赤酵母中的拷贝数对其表达的影响

将PCR扩增得到的瑞氏木霉纤维素内切酶Ⅲ(Endo--β1,4-glucanaseⅢ,EGⅢ)基因片段插入巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)质粒pPIC9K中,构建了EGⅢ的分泌表达质粒pPIC9K-eg3,然后经线性化后电转化导入P.pastorisGS115受体菌中。获得的阳性克隆经SDS-PAGE和酶活检测,证明工程菌株发酵上清液中含有表达的EGⅢ蛋白并具有纤维素内切酶酶活。通过荧光定量PCR确定了各菌株的拷贝数并对不同拷贝数范围的菌体生长和EGⅢ的表达做了比较。实验结果表明,低拷贝重组菌有着相对较好的EGⅢ表达量。     

瑞氏木霉EG I 3＇-UTR 对基因在酿酒酵母中表达的影响

将纤维素降解菌丝状真菌瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶I(EGI)全长cDNA克隆于酿酒酵母H158中得到表达.重组酿酒酵母产生的EG Ⅰ的最适pH值为5.0,最适作用温度为50℃～60℃.EGI cDNA中的3＇-非翻译区(3＇-UTR)序列的删除导致EGI基因在酵母菌中没有活性产物表达.通过RT-PCR技术检测EGI mRNA转录水平的结果表明,带有3＇-UTR的EG[cDNA在酿酒酵母中具有明显的转录产物生成,但删除3＇-UTR之后的EG I cDNA却检测不到转录产物.这说明EG Ⅰ的3＇-UTR对基因在酵母菌中的表达具有重要作用.     

拟康氏木霉eg1基因的克隆及在酿酒酵母中的分泌表达

从拟康氏木霉3.3002基因组中克隆了内切葡聚糖酶EGI基因,该基因全长1566 bp,由3个外显子2个内含子组成,编码461个氨基酸.编码蛋白EGI的N端为22aa组成的信号肽,其后依次为催化结构域、连接肽和结合结构域.采用重叠PCR法获得无内含子的内切葡聚糖酶基因eg1,并将其成熟肽编码序列插入酿酒酵母分泌型表达载体pYEα中,构建成pYEα-Peg1重组质粒,转化酿酒酵母.重组转化子经β-半乳糖诱导,检测表达产物的分子大小以及酶活,结果表明,转化子在刚果红平板上可产生明显的水解圈;酶活检测显示该基因能在酿酒酵母中表达有生物活性的EG I并分泌到胞外;SDS-PAGE电泳显示EGI蛋白分子量比预期目的蛋白稍偏大.     

长枝木霉eg1基因的克隆及表达

从长枝木霉3.1029基因组中克隆了内切葡聚糖酶EGI基因,该基因全长1 566 bp,由3个外显子2个内含子组成,编码461个氨基酸,编码蛋白的N端为22aa组成的信号肽。采用重叠PCR法获得无内含子的内切葡聚糖酶基因eg1,构建成pYE-Leg1重组质粒;同时将其成熟肽编码序列插入酿酒酵母分泌型表达载体pYEα中,构建成pYEα-Leg1重组质粒;分别转化酿酒酵母。重组转化子经β-半乳糖诱导,检测表达产物的酶活,结果表明,pYE-Leg1转化子无明显胞外酶活;而pYEα-Leg1转化子在刚果红平板上可产生明显的水解圈,酶活检测显示pYEα载体可有效地将该基因在酿酒酵母中表达并分泌到胞外,发酵液中的酶活在培养96 h达到最高1.16 U/mL,最适酶解温度为50℃,最适pH值为5.6。以上研究将为利用酿酒酵母生产胞外纤维素酶提供依据。     

瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶基因的分离与鉴定

将在木聚糖上生长的瑞氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)RutC-30的cDNA文库全部质粒转化已携带有毕赤氏酵(Pithia stipitis)木糖还原酶基因的重组酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)菌株H475,在H475中构建了瑞氏木霉的cDNA表达亚文库。在以木糖为唯一碳源的选择性酵母合成培养基上,从该亚文库中筛选到瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶cDNA基因．该基因片段长为1．3kb。Southern、Norhern印迹杂交分析和蛋白质凝胶电泳结果表明该基因确实来源于瑞氏木霉,所编码蛋白质分子量约为40kDa。携带有毕赤氏酵母木糖还原酶和瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶基因的重组酵母能够在以木糖为唯一碳源的培养基上生长,并能将90％以上的木糖转化为木糖醇、乙醇和其它副产品。     

脱墨用棘孢曲霉SM-L22纤维素酶系中内切酶的纯化及性质

通过Bio GelP 60分子筛和DEAE 与Q sepharose离子交换层析等手段 ,分离纯化了棘孢曲霉SM L2 2纤维素酶系中五种内切酶组分EGⅡ 1、EGⅡ 2、EGⅢ 1、EGⅢ 2和EGⅣ ,并且对这五种内切酶组分的基本性质进行了研究。通过SDS PAGE和IEF电泳测得其分子量分别为 38 7,34 4,31 4,36 9和 2 3 7kD ,等电点分别为pH <3 5,<3 5,4 9,4 5和 5 0。 5个酶组分均属酸性纤维素酶 ,最适pH在 3 5～ 4 0之间 ;最适温度分别为 55℃、60℃、( 60～ 70 )℃、( 60～70 )℃和 60℃。各酶组分有较宽的pH稳定性 ;温度稳定性表现为EGⅡ 1 >EGⅡ 2 >EGⅢ 1>EGⅢ 2 >EGⅣ。EGⅡ 1和EGⅡ 2有较高的底物专一性 ,而EGⅢ 1、EGⅢ 2和EGⅣ对木聚糖有交叉活性。Fe2 +对除EGⅣ以外的四种酶组分都有激活作用 ,尤其是对EGⅢ 2有强烈的激活作用。动力学分析表明各纤维素酶组分对底物亲和力的大小与酶的催化率之间并无相关性。     

带有木糖还原酶基因和木糖醇酶基因的重组酿酒酵母的构建

采用双载体系统,将携带有瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶基因的表达质粒ｐＡＪ４０１－ｘｄｈ１转化已带有树干毕赤氏酵母木糖还原酶基因的重组酿酒酵母Ｈ４７５,构建了同时带有毕赤氏酵母木糖还原酶基因和瑞氏木霉木产基因的重组酿酒酵母ＨＸ１,研究了重组酿酒酵母ＨＸ１对木听转化利用情况。     

带有木糖还原酶基因和木糖醇脱氢酶基因的重组酿酒酵母的构建

采用双载体系统,将携带有瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶基因的表达质粒pAJ401－Xdh1转化已带有树干毕赤氏酵母木糖还原酶基因的重组酿酒酵母H475,构建了同时带有毕赤氏酵母木糖还原酶基因和瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶基因的重组酿酒酵母HX1。研究了重组酿酒酵母HX1对木糖的转化利用情况。     

Isolation and characterization of the structural gene for secreted acid phosphatase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe acid phosphatase structural gene (PHO 1) was isolated by complementation of an S. pombe acid phosphatase mutant with a wild type S. pombe DNA recombinant plasmid library. Northern analysis indicates that acid phosphatase is encoded by a 1.4-kilobase mRNA of which approximately 100 bases are 3'-poly(A). The gene contains no introns and the 3' and 5' untranslated regions are short. According to DNA and amino acid sequence data, the S. pombe acid phosphatase has a molecular weight of 50,600. An 18-amino acid sequence at the N terminus was found that is similar to previously identified signal peptides in other eukaryotic secretory proteins. This signal peptide is apparently removed during secretion, since it is absent in the mature secreted acid phosphatase. The gene can be induced 2--3-fold by starvation for phosphate. The signals required for this induction are contained on the isolated DNA clone. Although the gene can be expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, secretion is abnormal.     

Light-regulated expression of the pea plastocyanin gene is mediated by elements within the transcribed region of the gene

Expression of the pea plastocyanin gene ( PetE ) is regulated by light in both pea and transgenic tobacco plants. However, the PetE promoter with the 5' untranslated leader region does not direct light-regulated expression of the GUS reporter gene in transgenic tobacco. This suggested that sequences downstream of the translation start of the PetE gene are required for light-regulated expression. To investigate this possibility the expression of a series of chimeric gene constructs in transgenic tobacco plants was examined to assess the contributions of the promoter, the 5' untranslated leader region, the coding region and the 3' region of the PetE gene to light-regulated expression. Both the coding region and the 5' untranslated leader region of the PetE gene were found to be required for full light regulation. Full light regulation of chimeric gene constructs containing the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter required the deletion of CaMV 5' leader and polylinker sequences from the constructs. The presence of CaMV and polylinker sequences at the 5' end of the PetE leader masked the light regulation directed by the transcribed region of the pea PetE gene.     

Suppression of a defect in the 5'' untranslated leader of mitochondrial COX3 mRNA by a mutation affecting an mRNA-specific translational activator protein.

Translation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial COX3 mRNA, encoding subunit III of cytochrome c oxidase, specifically requires the action of the nuclear gene products PET54, PET122, and PET494 at a site encoded in the 612-base 5' untranslated leader. To identify more precisely the site of action of the translational activators, we constructed two large deletions of the COX3 mRNA 5' untranslated leader. Both deletions blocked translation without affecting mRNA stability. However, one of the large deletions was able to revert to partial function by a small secondary deletion within the remaining 5' leader sequences. Translation of the resulting mutant (cox3-15) mRNA was still dependent on the nuclear-encoded specific activators but was cold sensitive. We selected revertants of this mitochondrial mutant at low temperature to identify genes encoding proteins that might interact with the COX3 mRNA 5' leader. One such revertant carried a missense mutation in the PET122 gene that was a strong and dominant suppressor of the cold-sensitive defect in the mRNA, indicating that the PET122 protein interacts functionally (possibly directly) with the COX3 mRNA 5' leader. The cox3-15 mutation was not suppressed by overproduction of the wild-type PET122 protein but was very weakly suppressed by overproduction of PET494 and slightly better suppressed by co-overproduction of PET494 and PET122.     

Interplay between hnRNP A1 and a cis-acting element in the 3' UTR of CYP2A5 mRNA is central for high expression of the gene

Our previous evidence suggests that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 plays a part in the regulation of the Cyp2a5 gene by interacting with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the CYP2A5 mRNA. However, the exact role of this interaction is not clear. The aim of the present work was to gain further insight into the regulation process of Cyp2a5. For this purpose the 3' UTR of CYP2A5 was fused to the coding region of luciferase mRNA. Luciferase recombinants containing either the full length 3' UTR, or the 3' UTR lacking a previously described 71 nucleotide (nt) region (the hnRNP A1 primary binding site), were transiently expressed in cells expressing or lacking hnRNP A1. The expression of the luciferase recombinants was examined both at mRNA and enzyme activity levels. The results disclosed that the presence of hnRNP A1 was required for the high expression of the recombinant carrying the full length 3' UTR of CYP2A5. Deletion of the hnRNP A1 primary binding site dramatically modified the expression pattern: the mRNA levels and luciferase activities of the deletion mutant were independent from hnRNP A1. These results conclusively demonstrate that the 71 nt region in the 3' UTR of CYP2A5 mRNA can confer hnRNP A1-dependent regulation to a gene. In addition, comparison of RNA levels and luciferase activities suggested that regions flanking the hnRNP A1 binding site could regulate translation of the CYP2A5 mRNA. These results are consistent with a model in which the binding of hnRNP A1 to the 71 nt putative hairpin-loop region in the CYP2A5 mRNA 3' UTR upregulates mRNA levels possibly by protecting the mRNA from degradation.     

Analysis of regulatory elements of the promoter and the 3′ untranslated region of the maize<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Hrgp</Emphasis> gene coding for a cell wall protein

Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGP) are structural components of the plant cell wall. Hrgp genes from maize and related species have a conserved 500 bp sequence in the 5'-flanking region, and all Hrgp genes from monocots have an intron located in the 3' untranslated region. To study the role of these conserved regions, several deletions of the Hrgp gene were fused to the beta-glucuronidase ( GUS) gene and used to transform maize tissues by particle bombardment. The overall pattern of GUS activity directed by sequential deletions of the Hrgp promoter was different in embryos and young shoots. In embryos, the activity of the full-length Hrgp promoter was in the same range as that of the p35SI promoter construct, based on the strong 35S promoter, whereas in the fast-growing young shoots it was 20 times higher. A putative silencer element specific for young shoots was found in the -1,076/-700 promoter region. Other major cis elements for Hrgp expression are probably located in the regions spanning -699/-510 and -297/-160. Sequences close to the initial ATG and mRNA leader were also important since deletion of the region -52/+16 caused a 75% reduction in promoter activity. The presence of the Hrgp intron in the 3' untranslated region changed the levels of GUS activity directed by the Hrgp and the 35S promoters. This pattern of activity was complex, and was dependent on the promoter and cell type analysed.