过表达KLF4重组质粒的构建及其在白血病K562细胞中的表达

为了构建过表达锌指转录因子Krüppel样因子4(Krüppel-like factor 4,KLF4)基因的重组质粒pEGFP-KLF4,观察其在白血病K562细胞中的表达,以RT-PCR法扩增人KLF4基因,构建pEGFP-KLF4重组质粒;经酶切及测序鉴定后,将pEGFP-KLF4质粒电穿孔转染白血病K562细胞(K562/pEGFP-KLF4组),设pEGFP-C1空质粒转染K562细胞(K562/pEGFP-C1组)及空白K562细胞作为对照,荧光显微镜观察EGFP-KLF4融合蛋白的表达情况,同时用抗生素G418筛选阳性克隆并扩大培养建立稳定过表达KLF4基因的K562细胞株,随后用RT-PCR检测3组K562细胞中KLF4的m RNA表达水平。实验结果显示,pEGFP-KLF4重组质粒构建成功。该质粒转染K562细胞24 h后能观察到较高强度的绿色荧光;经G418筛选出的阳性克隆扩大培养后建立了稳定过表达KLF4基因的K562细胞株;与对照组相比,K562/pEGFP-KLF4细胞组KLF4的m RNA表达水平明显升高,其过表达率为65.71%(P0.05)。实验中构建的过表达KLF4基因的重组质粒pEGFP-KLF4能在K562细胞中高效表达,为进一步研究其在白血病中的作用奠定了基础。     

Sp1/Krüppel样因子的研究进展

Sp1/Krüppel样因子(Sp1-like and Krüppel-like factors,Sp1/KLFs)是一组与真核细胞转录调控密切相关的锌指蛋白。Sp1/KLFs的羧基末端高度保守,含有3个串联的Cys2His2锌指结构,用于结合DNA;其氨基末端在不同的家族成员间存在较大差异,主要是通过结合辅助因子发挥转录调控作用。Sp1/KLFs的表达具有组织、细胞分布以及发育时期的特异性,它们通过调控多种富含GC或CACCC的启动子的基因的表达,参与细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和肿瘤发生、发展等多种生理、病理过程。文章综述了Sp1/KLFs的结构特征、作用机制及生物学功能。     

KLF8表达修饰及致瘤机制研究进展

KLF8(Krüppel-like factor 8)是Krüppel 样转录因子家族最新成员。KLF8广泛表达于皮肤、脂肪、食道等组织中。早期研究表明,KLF8蛋白具有转录抑制活性,在胚胎发育过程中起重要作用。而近些年大量的研究发现KLF8在多种肿瘤组织中异常高表达,具有转录活化因子活性,可通过对细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、EMT、细胞干性等多项生理过程调控促进肿瘤发生发展。综述了近年来KLF8研究进展,系统阐述了KLF8表达修饰调控及致瘤机制,为全面深入了解KLF8在肿瘤中作用及后续相关研究提供参考。     

DLK1基因在急性白血病细胞系中的表达及其意义

目的:研究急性白血病细胞系DLK1基因的表达水平在红系分化中的作用.方法:采用RT-PCR、Western bitting时白血病细胞系K562、HL-60进行DLK1水平的检测.培养K562细胞,用氯化高铁血红素(hemin)诱导其分化,观察DLK1在红系分化中的变化.结果:K562细胞DLK1mRNA、蛋白水平存在明显表达,HL-60细胞DLK1则不表达.通过RT-PCR检测了hemin诱导K562细胞向红系分化过程中各时间点DLK1mRNA的变化,显示随着K562向红系分化,DLK1mRNA的水平逐渐下降.结论:K562细胞表达DLK1,HL-60不表达DLK1.DLK1基因可能参与K562细胞向红系分化的过程,可能抑制其分化.     

Krüppel样因子7(KLF7)生物学功能研究进展

Krüppel样因子7(Krüppel-like factor 7,KLF7)是Sp1样或Krüppel样转录因子家族(specificity protein/Krüppel-like factor,SP/KLF)成员,在多种生物学过程中发挥重要作用,该基因完全敲除小鼠出生时大部分死亡.KLF7是肥胖症、Ⅱ型糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症、面部发育异常、氧化磷酸化缺陷和Ⅰ型自身免疫性胰腺炎等疾病的相关基因.功能分析显示,KLF7是神经系统发育和脂肪形成的关键因子,同时也在肌肉再生和造血作用中发挥功能.在SP/KLF家族中,KLF7研究相对较少,大部分作用机制尚不清楚.本文从结构和功能方面详述了KLF7的最新研究进展,为其和KLFs家族深入研究提供重要的科学依据.     

miR-24通过靶基因Sp1调控β-类珠蛋白表达

为了研究miR-24对于珠蛋白表达的调控作用,并明确其作用机制.首先采用定量PCR的方法确定miR-24在红系分化过程中的表达变化情况,以及miR-24过表达后珠蛋白的表达变化情况.进而通过报告基因实验以及Western blotting的方法确定miR-24的靶基因.通过表型回复实验证明miR-24是否通过靶基因调控珠蛋白的表达.结果发现在hemin诱导的K562细胞以及EPO诱导的造血干/祖细胞向红系分化过程中,miR-24表达上调,在K562细胞中过表达miR-24可以促进红系分化过程中ε-和γ-珠蛋白的表达上调,进一步的研究表明miR-24是通过靶基因Sp1来行使对珠蛋白的调控作用的.以上结果表明miR-24通过负调节其靶基因Sp1促进红系分化过程中珠蛋白的表达上调.     

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除长非编码RNA SNHG16基因促进K562细胞CD235a的表达上调

为了探究敲除长非编码RNA SNHG16对人慢性髓系白血病K562细胞的影响,我们利用CRISPR/Cas9技术在K562细胞中敲除SNHG16基因,通过流式分选获得单细胞,经扩增培养、基因组PCR鉴定、测序鉴定后,获得SNHG16杂合和纯合敲除株;通过Wright-Giemsa染色、MTS检测、流式分析和qRT-PCR分别检测了SNHG16敲除后对K562细胞形态、增殖、细胞表面标志蛋白及红系分化调控因子的影响。实验结果显示,敲除SNHG16后不影响K562细胞的形态和增殖,显著促进了K562细胞表面标志蛋白CD235a和红系分化调控因子的表达水平。该研究表明,长非编码RNA SNHG16不影响K562细胞的增殖,但SNHG16对K562细胞表面标志蛋白CD235a的表达水平有一定的调控作用。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9技术的GATA-1基因敲除K562细胞系的构建

GATA-1(GATA binding protein-1)在造血分化过程是最重要的转录调控因子,在红细胞和巨核细胞中特异性高表达,并通过调节相关基因的转录在红系和巨核系造血细胞的分化发育过程中发挥重要作用。该研究采用CRISPR/Cas9技术将K562细胞中的GATA-1基因敲除,建立了GATA-1基因敲除K562细胞株。首先,设计了4个CRISPR的靶向位点,利用p GL3-U6-sg RNA-PGKpuromycin质粒构建了4个导向RNA(single guide RNA,sg RNA)载体。利用电穿孔的方法将sg RNA载体与Cas9载体p ST1374-NLS-fl ag-linker-Cas9共转K562细胞。转染48 h,经定点PCR和T7EN1内切酶酶切鉴定后,采用细胞有限稀释法嘌呤霉素筛选,定点测序和Western blot检测结果显示,成功构建了GATA-1基因敲除K562细胞株,命名为K562-KO GATA-1。使用联苯胺染色和流式细胞术的方法检测血型糖蛋白A(glycophorin A,CD235a)发现,与正常K562细胞相比,K562-KO GATA-1细胞株经Hemin诱导红系分化明显受到抑制。综上,该研究建立了敲除GATA-1的K562细胞系,可用于后续的造血分化相关研究。     

转录调节因子KLF9的研究进展

KLF9是锌指蛋白Krüppel样转录因子(Krüppel-like factors, KLFs)家族的重要成员,通过C端的3个C2H2锌指蛋白结构,结合到靶基因启动子区富含GC的区域,调节靶基因的转录,从而参与调节细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和组织器官发育等多个生理过程。本文详细梳理了KLF9在机体代谢、氧化应激、肿瘤的发生发展等多个病理/生理过程中的作用,对近年来发表的KLF9相关文献做一简要概述,为深入解析KLF9的生理功能及其作用机制提供参考。     

Systematic RNAi studies on the role of Sp/KLF factors in globin gene expression and erythroid differentiation

Sp/KLF family of factors regulates gene expression by binding to the CACCC/GC/GT boxes in the DNA through their highly conserved three zinc finger domains. To investigate the role of this family of factors in erythroid differentiation and globin gene expression, we first measured the expression levels of selected Sp/KLF factors in primary cells of fetal and adult stages of erythroid development. This quantitative analysis revealed that their expression levels vary significantly in cells of either stages of the erythroid development. Significant difference in their expression levels was observed between fetal and adult erythroid cells for some Sp/KLF factors. Functional studies using RNA interference revealed that the silencing of Sp1 and KLF8 resulted in elevated level of gamma globin expression in K562 cells. In addition, K562 cells become visibly red after Sp1 knockdown. Benzidine staining revealed significant hemoglobinization of these cells, indicating erythroid differentiation. Moreover, the expression of PU.1, ETS1 and Notch1 is significantly down-regulated in the cells that underwent erythroid differentiation following Sp1 knockdown. Overexpression of PU.1 or ETS1 efficiently blocked the erythroid differentiation caused by Sp1 knockdown in K562 cells. The expression of c-Kit, however, was significantly up-regulated. These data indicate that Sp1 may play an important role in erythroid differentiation.     

KLFs对珠蛋白基因表达和红系分化的调控作用

Krüppel样因子(Krüppel-like factors, KLFs)是一组与真核基因转录调控密切相关的锌指蛋白.KLFs高度保守的羧基末端含3个串联的Cys2His2型锌指结构,用于结合GC盒和CACCC盒等DNA序列. 红细胞中特异表达的珠蛋白基因和许多红系调控因子中都含有CACCC盒.已有研究发现,多个KLFs通过结合CACCC盒参与调控珠蛋白基因表达和红系分化,例如,KLF1通过结合β-珠蛋白启动子和位点控制区(locus control region, LCR),促进β-珠蛋白的表达、γ-向β-珠蛋白基因的转换和红系分化;KLF2、KLF11和KLF13分别促进ε-和γ-珠蛋白基因的表达;KLF4促进α-和γ-珠蛋白基因的表达;KLF3和KLF8则抑制ε-和γ-珠蛋白基因的表达. 本文综述了KLFs调控珠蛋白基因表达和红系分化的研究进展.     

Evolutionary conservation of KLF transcription factors and functional conservation of human gamma-globin gene regulation in chicken

The Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of Cys2His2 zinc-finger DNA binding proteins with homology to Drosophila Krüppel. KLFs can bind to CACCC elements, which are important in controlling developmental programs. The CACCC promoter element is critical for the developmental regulation of the human gamma-globin gene. In the present study, chicken homologues of the human KLF2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 15 genes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis confirms that these genes are more closely related to their human homologues than they are to other chicken KLFs. This work also represents the first systematic study of the expression patterns of KLFs during erythroid development. In addition, transient transfections of human globin constructs into 5-day (primitive) chicken red blood cells show that human gamma-globin expression is regulated via its CACCC promoter element. This indicates that a CACCC-binding factor(s) important for gamma-globin expression functions in 5-day chicken red cells.     

Kruppel-like factor 1 (KLF1), KLF2, and Myc control a regulatory network essential for embryonic erythropoiesis

The Krüppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) and KLF2 positively regulate embryonic β-globin expression and have additional overlapping roles in embryonic (primitive) erythropoiesis. KLF1(-/-) KLF2(-/-) double knockout mice are anemic at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) and die by E11.5, in contrast to single knockouts. To investigate the combined roles of KLF1 and KLF2 in primitive erythropoiesis, expression profiling of E9.5 erythroid cells was performed. A limited number of genes had a significantly decreasing trend of expression in wild-type, KLF1(-/-), and KLF1(-/-) KLF2(-/-) mice. Among these, the gene for Myc (c-Myc) emerged as a central node in the most significant gene network. The expression of the Myc gene is synergistically regulated by KLF1 and KLF2, and both factors bind the Myc promoters. To characterize the role of Myc in primitive erythropoiesis, ablation was performed specifically in mouse embryonic proerythroblast cells. After E9.5, these embryos exhibit an arrest in the normal expansion of circulating red cells and develop anemia, analogous to KLF1(-/-) KLF2(-/-) embryos. In the absence of Myc, circulating erythroid cells do not show the normal increase in α- and β-like globin gene expression but, interestingly, have accelerated erythroid cell maturation between E9.5 and E11.5. This study reveals a novel regulatory network by which KLF1 and KLF2 regulate Myc to control the primitive erythropoietic program.     

KLF9 suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis via the AR pathway in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells

Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) play an important role in many biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation and development. Our study showed that the level of KLF9 is lower in PCa cell lines compared to a benign prostate cell line; the androgen-independent cell line PC3 expresses significantly lower KLF9 than the androgen-dependent cell line, LNCaP. Forced overexpression of KLF9 suppressed cell growth, colony formation, and induced cell apoptosis in LNCaP cells. We also found that KLF9 expression was induced in response to apoptosis caused by flutamide, and further addition of dihydrotestosterone antagonized the action of flutamide and significantly decreased KLF9 expression. Furthermore, activation of the androgen receptor (AR) was inhibited by the overexpression of KLF9. Our research shows that KLF9 is lower in androgen-independent cell lines than in androgen-dependent cell lines; Overexpression of KLF9 dramatically suppresses the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and induces apoptosis in androgen-dependent cells; KLF9 inhibition on prostate cancer cell growth may be acting through the AR pathway. Our results therefore suggest that KLF9 may play a significant role in the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent prostate cancer and is a potential target of prevention and therapy.