甘薯兼抗薯瘟病和蔓割病种质筛选鉴定

用甘薯瘟2个致病型菌株对557份甘薯品种(系)分菌系做盆苗和田间接种鉴定,并用蔓割病菌接种鉴定.结果表明,筛选出兼抗薯瘟病2个菌系的品种(系)31份,兼抗甘薯瘟和蔓割病的品种(系)有16份,其中泉薯860、泉薯854、金山93、榕选416、金山908、广薯88-70和泉薯853等7份与我省主栽抗病品种湘薯75-55(CK)相比,具有类似的双抗性能力,而其抗瘟能力更强.福薯87、林泗2号、金山57和湛93-16等4份对照品种只抗单个病害或兼抗单个菌系.     

海南普通野生稻稻瘟病抗性资源调查和鉴定

为挖掘海南普通野生稻稻瘟病抗性资源,2010年诱发鉴定了41个居群410份材料苗期叶瘟,2011年接种稻瘟病菌（YC25）鉴定了37个居群121份材料穗颈瘟,2012年调查了80个居群2461份材料田间自然状态的抗病性。结果表明：苗期叶瘟抗性鉴定有21份高抗、117份抗病。苗期抗、高抗叶瘟性的138份材料中穗颈瘟鉴定4份高抗和3份抗病,14份表现为田间自然抗病。苗期叶瘟鉴定不抗病或未作此鉴定材料中,4份表现为抗穗颈瘟和田间自然抗病。这些抗性材料来自海口、文昌、万宁、三亚、澄迈、东方等地。本研究为海南普通野生稻资源进一步研究和抗稻瘟病育种利用提供参考     

抗蔓割病优质甘薯种质C180在育种中的应用

从河北351×莆薯76-16杂交后代中选育出的甘薯种质C180,具高抗蔓割病兼抗甘薯瘟Ⅰ型菌系、品质优良、抗病基因遗传力高、配合力好等特点,是抗病育种上已成功利用的核心亲本。福建省利用C180亲本材料直接或间接育成20多个甘薯新品系,其中通过国家或省级审定的品种8个。这些衍生品种主要用于我国南方薯区,多数分布在福建,推广面积较大的有金山57、福薯3282和泉薯723等品种。     

76份特用甘薯种质资源的鉴定评价

对76份从国际马铃薯研究中心(CIP)引进的胡萝卜素含量较高的特用型资源材料进行鉴定评价,结果如下:筛选到短蔓资源2份,干物率较对照徐薯18(CK)高的材料19份,干物率≥30%的材料3份,胡萝卜素含量≥10mg/100 g鲜样的资源材料有19份,鲜薯产量较CK高的材料1份(440189);通过抗病鉴定评价获得抗黑斑病、根腐病、茎线虫病材料分别为44份、10份、26份,兼抗两种病材料20份,兼抗三种病材料5份。     

甘薯品种抗旱适应性综合评价的方法研究

在对水分胁迫下甘薯形态、生长势、生理生化和产量性状等指标与品种抗旱性进行相关分析的基础上,采用抗旱系数法、聚类分析法、隶属函数法对品种抗旱适应性予以综合评价.综合评价的结果,将15个供试甘薯品种按抗旱水平由弱到强划分为不抗（农大红、漳薯1号、8908-383）、低抗（宿芋1号、9318-58、渝苏303、89-1、95-411-153、西蒙1号）、中抗（92-111-107、渝薯34、南薯88、92-103-30）和高抗（Y3、潮薯1号）四级.上述几种关于甘薯品种抗旱适应性综合评价的方法具有较好的一致性.     

抗病高淀粉甘薯品种徐薯26的选育及产量形成特点

抗病高淀粉甘薯新品种徐薯26是中国农业科学院甘薯研究所以徐781为母本,通过集团杂交放任授粉、多年多点综合鉴定选育而成。该品种2009年通过国家甘薯新品种鉴定,鉴定编号为国品鉴甘薯2009003。对徐薯26的形态特征、品质性状、抗病性、生产力和产量形成的生理特点等进行了研究,结果表明:徐薯26全生育期长势平稳,薯干品质和食味较好,抗根腐病和蔓割病,薯干和淀粉产量与徐薯18相比增产极显著,生长后期薯块干物质积累较快,经济系数较高,适宜早栽和密植。     

高淀粉多抗甘薯新品种徐薯25的选育及特性评价

高淀粉多抗甘薯新品种徐薯25利用高产综合性状较好的徐薯18为母本,高干高抗优异材料徐781为父本,通过人工控制授粉杂交、多点综合鉴定筛选育成;2007年通过国家甘薯新品种鉴定,鉴定编号为国品鉴甘薯200702;2008年通过山东省品种审定,审定编号为鲁农审2008040.通过对徐薯25特征特性、生产力、抗病性、品质性状以及产量形成的生理特点进行深入研究表明:鲜薯产量与高产兼用品种徐薯18持平,薯干产量比徐薯18增产15%以上,薯块干物质含量则比徐薯18高4.24%;徐薯25在总光合势、净同化率等方面与徐薯18相似,其获得高产主要依赖于光合产物合理的分配,物质生产属"经济系数型";徐薯25高抗茎线虫病、根腐病、蔓割病;薯块粗蛋白、薯块还原糖、薯块可溶性糖和叶片粗蛋白均高于徐薯18.     

甘薯茎线虫病抗侵入和抗扩展资源评价

对69份创新种质和具有200个单株的RAPD分析分离群体进行甘薯茎线虫病抗侵入和抗扩展鉴定,结果表明:可作为抗性亲本的材料仅占创新种质的23.2%,福薯13为高抗侵入和高抗扩展特异资源,泉紫薯1号、烟紫薯176、徐01-2-5、徐01-25-8具有高抗侵入、抗扩展特性,可作为双抗亲本加以利用.另对甘薯茎线虫病抗扩展性鉴定方法的研究表明:采用室内接种200条线虫,25℃室温下培养45d,以薯块的横切和纵切面的平均防效进行评价最为有效.     

高产淀粉型甘薯新品种徐薯27的选育及品质特性

高产淀粉型甘薯新品种徐薯27是以徐薯18为母本,选择遗传背景差异大的20个品种(系)为父本,放任授粉集团杂交后代中筛选。该品种2009年通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定。通过对徐薯27农艺性状特征、生产力、抗病性、品质特征性状以淀粉糊化特性等进行研究,结果表明:徐薯27萌芽性好,地上部长势平稳,耐贮藏;高抗根腐病,中抗茎线虫病;鲜薯和薯干产量对照徐薯18,最高增产分别达19.41%和19.21%,具有超高产潜力;徐薯27淀粉RVA谱为A型,不同肥料处理下RVA参数值差异明显,有机肥能明显降低其淀粉最高粘度值(PKV)、最低粘度值(HPV)和最终粘度值(CPV),糊化温度在较高的75～80℃范围。     

基于发根培养体系的甘薯品种抗线虫特性鉴定研究

利用发根农杆菌诱导的甘薯发根体系,鉴定甘薯品种抗线虫的特性。试验在甘薯品种徐薯18、栗子香和鲁78066诱导的发根体系上,接种马铃薯腐烂线虫,六周后调查发根繁殖线虫情况及线虫侵染发根情况,然后评价它们的抗线虫特性。结果表明:培养六周后,线虫在徐薯18、栗子香和鲁78066发根上繁殖倍数分别为8.82,0.76和0.70;在徐薯18发根上观察到多处线虫侵入位点,在栗子香和鲁78066发根上只观察到一处线虫侵入位点;基于以上结果,鉴定徐薯18为易感线虫病品种,栗子香和鲁78066为抗线虫病品种,徐薯18和鲁78066的鉴定结果和发病地自然诱发鉴定结果相一致,栗子香不同于发病地自然诱发鉴定结果。鉴定结果表明:用不同品种的甘薯发根作鉴定其抗线虫特性,具有体系简单、直观方便、重复性好以及不受自然环境影响等优点,进一步完善可以作为植物对线虫病抗性鉴定新的体系。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.