烟草诱导的M2型巨噬细胞对肺癌细胞侵袭转移的影响

为探究烟草提取物(cigarette smoke extract, CSE)对单核细胞THP-1的趋化作用及CSE活化后的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages, TAMs)对非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cell lung cancer, NSCLC) A549和PC-9细胞侵袭迁移的影响,该文用CSE处理THP-1细胞96 h后, ELISA检测TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-10、IL-12的蛋白表达水平, qRT-PCR检测TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-10、IL-12的mRNA表达水平,流式细胞术检测CD163+的表达水平, Western blot检测p-STAT6/STAT6的蛋白表达水平。CSE活化的TAMs与NSCLC细胞共培养, Western blot检测TAMs对NSCLC细胞EMT(Ecadherin和Vimentin)的影响; Transwell检测TAMs对NSCLC细胞侵袭迁移的影响。结果显示, CSE诱导THP-1细胞的表型向M2型TAMs方向分化(TGF-β、CD163+上升, TNF-α、IL-12下降, P0.05)。pSTAT6/STAT6通路参与CSE诱导THP-1细胞的M2型转化。CSE诱导的TAMs促进NSCLC细胞发生EMT(E-cadherin下降和Vimentin上升),进而促进其侵袭迁移(P0.05)。以上结果表明, CSE通过pSTAT6/STAT6诱导THP-1发生M2型TAMs的活化,活化后的TAMs促进NSCLC细胞发生EMT和侵袭迁移。     

白术内酯Ⅱ逆转M2型巨噬细胞极化调控PDL1表达抑制A549细胞迁移

探究白术内酯Ⅱ(atractylenolideⅡ,AT-Ⅱ)对M2型巨噬细胞极化与A549细胞迁移能力的影响,并分析其潜在机制。利用PMA将THP-1细胞诱导成M0巨噬细胞,然后加入IL-4和IL-13继续诱导为M2型巨噬细胞。利用Transwell小室将M2型巨噬细胞与A549细胞共培养,分别给予0、2.5、5μmol/L的AT-Ⅱ进行作用。采用MTT实验测定共培养条件下AT-Ⅱ对A549细胞活力的影响;采用Real-time PCR检测M2型巨噬细胞Arg-1的mRNA表达水平;采用ELISA检测共培养体系中TNF-α、IL-1β的含量;采用WB检测A549细胞TLR4、p-p65、NF-κB(p65)、PDL1的蛋白表达水平;采用划痕实验检测A549细胞的迁移能力。结果显示,共培养条件下,与对照组相比,实验组(2.5、5μmol/L)A549细胞活力降低(2.5μmol/L组P>0.05、5μmol/L组P<0.01);M2型巨噬细胞特异性基因Arg-1的mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.01);M1型巨噬细胞相关炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β含量增多但无显著差...     

热休克预处理对TNF-α诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞迁移的影响

热休克反应是机体中一个重要的内源性保护机制,但其对TNF-α诱导的单核/巨噬细胞迁移有无影响目前尚不清楚.采用酶联免疫吸附实验观察TNF-α(20μg/L)刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞4h后炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-15的表达情况;Western blot验证热休克预处理诱导热休克蛋白表达的增加;利用细胞趋化实验观察热休克预处理(42℃,1h)对TNF-α所致巨噬细胞迁移的影响.研究发现,TNF-α可明显促进RAW264.7细胞株中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-15等炎症因子的释放;热休克预处理诱导热休克蛋白HSP70、HSP90、HSP25表达增加;细胞趋化实验发现TNF-α处理的RAW264.7细胞迁移能力较正常对照组明显增强,而热休克预处理组巨噬细胞的迁移能力较单纯TNF-α处理组明显减弱.上述结果表明,热休克预处理抑制TNF-α所致巨噬细胞的迁移.     

艾拉莫德(T-614)对巨噬细胞M1型极化的影响

[目的]研究艾拉莫德(T-614)对小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)M1型极化的影响。[方法]细胞毒性实验观察3个浓度(400 g/L,800 g/L,1 200 g/L)的T-614对RAW264.7的影响,使用LPS/IFN-γ诱导RAW264.7发生M1型分化,同时进行T-614干预。流式细胞术检测RAW264.7表面F4/80+CD86+与MHCⅡ+的比例,ELISA检测细胞中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量,RT-PCR检测细胞中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1、CD86和iNOS基因的表达,Western Blot检测细胞中MCP-1、CD86和iNOS蛋白表达水平。[结果]3个浓度T-614对未分化的巨噬细胞没有毒性;高浓度T-614降低M1巨噬细胞表面的F4/80+CD86+与MHCⅡ+比例(P<0.05),降低MCP-1、CD86和iNOS的基因表达水平与蛋白表达水平(P<0.05),降低IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α基因表达与减少IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量(P<0.05)。[结论]T-614能抑制RAW264.7进行M1型极化,抑制MCP-1、CD86和iNOS的表达,减少IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的形成与分泌。     

幽门螺杆菌VacA N端在巨噬细胞中表达对其细胞因子 分泌功能的影响

构建pDsRed-Monomer-C1/vacA N端真核表达载体,研究幽门螺杆菌空泡毒素单一毒力决定簇对THP-1巨噬细胞细胞因子分泌的影响.PCR扩增vacA目的基因片段,克隆人真核表达载体pDsRed-Monomer-C1中,经酶切、PCR及测序鉴定后,转染THP-1巨噬细胞中,Western blot和荧光显微镜鉴定VacA蛋白在细胞中的表达;电子显微镜和中性红摄人法观察巨噬细胞的空泡样变;ELISA法检测巨噬细胞培养上清TNF-α、IL-1β含量.重组质粒转染THP-1巨噬细胞24h,部分细胞胞浆中出现大小不等的空泡,且重组质粒组培养上清中TNF-α、IL-1β含量明显高于空质粒组和阴性对照组(P＜0.001),二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷(pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate,PDTC)下调细胞因子的分泌.结果显示,成功构建pDsRed-Monomer-C1-vacA真核表达载体;VacA蛋白瞬时高表达上调THP-1巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-1β;核因子kB(nuclear factor kappaB,NF-kB)可能参与调节VacA诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞的分泌.     

PCL/β-TCP调控巨噬细胞极化对成血管效应的影响

目的:探究生物可降解材料聚己内酯/β-磷酸三钙(PCL/β-TCP)通过调控巨噬细胞极化对骨组织内血管生成的作用,为其临床应用提供依据。方法:采用3D打印技术制备试样并加以表征。体内实验采用模型为SD大鼠股骨远端植入模型。双侧植入PCL/β-TCP支架后采取免疫荧光染色观察支架内部成血管标记物CD31的表达差异,并采用血管灌注方法进行血管造影,评价支架内部血管体积。采用免疫荧光染色检测炎症标记物iNOS,抑炎标记物Arg-1的表达情况。体外实验采用细胞共培养的方式检测PCL/β-TCP对巨噬细胞极化的调控作用以及免疫介导的血管形成改变。实验分为两组,空白组(Control)及PCL/β-TCP(PT5)组。将巨噬细胞系Raw264.7接种于材料表面并对其极化水平及分泌改变进行检测。通过免疫荧光染色检测M1巨噬细胞标记物iNOS、M2巨噬细胞标记物Arg-1的表达情况。通过RT-qPCR检测CCR-7,CD206,血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),血小板源性生长因子(PDGF-BB),肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α),白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的转录情况。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测VEGF、PDGF-BB、IL-10、TNF-α的分泌情况。应用Transwell迁移实验检测PCL/β-TCP刺激下巨噬细胞分泌作用对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)迁移能力的影响,应用免疫荧光染色检测PCL/β-TCP刺激下巨噬细胞分泌作用对HUVECs表面血管形成指标CD31表达情况的影响。结果:在体内实验中,支架周围组织CD31表达升高(P0.001),血管灌注结果提示支架内部血管体积显著增加(P0.001),同时炎症标记物iNOS表达下调(P0.001),抗炎标记物Arg-1升高(P0.001)。在体外实验中,与Control相比,PT5组巨噬细胞中炎症标记物iNOS合成无明显差异,抑炎标记物Arg-1合成增加;炎症标记物CCR-7及TNF-α转录水平下调(P0.01,P0.01),抗炎标记物CD206及IL-10转录上调(P0.001,P0.001);VEGF转录水平下调(P0.01),PDGF-BB转录上调(P0.01);VEGF分泌水平下降(P0.001),PDGF-BB分泌增加(P0.01),IL-10分泌水平提高(P0.001),TNF-α分泌水平下降(P0.05)。在巨噬细胞分泌作用下,HUVECs的迁移能力提高(P0.001),CD31表达上调(P0.001)。结论:骨修复材料PCL/β-TCP可通过调控巨噬细胞向M2方向极化进而促进血管形成,可作为骨修复材料的候选材料之一。     

即早基因c-fos在THP-1单核巨噬细胞亚型极化中的差异表达*

目的:探讨即早基因c-fos在THP-1巨噬细胞亚型极化过程中的表达变化。方法:运用PMA刺激诱导THP-1单核细胞极化为巨噬细胞,观察c-fos在单核细胞极化过程中的表达变化;在PMA刺激的基础上,分别运用LPS和IL-4诱导THP-1巨噬细胞向M1及M2亚型极化,实时定量PCR及Western blot技术分析刺激24 h时,细胞亚型标记物CD274、CD86和CD163的表达变化,并动态观察诱导极化过程中,c-fos的表达情况。结果:c-fos在PMA刺激THP-1单核细胞分化为巨噬细胞过程中蛋白和mRNA水平显示上调;LPS诱导THP-1巨噬细胞极化为M1型过程中,c-fos蛋白和mRNA水平表达降低,其特异性标记物在24 h呈现出M1型极化的特点(CD86蛋白表达升高,CD274、CD163蛋白表达降低);IL-4诱导THP-1巨噬细胞极化为M2型过程中,c-fos蛋白和mRNA水平表达升高,其特异性标记物在24 h表现出M2型极化的特点(CD86蛋白表达降低,CD274、CD163蛋白表达升高)。结论:c-fos参与了THP-1单核细胞向巨噬细胞极化的过程,并且可能通过抑制巨噬细胞M1亚型形成,促进巨噬细胞向M2亚型极化的作用参与巨噬细胞的亚型极化及其功能调节中。     

广叶绣球菌β-D-葡聚糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7免疫调节作用受体TLR4和TLR2的影响

确定广叶绣球菌β-D-葡聚糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的免疫调节作用受体,探索广叶绣球菌β-D-葡聚糖的免疫调节机制。采用MTT法测定不同浓度广叶绣球菌β-D-葡聚糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7增殖活力的影响,筛选出促进巨噬细胞增殖能力最强的浓度。用筛选出的β-D-葡聚糖浓度作用巨噬细胞RAW264.7;TLR4抗体和TLR2抗体分别作用巨噬细胞RAW264.7 1h,再用含有β-D-葡聚糖的细胞培养液培养。收集细胞培养上清和细胞,检测细胞培养上清中NO、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-β的生成量;提取细胞内总RNA,采用RT-PCR测定巨噬细胞TLR4 mRNA表达量;提取巨噬细胞总蛋白,采用蛋白免疫印迹western blot测定TLR4的蛋白表达。广叶绣球菌β-D-葡聚糖能够促进巨噬细胞RAW264.7增殖,增加NO、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-β的生成量,提高TLR4 mRNA表达和蛋白表达,差异极显著（P<0.01）。TLR4抗体作用细胞后,NO、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-β的生成量明显下降,差异极显著（P<0.01）。TLR2抗体作用细胞后,NO、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-β的生成量下降,但差异不显著。广叶绣球菌β-D-葡聚糖可以通过细胞表面受体TLR4激活信号转导通路,增强下游细胞因子的释放,从而调节巨噬细胞RAW264.7的免疫功能。TLR2可能不是广叶绣球菌β-D-葡聚糖的免疫受体。     

EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白表达的调节

目的:探讨EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白表达的调节,为EGb761的临床运用提供可行的依据。方法:LPS(1μg/m L)诱导不同时间后,western blotting检测THP-1细胞上清液中HMGB1蛋白含量变化及不同浓度EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白的表达和NF-κB的活性;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量。共聚焦显微镜观察EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白核转位变化。结果:(1)LPS组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量在刺激6-12 h后明显高于空白对照组,而EGb761+LPS组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量均显著低于LPS组(P0.05)。(2)EGb761处理LPS诱导THP-1细胞6 h后细胞上清液NF-κB活性表达量较空白对照组低,随着处理时间延长至12 h,NF-κB的活性表达量呈明显下降趋势(P0.05)。(3)LPS诱导THP-1细胞18 h后,细胞上清液中HMGB1蛋白含量呈明显升高趋势(P0.05)。(4)不同浓度EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞18 h后,HMGB1蛋白含量较空白对照组有下降趋势,HMGB1蛋白含量随着EGB761浓度增加至100μg/m L呈下降趋势并呈浓度依赖效应(P0.05)。(5)LPS诱导THP-1细胞后,在共聚焦显微镜下可见胞浆中大量HMGB1蛋白标记分布,而EGb761+LPS共同诱导THP-1细胞后胞浆中可见少量HMGB1蛋白分布。结论:LPS可诱导THP-1细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达增多及NF-κB活化,导致HMGB1蛋白表达增多及核转位,而EGB761能抑制THP-1细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达及NF-κB活化,调节HMGB1蛋白的表达及核转位。     

银杏叶提取物对巨噬细胞呼吸爆发、炎性细胞因子和COX-2 mRNAs及蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨银杏叶提取物(EGb761)对小鼠巨噬细胞呼吸爆发及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、COX-2mRNAs和蛋白表达的影响。方法以佛波酯刺激巨噬细胞产生呼吸爆发,用化学发光分析和电子顺磁共振检测呼吸爆发产生的活性氧;以脂多糖(LPS)诱导巨噬细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、COX-2表达,用RT-PCR检测IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、COX-2mRNAs表达,ELISA法检测IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、COX-2蛋白表达。结果银杏叶提取物能清除巨噬细胞呼吸爆发产生的超氧阴离子自由基、下调LPS诱导巨噬细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、COX-2 mRNAs和蛋白表达。结论银杏叶提取物对巨噬细胞产生呼吸爆发和LPS诱导巨噬细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、COX-2 mRNAs和蛋白表达有明显的抑制作用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。