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CRISPR/Cas系统几乎存在于所有的细菌和古菌中,是用来抵御外来病毒和噬菌体入侵的获得性免疫防御机制。2012年起CRISPR/Cas9被改造为基因编辑工具,并衍生出一系列高效、便捷的基因编辑工具,迅速在基础理论、基因诊断和临床治疗等研究领域中得到广泛应用。然而,CRISPR/Cas9也存在细胞毒性、脱靶效应和基因插入困难等一些亟待解决的问题,在一定程度上限制了CRISPR/Cas9的应用。Cpf1是2015年报道的一种新型CRISPR效应蛋白,具有许多与Cas9不同的特性,有利于克服CRISPR/Cas9应用中的一些限制。本文综述了近两年来对CRISPR/Cpf1的研究进展和应用,并对其应用前景和发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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近日,宾夕法尼亚州立大学杨亦农(Yinong Yang)教授团队在a BIOTECH期刊在线发表题为"Efficient expression of multiple guide RNAs for CRISPR/Cas genome editing"的综述。总结了CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术中引导RNA (gRNA)的表达策略,介绍了多重基因编辑中同时表达多个引导RNA的方法和技巧,为CRISPR/Cas技术的开发和应用提供了参考。 相似文献
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CRISPR/Cas技术是一项新兴的基因编辑技术,它利用与目标序列互补的向导RNA(sg RNA)引导Cas酶定点切割DNA。由于该技术操作简便、要求低,已成为近几年最受关注的基因编辑技术。而随着该技术的广泛使用和人们对CRISPR/Cas系统了解的不断深入,对该技术优与劣的争论也不断升温。本文就该技术的起源、CRISPR/Cas系统的工作原理,以及目前的主流应用和成果进行了介绍,希望能够帮助人们对CRISPR/Cas技术有一个更全面的了解。 相似文献
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规律性成簇间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR)的发现和工程技术对生命科学的发展带来巨大的推动作用。RNA引导的Cas(CRISPR-associated)酶已被用作操纵细胞、动物和植物基因组的工具。这加速了基础研究的步伐,并使其在临床和农业上的应用成为可能。CRISPR/Cas9对在实验系统中进行的功能基因组学的研究有重大影响。CRISPR/Cas9系统自发现以来,因其操作便捷、成本低、特异性高、可同时打靶任意数量基因等优点而被广泛应用。经过近几年研究发现,Cas9变异体(Cas12a、Cas13)有利于突破和克服CRISPR/Cas9应用中的一些限制,Cas12a极大地扩展了基因编辑靶位点的选择范围,同时其介导的多基因编辑具有明显的优势;Cas13等蛋白能特异性结合和编辑RNA,开启了转录组研究的新篇章。本文主要就CRISPR/Cas的研究背景以及Cas9、Cas12a和Cas13系统研究进展和应用进行综述,并对其应用前景和发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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基于CRISPR/Cas的基因编辑是近年发展起来的一项变革性生物技术。其过程包括在目标DNA位点引入双链断裂(double strand break,DSB)以及其后续的细胞修复。细胞修复DSB主要有两种方式：非同源末端连接(non-homologous end joining,NHEJ)以及同源重组介导的修复(homology-directed repair,HDR)。前者是大多数细胞修复DSB的主要方式,其特点在于修复简单、效率高但极易出错,往往会引发难以预测的核苷酸插入或删除。点突变是自然界中最常见的遗传突变类型,引起了超过半数的人类遗传疾病以及许多重要农艺性状变异。碱基编辑能够实现单个碱基的替换,既不需要引入DSB,又无需修复模板参与,具有高效、编辑结果可控等优点,在基因治疗、作物育种及生物技术研究等方面具有重大的应用潜能。自首个碱基编辑工具开发以来,碱基编辑相关技术得到快速发展及广泛应用。本文综述了目前DNA碱基编辑研究进展,重点阐述了碱基编辑器及其在编辑效率、精度以及特异性提高和编辑范围扩展等方面的最新进展以及仍存在的瓶颈,并展望其研究和应用前景。 相似文献
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规律成簇间隔的短回文序列(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)是细菌和古菌中的获得性免疫系统,利用该系统能定点进行基因编辑。最近,科学家发现了新的CRISPR-associated (Cas)蛋白,其中由Cas12a介导的基因编辑能显著降低脱靶率。文中对CRISPR/Cas系统的发现历史、组成和分类、工作原理进行概述,并总结了该系统的最新研究进展及在斑马鱼Danio rerio中的应用。 相似文献
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拟利用CRISPR/Cas9技术建立编辑FGF5基因的绒山羊细胞株。在FGF5基因的第一外显子设计靶点并合成gRNA靶点引物,构建2个编辑FGF5基因的Cas/gRNA真核表达质粒载体。电穿孔法转染绒山羊成纤维细胞后T7核酸内切酶（T7E1）检测载体活性,选择活性最高的载体转染细胞,单细胞接种并扩繁,提取基因组DNA,PCR及测序鉴定。经测序分析共获得20个FGF5基因敲除细胞株（包括FGF5+/-和FGF5-/-）,总突变率为14.81%。双敲除突变细胞株可作为供体细胞进行重构胚构建,为创造高产绒性状的FGF5基因编辑绒山羊奠定基础。 相似文献
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RNA沉默是植物重要的抗病毒防御机制,双链RNA结合蛋白(dsRNA-binding proteins, DRB)是RNA沉默信号途径中的关键蛋白。DRB1/HYL1是拟南芥基因组编码的7个DRBs之一,本研究将人工合成含2个AtHyl1靶位点序列的串联t RNA-gRNA片段导入CRISPR/Cas9表达载体中,构建双靶点的CRISPR/Cas9表达载体,通过转化拟南芥dcl2drb4双突变体获得36株转基因阳性植株。对经测序分析可能已发生基因编辑的3株进行单克隆测序分析,测序结果表明均已发生编辑,获得了AtHyl1基因被编辑的拟南芥dcl2drb4突变体T_1代转基因植物。该结果为研究AtHyl1是否参与DCL4介导的抗病毒RNA沉默通路提供了帮助。 相似文献
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作物的优良性状往往来自于其相应基因的单个碱基突变,而传统育种无法轻易获得此种定向单碱基变异。单碱基编辑技术是以成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR?associated proteins,CRISPR/Cas）系统为基础改良的一项基因编辑技术,该技术可在不造成DNA双链断裂的情况下对靶序列上的特定碱基进行定向替换。为拓展单碱基编辑技术在作物中的识别范围,利用来自Francisella novicida细菌的FnCpf1核酸酶及胞嘧啶脱氨酶APOBEC1对单碱基编辑系统进行改良,并针对玉米BT2基因靶位点构建相应载体,通过瞬时转化手段检测其编辑能力。检测结果发现9种碱基变化类型,其中靶位点5′端第11个碱基的胞嘧啶转化为腺嘌呤,位点编辑效率达到2.5%。结果表明该系统能够识别“TTN”作为原型间隔序列毗邻基序（protospacer?adjacent motif,PAM）并对靶位点进行单碱基编辑,为单碱基编辑识别范围的拓展提供了研究思路。 相似文献
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CRISPR‐Cpf1 is a newly identified CRISPR‐Cas system, and Cpf1 was recently engineered as a molecular tool for targeted genome editing in mammalian cells. To test whether the engineered CRISPR‐Cpf1 system could induce the production of rice mutants, we selected two genome targets in the OsPDS and OsBEL genes. Our results show that both targets could be efficiently mutated in transgenic rice plants using CRISPR‐Cpf1. We found that pre‐crRNAs with a full‐length direct repeat sequence exhibited considerably increased efficiencies compared with mature crRNAs. In addition, the specificity and transmission of the mutation were investigated, and the behaviours of crRNA‐Cpf1‐induced plant targeted genome mutagenesis were assessed. Taken together, our results indicate that CRISPR‐Cpf1 expression via stable transformation can efficiently generate specific and heritable targeted mutations in rice and thereby constitutes a novel and important approach to specific and precise plant genome editing. 相似文献
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Dong Zhanqi Qin Qi Hu Zhigang Chen Peng Huang Liang Zhang Xinling Tian Ting Lu Cheng Pan Minhui 《中国病毒学》2019,34(4):444-453
Recently the developed single guide(sg)RNA-guided clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein 9 nuclease(CRISPR/Cas9) technology has opened a new avenue for antiviral therapy. The CRISPR/Cas9 system uniquely allows targeting of multiple genome sites simultaneously. However, there are relatively few applications of CRISPR/Cas9 multigene editing to target insect viruses. To address the need for sustained delivery of a multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing vehicle against insect viruses, we developed a one-vector(pSL1180-Cas9-U6-sgRNA) system that expresses multiple sgRNA and Cas9 protein to excise Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus(BmNPV) in insect cells.We screened the immediate-early-1 gene(ie-1), the major envelope glycoprotein gene(gp64), and the late expression factor gene(lef-11), and identified multiple sgRNA editing sites through flow cytometry and viral DNA replication analysis. In addition, we constructed a multiplex editing vector(PSL1180-Cas9-sgIE1-sgLEF11-sgGP64, sgMultiple) to efficiently regulate multiplex gene-editing and inhibit BmNPV replication after viral infection. This is the first report of the application of a multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 system to inhibit insect virus replication. This multiplex system can significantly enhance the potential of CRISPR/Cas9-based multiplex genome engineering in insect virus. 相似文献
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Tien Van Vu Velu Sivankalyani Eun‐Jung Kim Duong Thi Hai Doan Mil Thi Tran Jihae Kim Yeon Woo Sung Minwoo Park Yang Jae Kang Jae‐Yean Kim 《Plant biotechnology journal》2020,18(10):2133-2143
Genome editing via the homology‐directed repair (HDR) pathway in somatic plant cells is very inefficient compared with error‐prone repair by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Here, we increased HDR‐based genome editing efficiency approximately threefold compared with a Cas9‐based single‐replicon system via the use of de novo multi‐replicon systems equipped with CRISPR/LbCpf1 in tomato and obtained replicon‐free but stable HDR alleles. The efficiency of CRISPR/LbCpf1‐based HDR was significantly modulated by physical culture conditions such as temperature and light. Ten days of incubation at 31 °C under a light/dark cycle after Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation resulted in the best performance among the tested conditions. Furthermore, we developed our single‐replicon system into a multi‐replicon system that effectively increased HDR efficiency. Although this approach is still challenging, we showed the feasibility of HDR‐based genome editing of a salt‐tolerant SlHKT1;2 allele without genomic integration of antibiotic markers or any phenotypic selection. Self‐pollinated offspring plants carrying the HKT1;2 HDR allele showed stable inheritance and germination tolerance in the presence of 100 mm NaCl. Our work may pave the way for transgene‐free editing of alleles of interest in asexually and sexually reproducing plants. 相似文献
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Jeong Won Hong Chan Young Jeong Jeong Hee Yu Su-Bae Kim Sang Kuk Kang Seong-Wan Kim Nam-Suk Kim Kee Young Kim Jong Woo Park 《Biotechnology progress》2020,36(6):e3054
Genome editing by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein (Cas)9, a third-generation gene scissors, and molecular breeding at the genome level are attracting considerable attention as future breeding techniques. In the present study, genetic and phenotypic analyses were conducted to examine the molecular breeding of Bombyx mori through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) gene. The synthesized guide RNAs (gRNAs) were analyzed using T7 endonuclease I after introduction into the BM-N silkworm cell line. To edit the silkworm gene, K1P gRNA, and Cas9 complexes were microinjected into silkworm embryos. After microinjection, the hatching rate and the incidence of mutation were determined as 18.1% and 60%, respectively. Gene mutation was verified in the heterozygous G0 generation, but no phenotypic change was observed; however, certain embryos and moths produced through sib-mating had significant differences compared to the wild-type. In successive generations, a distinct phenotypic change was also observed by continuous mating. Thus, although there are limitations in the phenotypic expression in breeding through the induction of deletion mutations, as in the present study, the process is believed to yield successful results within a shorter period compared to traditional breeding and is safer than transgenic technology. 相似文献
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Tianwen Li Linwen Zhu Bingxiu Xiao Zhaohui Gong Qi Liao Junming Guo 《Biotechnology advances》2019,37(1):21-27
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Yaokang Wu Yanfeng Liu Xueqin Lv Jianghua Li Guocheng Du Long Liu 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2020,117(6):1817-1825
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