共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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细胞自噬与病毒感染 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自噬是广泛存在于真核细胞内的一种溶酶体依赖性降解途径,在维持细胞存活、更新、物质再利用和内环境稳定中起着重要作用。目前已经发现大量新的自噬相关基因,同时发现自噬在病毒感染过程中发挥着重要的抗病毒作用:自噬可以将胞质中的病毒转运到溶酶体中,降解病毒;也可以将病毒核酸转运至胞内感受器上激活天然免疫;还可以将病毒抗原递呈给MHCⅡ类分子激活适应性免疫。自噬参与胞内微生物感染具有双重作用。一方面,自噬能够降解入侵的微生物,即以异源吞噬(xenophagy)的方式清除胞内的病原体;另一方面,有些微生物能够通过某些机制逃避自噬而利于自身存活。本文就细胞自噬及其与不同病毒感染关系的最新研究进展进行综述。 相似文献
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付婉董笛赵颖 《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2017,(5):448-455
细胞自噬是真核生物中高度保守的一类生物学途径,它通过降解细胞浆内不同组分,维持细胞自身平衡并帮助细胞在应激情况下生存。自噬在生物体生长发育、免疫防御、肿瘤抑制及神经退行性疾病中都有重大的意义。哺乳动物细胞中,自噬过程主要由自噬相关蛋白(Atg)所形成的一系列复合物所调控,这些蛋白质分别在自噬的启动、自噬泡的形成、延伸及成熟和降解过程中发挥重要的作用。在此,本文针对一些重要的自噬相关蛋白质对近年来自噬分子机制的研究进展做一总结。 相似文献
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干细胞具有自我更新和分化成其他细胞类型的能力。一些因素如衰老和抗癌治疗等会引起毒性蛋白和受损细胞器在干细胞中堆积,严重影响干细胞的功能。细胞自噬是一条依赖溶酶体的蛋白质降解途径,负责清除胞质内异常的蛋白质聚集体和失去功能的细胞器,在维持细胞内稳态方面发挥重要的生理功能。近年来的研究表明,细胞自噬对干细胞功能的维持非常重要,综述了细胞自噬的分子机制及其在干细胞中的作用的研究进展。 相似文献
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自噬(autophagy)是真核生物细胞通过形成自噬体,回收利用胞内物质,维持细胞健康的高通量亚细胞降解途径。随着酵母和动物自噬研究的深入,植物自噬也受到越来越多的关注。近期的研究揭示了植物自噬的基本机制及其生理意义,也发现了植物特有的自噬形式与自噬相关基因。该文主要综述了自噬在植物碳、氮营养中的作用。 相似文献
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自噬是一个保守的细胞内降解系统,在细胞死亡中起着双重作用,可以为细胞在营养缺乏条件下提供一些必要的营养物质促进细胞存活,但是自噬过度发生会导致细胞内一些正常组分被降解从而加速细胞死亡.铁死亡是一种新的细胞死亡调控形式,主要依赖于铁的积累和脂质过氧化.铁死亡在细胞形态、生物化学特征和所涉及的调控因子上都与自噬以及其他类型... 相似文献
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自体吞噬是一种细胞内自我降解系统,它能将植物细胞内溶物运输至液泡并降解.自体吞噬可划分为内溶物的包裹、运输至液泡、内溶物的降解和降解产物的重新利用几个连续步骤.关于细胞自体吞噬的认识主要来源于酵母、人类、小鼠、果蝇和线虫等生物,以拟南芥等为代表的植物细胞自体吞噬的研究虽然刚刚开始,但也取得了一些标志性的成果,且近十几年来已迅速成为植物研究领域的热点之一.自体吞噬在植物体内具有多种生理和病理作用,如对饥饿的适应、细胞内蛋白质和细胞器的清除、种子中贮藏蛋白的积累、抵制微生物、细胞死亡和胁迫响应等.本文在介绍自体吞噬形成过程的基础上,着重探讨了自体吞噬在植物生长发育中的功能,并对植物中自体吞噬的研究方向进行了展望. 相似文献
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《Autophagy》2013,9(2):372-373
Whether and how autophagy is involved in tumorigenesis is poorly understood. We approached this question by investigating a relatively large cohort of patients with mostly early primary melanoma for their expression of 2 markers for autophagy, the protein ATG5 (autophagy-related 5) and MAP1LC3B/LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B). Surprisingly, we discovered that both ATG5 and LC3 levels are decreased in patients with melanomas as compared with those with benign nevi. We wondered why reduced autophagy should facilitate early tumor development. Using an in vitro model of melanoma tumorigenesis, in which a mutated oncogene, BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B), had been introduced into normal human melanocytes, we were able to show that downregulation of ATG5 promoted the proliferation of melanocytes because it facilitated bypassing oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). Our work supports previous reports that had argued that autophagy actually suppresses tumorigenesis and explains the possible mechanism. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the status of ATG5 and autophagy could serve as a diagnostic marker for distinguishing benign from malignant tumors of melanocytes. 相似文献
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Autophagy vitalizes the pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《Autophagy》2013,9(10):1415-1425
Plant pathogenic fungi utilize a series of complex infection structures, in particular the appressorium, to gain entry to and colonize plant tissue. As a consequence of the accumulation of huge quantities of glycerol in the cell the appressorium generates immense intracellular turgor pressure allowing the penetration peg of the appressorium to penetrate the leaf cuticle. Autophagic processes are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and facilitate the bulk degradation of macromolecules and organelles. The study of autophagic processes has been extended from the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to pathogenic fungi such as the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Significantly, null mutants for the expression of M. oryzae autophagy gene homologs lose their pathogenicity for infection of host plants. Clarification of the functions and network of interactions between the proteins expressed by M. oryzae autophagy genes will lead to a better understanding of the role of autophagy in fungal pathogenesis and help in the development of new strategies for disease control. 相似文献
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Whether and how autophagy is involved in tumorigenesis is poorly understood. We approached this question by investigating a relatively large cohort of patients with mostly early primary melanoma for their expression of 2 markers for autophagy, the protein ATG5 (autophagy-related 5) and MAP1LC3B/LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B). Surprisingly, we discovered that both ATG5 and LC3 levels are decreased in patients with melanomas as compared with those with benign nevi. We wondered why reduced autophagy should facilitate early tumor development. Using an in vitro model of melanoma tumorigenesis, in which a mutated oncogene, BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B), had been introduced into normal human melanocytes, we were able to show that downregulation of ATG5 promoted the proliferation of melanocytes because it facilitated bypassing oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). Our work supports previous reports that had argued that autophagy actually suppresses tumorigenesis and explains the possible mechanism. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the status of ATG5 and autophagy could serve as a diagnostic marker for distinguishing benign from malignant tumors of melanocytes. 相似文献
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在生理状态下,细胞通过自噬清除衰老细胞器和异常长寿蛋白质,维持自身结构和功能的衡定,参与胚胎发育、免疫调节和延长寿命。病理状态下细胞自噬水平显著升高,以耐受饥饿、缺血和凋亡。自噬功能障碍与某些慢性感染疾病、神经变性疾病、溶酶体贮积症和肿瘤等密切相关。掌握和合理应用自噬研究技术对于提高细胞自噬研究水平有着重要意义。该文对哺乳类细胞自噬研究技术进展及其应用作了概述。 相似文献