梅花鹿数量遗传的研究

鹿茸是珍贵的滋补药品,鹿肉是营养价值很高的低脂高蛋白肉食品。如能提高鹿的体重,就能提高鹿茸和鹿肉的产量。本文就作者在灌县鹿场的观测资料,对梅花鹿(Cervus nippon Temminck）的鹿茸和体重数量性状遗传和应用做了初步研究。     

马鹿和梅花鹿的鹿茸、鹿角组织结构初步比较观察

马鹿和梅花鹿(Cervus elaphus Linnaeus和Cervus nippon Temminck)主要分布于我国东北地区,为我国二类和一类保护动物。它们不仅是肉食和观赏动物;而且,其茸和角又是我国名贵中药材之一。鹿茸为鹿科动物马鹿和梅花鹿雄性未骨化幼角。鹿角是鹿茸发育晚期的骨化蜕角或砍角。为了解鹿茸、鹿角发育规律,区别其它动物角组织,提高鹿茸、鹿角药用     

驯养梅花鹿产生畸型茸的原因

东北的梅花鹿的鹿茸质量很好,但往往因外型不佳,而降等降价。为了避免收畸型茸,有时在鹿茸生长正旺盛时期就锯茸,造成严重减产。因此,摸清产生畸型茸的原因和规律,杜绝畸型茸发生,提高鹿茸产量,是非常必要的。     

雄性激素对鹿茸生长的作用

鹿茸是珍贵的滋补药品,在自然情况下,公鹿每年的长茸期短,产茸量有限。为了增进人民的健康,以及繁荣对外贸易,支援社会主义革命和建设,需要探索提高鹿茸产量的方法。我们从1973年以来做了雄性激素对鹿茸生长的作用的试验,收到较好的效果。简介于后,以供参考。     

东北梅花鹿的染色体组型C分带和G分带

东北梅花鹿(Cervus nippon hortulorum)是一种药用和观赏动物。其鹿茸是名贵的药材,长期以来被列为“东北三宝”(人参、貂皮、鹿茸)之一,并在国际市场上享有盛名。 为了提高鹿茸产量,人们除在现有的种群内进行选育提高外,还利用东北梅花鹿和东北马鹿(Cervuse canadensis xanthopygus)进行种间杂交,力求从根本上改良现有的种群。 一般认为哺乳动物种间杂交的F_1不育或异型配子不育(吴常信1975)。但目前已知东北梅花鹿与东北马鹿杂交,包括正反交的F_1两性都能育。为弄清其遗传实质,我们开展了对东北梅花鹿、东北马鹿及其F_1的染色体组型、C分带和G分带的分析。现将已完成的东北梅花鹿的分析结果报告如下:     

梅花鹿鹿茸不同产品中氨基酸含量的比较

通过对二杠鹿茸、三杈鹿茸、鹿茸片、鹿茸血、鹿角、鹿角盘等鹿茸产品中氨基酸含量的测定研究,结果表明:鹿茸血中氨基酸含量最高,鹿茸片中的氨基酸含量次之,三杈鹿茸中的氨基酸含量高于二杠鹿茸中氨基酸含量,鹿花盘中的含量高于鹿角中的氨基酸含量,从而为鹿茸这一动物性中药材资源的功能评价、药理作用提供科学理论依据。     

高压脉冲电场辅助溶剂提取鹿茸渣中卵磷脂

为提高鹿茸渣中卵磷脂的提取率,本文利用高压脉冲电场辅助有机溶剂的方法进行提取,并采用响应面法对其提取进行优化设计。通过对电场强度、脉冲数和提取溶剂含水率进行单因素考察,建立一个3水平的优化设计。结果表明,响应面优化设计对鹿茸渣中卵磷脂的提取是实际可行的。根据响应面优化和二次回归方程分析得到鹿茸渣中卵磷脂提取的优化条件为:电场强度20 k V/cm,脉冲数为9,液料比为10.5。在此优化条件下,得到的卵磷脂的质量为1.592 mg/g鹿茸渣,与预测值1.597 mg/g鹿茸渣相符,说明所建立的模型是可靠的。同时,通过比较可以看出,高压脉冲电场比溶剂直接提取所得到的卵磷脂的量高,该研究可为PEF技术应用于鹿茸渣卵磷脂的提取提供参考。     

三种鹿茸片中氨基酸质量分数的比较

通过对东北梅花鹿茸片、新西兰鹿茸片以及东北梅花鹿茸骨片中氨基酸质量分数的比较测定,结果表明:东北梅花鹿茸片中的氨基酸质量分数高于其余两种茸片中的氨基酸质量分数,从而为合理选购和使用鹿茸片提供科学理论依据。     

广州产梅花鹿茸和马鹿茸不同部位氨基酸含量的比较

选取广州产梅花鹿茸和马鹿茸,从上、中、下三个部位进行了氨基酸质量分数的测定。结果表明马鹿茸的氨基酸质量分数要高于梅花鹿茸。     

梅花鹿茸胶原酶解物对去势大鼠骨质疏松症防治作用的实验研究(英文)

观察梅花鹿茸胶原酶解物(CSDV)对去势大鼠骨质疏松症防治作用的实验研究。通过对模型组、给药组和假手术组在形态计量学指标,生物力学指标和血清生化指标的评价,考察鹿茸胶原酶解物的作用。结果表明CSDV能够明显提高去势骨质疏松症大鼠骨密度,调节血清碱性磷酸酶水平和骨钙素水平。说明鹿茸胶原酶解物在防治去势大鼠骨质疏松症方面具有明显作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.