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1.
【目的】葡萄穴粉虱是近年来入侵新疆吐鲁番地区的一种新害虫,明确其在新疆吐鲁番地区的生物学特性及发生危害情况,可为防治策略的制定提供科学依据。【方法】通过室内观察和田间调查,了解葡萄穴粉虱的形态学特征及生物学特性。【结果】葡萄穴粉虱属过渐变态。成虫复眼红棕色,翅膀表面覆盖白色蜡粉。卵倒锥形。若虫共4龄,扁椭圆形,体缘有蜡丝,末龄若虫在体壳内化蛹。4龄若虫(拟蛹)有半透明和黑色2型,越冬型4龄若虫(拟蛹)为黑色且有金属光泽。该虫在吐鲁番1年发生3~4代。越冬代成虫于4月上中旬破蛹羽化,开始在葡萄园危害,5月中旬第1代若虫孵化,5月下旬为孵化高峰;6月中旬2代若虫开始孵化,6月下旬—7月初为孵化高峰,世代重叠严重,10月中下旬之后以越冬代蛹在枯叶和枯枝上越冬。除为害葡萄外,葡萄穴粉虱还危害五叶地锦等葡萄科植物。【结论】在葡萄冬季埋土前或春季上架时,清除枯枝落叶可以大量减少越冬虫源,减轻防治压力。5月中旬第一代若虫孵化高峰期是化学防治的关键时期。在重点开展葡萄园防治的同时,应加强对五叶地锦等园林植物的防治。  相似文献   

2.
【目的】掌握新入侵我国的进境植物检疫性害虫葡萄花翅小卷蛾在吐鲁番市的生物学特性及种群周年发生规律,为其综合防治提供理论依据。【方法】在田间以性引诱剂定点监测、野外网室笼罩饲养以及室内人工饲养相结合的方法,观察葡萄花翅小卷蛾生活习性及其种群发生规律。【结果】该虫在我国新疆吐鲁番市1 a发生5代,以蛹在葡萄藤皮下越冬。越冬蛹翌年3月底—4月初(葡萄开墩)开始羽化,4月上旬为羽化高峰期(清明节前后),中旬为羽化末期。越冬代成虫将卵产于花芽上,4月中旬第1代幼虫开始孵化;第1代成虫于5月中旬开始羽化,5月下旬羽化结束;第2代成虫于6月下旬开始出现,7月上旬为羽化高峰期;第3代成虫于7月底开始羽化,8月上旬为羽化高峰期;第4代成虫于8月底开始羽化,9月上旬为羽化高峰期;越冬代幼虫10月上旬开始化蛹越冬,大部分幼虫更趋向于在老树的藤皮下化蛹。成虫的飞行、取食、交配、产卵等行为多发生在黄昏。越冬代成虫将卵产于葡萄花序萼片以及花蕾上;第1~3代成虫将卵产于葡萄果实表面,第4代成虫将卵产于葡萄二次开的花絮上,卵单产,单雌产卵量为20~40粒左右。第1代幼虫取食葡萄花絮,第2~4代幼虫危害葡萄果实,并有自相残杀的习性,糖醋液(红糖:醋:酒:水=6:3:1:10)对成虫有一定的诱杀效果。【结论】该虫在吐鲁番1 a发生5代,各世代划分明显,越冬代发生数量最大,无世代重叠现象,随温度升高各世代和虫态的发育历期缩短,幼虫在葡萄整个生长季节均造成危害,第3、4代幼虫危害成熟果实,引起果实大量腐烂并造成严重经济损失。  相似文献   

3.
徐龙江 《昆虫学报》1980,(3):304-304
糖槭蚧Parthcnolecanium corni (Bouche)近年来在新疆为害葡萄、苹果、桃、杏、核桃、酸梅、巴旦、械、白蜡、杨、柳等多种植物,并猖獗漫延。 此蚧虫一年发生1-2代,通常以2—3龄若虫在嫩枝或树皮裂缝处越冬。翌年4月下旬或5月上旬为雄虫羽化期,5月中旬雌成虫产卵,卵于5月底或6月初孵化,孵化盛期为6月中旬,6月下旬孵化  相似文献   

4.
柿长绵粉蚧Phenacoccus pergandei Cockrell是近年来严重危害柿树的重要害虫。该虫在河南省郑州地区1年发生1代,以3龄若虫在枝条上和树皮缝中越冬。每年3月上旬越冬若虫开始为害,4月中旬雌成虫继续为害。4月下旬开始产卵,卵期约20d。5月上旬卵开始孵化,5月中旬为卵孵化盛期。幼虫有3个龄期,以3龄若虫于10月下旬开始越冬。7种药剂对柿长绵粉蚧的田间药效试验结果表明,40%杀扑磷乳油1000倍液、3%高渗苯氧威乳油1000倍液、25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂2000倍液对柿长绵粉蚧具有良好的防效,药后7d和药后15d的防效均达90%以上。  相似文献   

5.
苦楝斑叶蝉生物学特性及防治   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
苦楝斑叶蝉是苦楝树上的重要害虫。该虫在湖南省衡阳地区每年发生 1代 ,以卵在寄主树皮内越冬。越冬卵 4月上旬开始孵化 ,5月上旬成虫开始羽化 ,羽化后 10~ 15天产卵 ,卵期约 30 0天。若虫共5龄。采用敌敌畏、乐果等农药防治  相似文献   

6.
【目的】绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)上升为酿酒葡萄园区的主要害虫,并呈现出逐年加重的态势,发展绿盲蝽无公害监测和综合管理技术成为构建品质优良、食用安全的葡萄酒产业中的重要环节。【方法】就此本文系统调查了河北昌黎华夏长城酿酒葡萄种植园区绿盲蝽全年种群发生动态,并对其主害代及监测预警技术进行了探讨;进一步分析了葡萄园内优势天敌的发生规律,以及其对绿盲蝽的跟随趋势及控制作用。【结果】结果表明:绿盲蝽在酿酒葡萄园区全年仅出现两个发生高峰期,分别为葡萄生长前期和后期,其越冬代为主害代,抓好越冬代的防治工作是降低酒葡萄受害的关键;对田间主要天敌种群动态进行分析,发现捕食性天敌对绿盲蝽的跟随现象虽不明显,但仍有一定的控制作用;采用物候监测法、温度指标监测法、粘虫板诱集监测法等对酒葡萄园区绿盲蝽越冬代和第3代成虫发生期进行监测,效果均较可靠。【结论】综合分析认为,酿酒葡萄园区绿盲蝽的发生规律与其他大田作物明显不同,因此,在其综合管理措施的制定上也应体现差别:建议4月下旬―5月下旬对越冬代卵、成若虫进行重点监测和综合防治;8月下旬于田间设置粘虫板诱集成虫,可显著减轻绿盲蝽对酿酒葡萄的危害。  相似文献   

7.
石蒜绵粉蚧生物学特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】石蒜绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solani是近年来我国大陆新记录的一种有害昆虫,对我国的农业生产和生态环境具有潜在的巨大威胁,而本研究旨在明确该虫的主要生物学特性。【方法】在实验室条件下(27±1℃,RH 70%±5%,12L∶12D)以马铃薯Solanum tuberosum作为寄主,研究了石蒜绵粉蚧的生殖方式、发育历期、繁殖能力及各虫态的形态特征。【结果】石蒜绵粉蚧只能营产雌孤雌生殖,生活史包括卵、1-3龄若虫和雌成虫;卵单个散产且在母体外孵化,孵化时间约24min,雌成虫还能产下一部分不能孵化的卵;若虫期14~22 d,总历期33~64 d;雌成虫繁殖能力强,单头产卵量135~337粒,平均产卵244粒。各龄期主要形态特征为:卵呈长椭圆形,黄色且透明,具一对红棕色的复眼;1龄若虫呈黄色,行动活泼;2龄若虫体缘出现齿状突起;3龄若虫呈深黄色,体缘突起明显,尾瓣突出;雌成虫体表的白色蜡粉较厚实,体缘蜡突明显,体色变深,足呈深红色。【结论】从生殖方式、发育历期及繁殖能力等方面明确了石蒜绵粉蚧的主要生物学特性,结果预示该虫是一种重要潜在的危险性害虫。  相似文献   

8.
灰胸突鳃金龟生物学特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
灰胸突鳃金龟是沙区的重要地下害虫,以幼虫为害花生等作物的地下部分。室内饲养和田间观察表明:该虫1年多发生1代,以3龄和2龄幼虫越冬。幼虫期326.3天;蛹期24.4天。成虫羽化一般在5月下旬和6月上旬。雄成虫有较强的趋光性,雌成虫趋光性较弱,成虫寿命20天。每头雌虫产卵8~74粒,散产在5~10cm深的松温沙土中。室内饲养:卵历期平均18.45天,田间观察卵孵化盛期在7月上中旬。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】研究转cry1Ab/Ac基因水稻"赣绿1号"对非靶标害虫褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens的潜在影响。【方法】采用标准苗期集团筛选法研究"赣绿1号"对褐飞虱的抗性;利用取食和产卵选择性研究"赣绿1号"对褐飞虱取食、产卵行为的影响;用"赣绿1号"连续饲养褐飞虱5代,研究对褐飞虱生长发育(若虫发育历期、成虫体重)和繁殖(孵化子代若虫数量)的影响。【结果】"赣绿1号"与非转基因亲本对褐飞虱均表现为中抗;褐飞虱于"赣绿1号"上取食、产卵选择与非转基因亲本均无显著差异;除取食"赣绿1号"第2代褐飞虱第3龄龄期显著短于取食非转基因亲本水稻的褐飞虱外,第2代和第5代若虫各龄龄期均无显著差异,褐飞虱雌雄成虫体重和孵化若虫数均无显著差异。【结论】与对照水稻相比,转Bt基因水稻"赣绿1号"对非靶标害虫褐飞虱的苗期抗性、取食、产卵行为及生长发育等无明显的不利影响。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】明确柠条重要食叶害虫四线奇尺蛾天津亚种Chiasmia saburraria richardsi的生物学特性,为进一步做好害虫防控提供科学依据。【方法】结合野外调查和室内饲养的方法,观察记录了四线奇尺蛾天津亚种的生长发育过程及行为特性。【结果】四线奇尺蛾天津亚种在宁夏地区1年发生2代,世代重叠明显。在8月底开始以蛹在10 cm浅层土内越冬,越冬代成虫次年5月中旬始见,5月下旬第1代卵开始孵化,7月初第一代老熟幼虫开始化蛹,蛹期是10d,7月中旬第2代成虫开始羽化,7月下旬第2代幼虫出现,8月下旬第2代老熟幼虫开始化蛹,越冬蛹期为260 d左右。常见捕食性天敌有蠋蝽、日本弓背蚁和沙泥蜂,寄生性天敌有白僵菌。【结论】四线奇尺蛾天津亚种C.s.richardsi是一种危害柠条的食叶害虫。  相似文献   

11.
Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.  相似文献   

12.
Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.  相似文献   

13.
The genusKarschia, in the earlier sense, including saprophytes and parasites on lichens, has been thought to be a non-lichenized parallel genus of the lichen genusBuellia. Modern workers included it on the one hand inBuellia, on the other hand combined it with bitunicate ascomycetes. It is now proved thatKarschia is heterogeneous and contains but superficially similar members both of the genusBuellia of theLecanorales and of typical or masked bitunicateAscomycetes. Therefore, it can not be regarded as a link betweenLecanorales andDothideales. The type species ofKarschia belongs to theDothideales.
  相似文献   

14.
15.
Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.  相似文献   

16.
The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.  相似文献   

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19.
Since 1999, four specific weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were released in the Republic of Congo against three exotic floating water weeds: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache against water hyacinth, Neohydronomus affinis Hustache against water lettuce, and Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands against water fern. Recoveries of exotic weevils were made from all 24 release sites except one, and all four species have established and spread (up to 800 km for water hyacinth weevils). Within a few years of releases, control of water fern and water lettuce was such that fishing and navigation could be resumed, while reductions of water hyacinth populations were only beginning.  相似文献   

20.
A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.  相似文献   

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