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Susan B. Racette Edward P. Weiss Kathleen A. Obert Wendy M. Kohrt John O. Holloszy 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2001,9(6):348-355
Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated the benefit of short‐term diets on glucose tolerance in obese individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of modest lifestyle changes in maintaining improvements in glucose tolerance induced by short‐term energy restriction in obese African Americans with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research Methods and Procedures: An intervention group (n = 45; 47 ± 1 year [mean ± SE]), 105 ± 4 kg; body mass index: 39 ± 1 kg/m2) received an energy‐restricted diet (943 ± 26 kcal/d) for 1 week, followed by a lifestyle program of reduced dietary fat (?125 kcal/d) and increased physical activity (+125 kcal/d) for 1 year. Body weight and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and C‐peptide during an oral glucose tolerance test were measured at baseline, 1‐week, and 4‐month intervals. A control group (n = 24; 48 ± 1 year; 110 ± 5 kg; body mass index: 41 ± 2 kg/m2) underwent these measurements at 4‐month intervals. Results: No changes in weight or glucose tolerance were observed in the control group. The intervention group had significant (p < 0.05) improvements in body weight and glucose tolerance in response to the 1‐week diet, which persisted for 4 months (p < 0.001 vs. control for change in weight). A total of 19 subjects (42%) continued the intervention program for 1 year, with sustained improvements (weight: ?4.6 ± 1.0 kg; p < 0.001 vs. control; oral glucose tolerance test glucose area: ?103 ± 44 mM · min; p < 0.05 vs. control). Discussion: A modest lifestyle program facilitates weight loss and enables improvements in glucose tolerance to be maintained in obese individuals with abnormal glucose tolerance. However, attrition was high, despite the mild nature of the program. 相似文献
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随着经济及生活水平的提高,营养过剩导致营养代谢疾病中2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）发生率骤增。患者血糖升高及并发症严重降低生活质量,增加经济负担。现行降糖药存在局限性和副作用,而益生菌具有安全、经济和有效等特点,并且能够降血糖和减轻并发症等。益生菌在糖尿病预防、治疗和重塑肠道微生态健康方面具有良好的应用前景,逐渐成为糖尿病防治的研究热点。虽然益生菌有望攻克糖尿病,但是调控血糖的机制需要更加深入的研究。本文综述了益生菌调控血糖的应用及机制研究、发展趋势与前景及挑战,为调控血糖微生态制剂的开发提供理论基础。 相似文献
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《Endocrine practice》2023,29(5):305-340
ObjectiveThis consensus statement provides (1) visual guidance in concise graphic algorithms to assist with clinical decision-making of health care professionals in the management of persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve patient care and (2) a summary of details to support the visual guidance found in each algorithm.MethodsThe American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) selected a task force of medical experts who updated the 2020 AACE Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm based on the 2022 AACE Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan and consensus of task force authors.ResultsThis algorithm for management of persons with type 2 diabetes includes 11 distinct sections: (1) Principles for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes; (2) Complications-Centric Model for the Care of Persons with Overweight/Obesity; (3) Prediabetes Algorithm; (4) Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Algorithm: Dyslipidemia; (5) Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Algorithm: Hypertension; (6) Complications-Centric Algorithm for Glycemic Control; (7) Glucose-Centric Algorithm for Glycemic Control; (8) Algorithm for Adding/Intensifying Insulin; (9) Profiles of Antihyperglycemic Medications; (10) Profiles of Weight-Loss Medications (new); and (11) Vaccine Recommendations for Persons with Diabetes Mellitus (new), which summarizes recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.ConclusionsAligning with the 2022 AACE diabetes guideline update, this 2023 diabetes algorithm update emphasizes lifestyle modification and treatment of overweight/obesity as key pillars in the management of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus and highlights the importance of appropriate management of atherosclerotic risk factors of dyslipidemia and hypertension. One notable new theme is an emphasis on a complication-centric approach, beyond glucose levels, to frame decisions regarding first-line pharmacologic choices for the treatment of persons with diabetes. The algorithm also includes access/cost of medications as factors related to health equity to consider in clinical decision-making. 相似文献
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Xuekun Wang Shiting Wei Min Wang Yao Xu Weidi Hu Mingyue Niu Shiben Wang Kang Lei Lusha Ji Renmin Liu Guoxia Ji 《化学与生物多样性》2023,20(1):e202200814
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious disease affecting human health. Numerous attempts have been made to develop safe and effective new antidiabetic drugs. Recently, a series of G protein-coupled receptors for free fatty acids (FFAs) have been described and characterized, and small molecule agonists and antagonists of these receptors show considerable promise for managing diabetes and related complications. FFA-activated GPR120 could stimulate the release of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), which can enhance the glucose-dependent secretion of insulin from pancreatic β cells. GPR120 is a promising target for treating type 2 DM (T2DM). Herein we designed and synthesized a series of novel GPR120 agonists based on the structure of TUG-891, which was the first potent and selective GPR120 agonist. Among the designed compounds, 18 f showed excellent GPR120 activation activity and high selectivity for GPR40 in vitro. Compound 18 f dose-dependently improved glucose tolerance in normal mice, and no hypoglycemic side effects were observed at high dose. In addition, compound 18 f increased insulin release and displayed good antidiabetic effect in diet-induced obese mice. Molecular simulations illustrated that compound 18 f could enter the active site of GPR120 and interact with Arg99. Based on these observations, compound 18 f may be a promising lead compound for the design of novel GPR120 agonists to treat T2DM. 相似文献
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目的：制备2型糖尿病缺血性心脏病大鼠模型。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为正常组和糖尿病模型组（n=10）。糖尿病模型组给予高糖高脂饮食饲喂4周后,一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素40mg/kg,制备糖尿病大鼠模型。每周常规监测血糖、血清胰岛素、体重的变化。糖尿病模型组与正常组大鼠,使用BL-41O生物机能试验系统,每周测定肢体2导联心电图。最后检测血清中的肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶的含量。结果：高糖高脂饲料饲喂4周后胰岛素升高至4．05ng/ml,糖尿病模型组注射SIZ后空腹血糖迅速升高,达到17．9mmol/L。在第14周,糖尿病模型组出现S-T段抬高,并且与正常组比较,血清肌酸激酶（creatine kinase,CK）和乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）均升高。结论：本实验成功建立的2型糖尿病缺血性心脏病大鼠模型,为研究糖尿病缺血性心脏病提供理想的动物模型。 相似文献
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Alison Harvey 《New genetics and society》2013,32(4):309-327
Contemporary genomic sciences are uncovering genetic factors implicated in common complex diseases such as type 2 diabetes. It is suggested that such knowledge could be developed into tests for susceptibility to the disease that would allow preventive action through lifestyle modification. This paper presents research on responses to this suggestion by genetic specialists, diabetologists, and general practitioners – three groups of health professionals whose practices are likely to be affected by such testing services. It shows how the responses of the different groups are related to the professional culture of practice. I suggest that the perspective a profession has of its potential role in relation to the emerging technology can illuminate the early stages of co-constitution by which the technology that is used and the community of practice that use it are mutually reshaped. 相似文献
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Elena López‐Villar Gabriel Á. Martos‐Moreno Julie A. Chowen Shigeru Okada John J. Kopchick Jesús Argente 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2015,19(7):1455-1470
The incidence of obesity and type diabetes 2 has increased dramatically resulting in an increased interest in its biomedical relevance. However, the mechanisms that trigger the development of diabetes type 2 in obese patients remain largely unknown. Scientific, clinical and pharmaceutical communities are dedicating vast resources to unravel this issue by applying different omics tools. During the last decade, the advances in proteomic approaches and the Human Proteome Organization have opened and are opening a new door that may be helpful in the identification of patients at risk and to improve current therapies. Here, we briefly review some of the advances in our understanding of type 2 diabetes that have occurred through the application of proteomics. We also review, in detail, the current improvements in proteomic methodologies and new strategies that could be employed to further advance our understanding of this pathology. By applying these new proteomic advances, novel therapeutic and/or diagnostic protein targets will be discovered in the obesity/Type 2 diabetes area. 相似文献
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The recent extension of genetic tools to the domestic cat, together with the serendipitous consequences of selective breeding, have been essential to the study of the genetic diseases that affect them. Cats are increasingly presented for veterinary surveillance and share many of human's heritable diseases, allowing them to serve as natural models of these conditions. Feline diabetes mellitus is a common condition in domestic cats that bears close pathological and clinical resemblance to type 2 diabetes in humans, including pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance. In Australia, New Zealand and Europe, diabetes mellitus is almost four times more common in cats of the Burmese breed than in other breeds. This geographically based breed predisposition parallels familial and population clustering of type 2 diabetes in humans. As a genetically isolated population, the Australian Burmese breed provides a spontaneous, naturally occurring genetic model of type 2 diabetes. Genetically isolated populations typically exhibit extended linkage disequilibrium and increased opportunity for deleterious variants to reach high frequencies over many generations due to genetic drift. Studying complex diseases in such populations allows for tighter control of confounding factors including environmental heterogeneity, allelic frequencies and population stratification. The homogeneous genetic background of Australian Burmese cats may provide a unique opportunity to either refine genetic signals previously associated with type 2 diabetes or identify new risk factors for this disease. 相似文献
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2型糖尿病是一种全球性严重危害人类健康的慢性代谢性疾病.在2型糖尿病患者和动物的血液、尿液及受损组织中,糖链的结构均发生了不同程度的变化.本文对近年来有关2型糖尿病发生、发展过程中糖蛋白、蛋白聚糖和糖脂中糖链的结构变化进行综述,为2型糖尿病的诊断及其相关药物的研发提供有用的参考. 相似文献
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Jingjing Li 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2013,32(7):361-382
AbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), as members of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, can be activated by binding natural or synthetic ligands. The use of related ligands has revealed many potential roles for PPARs in the pathogenesis of some human metabolic disorders and inflammatory-related disease. Based on the previous studies, this review primarily concluded the current progress of knowledge regarding the specific biological activity of PPARs in cancers, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, providing a foundation for the potential therapeutic use of PPAR ligands in human diseases. 相似文献
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ZnT8(zinc transporter,member8)是锌离子转运蛋白,主要定位于胰岛β细胞,能将胞浆锌离子转运至胰岛素储存/分泌性囊泡内,其转运功能降低会影响胰岛素合成、储存和分泌,能增加2型糖尿病(T2DM)的发病风险。ZnT8蛋白也可作为抗原引起β细胞自身免疫损伤,诱发1型糖尿病(T1DM)。ZnT8基因多态性是引起其锌离子转运功能和免疫原性变化的重要因素,与糖尿病的发生、发展密切相关。该文综述了ZnT8与T1DM和T2DM的研究进展,提示ZnT8可作为糖尿病防治的新药物靶点。 相似文献
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Background To determine the relationships between religiosity, religions and glycaemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted at an urban, university-based, teaching outpatient clinic. Religiosity was assessed with the Beliefs and Values Scale (BV), which contains 20 items each with a Likert scale of five possible responses. The range of scores is 0 to 80, with a higher score indicating stronger religious belief. Glycaemic control was taken as the mean value of the latest three fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and HbA1c readings documented in each patient's case records.Results A total of 212 patients participated (a response rate of 79%). Two-thirds were female, mean age was 62.7 (SD 10.8) years and mean duration of T2D was 11.7 (SD 6.7) years. The mean BV score was 57.4 (SD 10.97, CI 55.9, 59.0). Religiosity had a negative correlation with lower FPG (r = -0.15, p = 0.041) but no such correlation was found with HbA1c. Moslem religiosity had a significant negative correlation with HbA1c (r = -0.34, p = 0.007, n = 61) even after controlling for covariates. Christians and non-religious group had significantly lower mean rank HbA1c than other religions (p = 0.042).Conclusions Those with higher religiosity amongst the Moslem population had significantly better glycaemic control. Patients who had church-going religions had better glycaemic control compared with those of other religions. 相似文献
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目的 从新疆哈萨克族2型糖尿病患者粪便中分离培养并鉴定韦荣球菌。方法 收集新鲜哈萨克族2型糖尿病患者的粪便样本,用韦荣球菌专属培养基进行分离培养,微量生化反应管进行初步鉴定;提取所得菌株的DNA,使用韦荣球菌属引物对此DNA进行特异性扩增,结合全自动细菌鉴定仪对菌株进行鉴定。结果 （1）所得到的菌株经微量生化反应管初步鉴定所得菌株为韦荣球菌;（2）使用韦荣球菌属引物对此菌株DNA进行特异性扩增获得预期产物;（3）经全自动菌鉴定仪最终确定所得菌株为韦荣球菌。结论 从新疆哈萨克族2型糖尿病患者粪便中分离培养得到韦荣球菌。 相似文献
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2型糖尿病（T2DM）是全球最普遍的代谢性疾病之一,对患者健康造成了重大影响。Piezo1蛋白作为细胞机械转导的关键因子,在调节机体基本生命活动中扮演着至关重要的角色。本研究聚焦于Piezo1在T2DM治疗中的潜在作用,特别是其在运动干预下的功能变化。研究发现,适度运动能激活Piezo1信号通路,增强胰岛β细胞的胰岛素释放,提高胰岛素敏感性,改善糖代谢。同时,Piezo1通路的激活对脂肪组织的代谢调节具有重要影响,可能通过调节脂肪细胞的分化和成熟影响其代谢功能。本文综合分析了运动干预对Piezo1蛋白表达的影响及其在T2DM患者体内代谢调控中的作用机制。尽管Piezo1通路在T2DM中的确切作用机制尚需深入研究,但其在T2DM发病机制中的复杂角色已逐渐明晰。运动干预通过激活Piezo1信号通路,为T2DM提供了一种新的非药物治疗策略。未来的研究将关注Piezo1通路与T2DM之间的相互作用,探索通过调节Piezo1通路来优化T2DM治疗方案的可能性。本文为理解T2DM的病理生理过程提供了新的视角,为糖尿病和肥胖等代谢性疾病的治疗策略开发提供了新的理论基础和潜在靶点。 相似文献
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胰高血糖素样肽-1在胰腺中作用机制的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）是胰高血糖素原基因编码的一种激素,主要由肠道L细胞产生并分泌进入血液。GLP-1能激活胰腺、肾脏、肺、胃、心脏和脑等组织中存在的特异性G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）。通过GLP-1受体（GLP-1R）的激活,活化腺苷酸环化酶,产生3＇,5＇-环腺苷酸,随后通过cAMP依赖性第二信使途径激活蛋白激酶A和鸟苷酸交换因子。大量围绕胰岛素产生细胞——β细胞开展的研究证明,GLP-1短期作用能够加强葡萄糖依赖性的胰岛素分泌作用,持续的GLP-1R激活也能增加胰岛素的合成,促进β细胞的增殖和新生,抑制β细胞凋亡。GLP-1在胰岛素和胰高血糖素分泌方面的独特作用引发了大量针对GLP-1受体激动剂的研究。我们对胰腺中GLP-1R激活所产生作用的机制进行简要综述。 相似文献
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前蛋白转化酶1(Proprotein convertase 1,PC1)是胰岛素原转换为胰岛素的一个重要关键酶,PC1缺陷导致胰岛素原转化障碍、高胰岛素原血症.2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者存在高胰岛素原血症,是原发的β细胞功能受损的表现,是胰岛素原向胰岛素转化过程出现障碍所致.胰岛素原与胰岛素(insulin,INS)的比例失调是T2DM(type 2 diabetes mellitus)的一个重要特点,甚至是T2DM发病的一个独立预测指标.因此,研究PC1与胰岛素原转化、胰岛素原增高的确切机制和意义对2型糖尿病的防治是有肯定意义的. 相似文献