Succès du repérage isotopique peropératoire dans l’éradication totale de l’ostéome ostéoïde persistant

The osteoid osteoma is a small benign, painful, bony tumour in which the treatment consists of a complete surgical ablation. The cases of recurrence often correspond to an incomplete surgical ablation. We report, in this work, the advantage of isotopic intraoperative marking for an accurate and complete excision of the pathological lesion in a young patient, during his surgical resumption after the short-term failure of the first intervention, which was accomplished without intraoperative location, and completed with a literature review.     

磁共振检查对复杂性肛瘘手术治疗患者的指导价值及术后复发的危险因素分析

目的:探讨磁共振成像技术(MRI)对复杂性肛瘘诊断和术前评估的指导意义及术后复发的危险因素。方法:前瞻性选取2015年6月至2017年12月到我院诊断并接受手术治疗的359例复杂性肛瘘患者,将其随机分为观察组182例和对照组177例。对照组患者术前未行MRI检查,术中行亚甲蓝染色指导手术治疗。观察组术前行MRI检查,术中给予亚甲蓝染色结合术前评估行手术治疗,以术中探查结果为金标准,统计MRI术前检查复杂性肛瘘的准确率,Kappa检验评估MRI检查结果与术中探查结果的一致性,经1-2年的随访统计所有患者复发情况,单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析术后复发的危险因素。结果:观察组术中探查共发现瘘管内口281个,合并肛周脓肿57例,多发瘘管及支管151例,MRI术前检查瘘管内口、合并肛周脓肿、多发瘘管及支管的准确率分别为98.22%(276/281)、85.96%(49/57)、96.03%(145/151),观察组中MRI结果与术中探查结果对患者Parks分型通过一致性检验显示,两结果一致性较好(k=0.890,P=0.001)。单因素分析结果显示,肛瘘位置、内口位置、合并肛周脓肿、既往肛瘘手术史及术前是否行MRI检查均会影响复发率(均P0.05),Logistic回归多因素分析显示,术前未进行MRI检查、高位肛瘘、内口位于后正中线、既往肛瘘手术史是复杂性肛瘘术后复发的危险因素(均P0.05)。结论:MRI检查复杂性肛瘘能够术前明确瘘管及内口数量,可较为精确地识别瘘管Parks分型,有助于提高手术疗效,合并肛周脓肿、术前未进行MRI检查、高位肛瘘、内口位于后位、既往肛瘘手术史是复杂性肛瘘术后复发的危险因素。     

Intraoperative computer tomography control within the scope of maxillofacial traumatology using a mobile scanner]

Advances in intra-operative imaging and the development of new minimally invasive techniques are having an ever greater impact on modern surgery. Mobile CT scanners in the operating room is a new technique that permits image-guided surgery, and helps minimize postoperative complications. We report on our initial experience with intraoperative CT scanning during surgery on patients suffering lateral midface trauma. A mobile CT unit, the Tomoscan M (Philips, Utrecht, Netherlands) set up in the operating room, was evaluated in 6 patients with zygomatic bone fractures. The patients were placed on the CT scanner table, which is detachable from the gantry. The unit is powered by batteries charged from an ordinary ring mains supply via a conventional plug. The CT images obtained were of good quality in all cases. No technical problems were observed during surgery. Using repeat CT scans, the procedure also permits accurate intraoperative monitoring of the anatomical repositioning of the bone fragments, and accurate implantation. No intraoperative or early postoperative complications were observed. This new technical aid ensures highly accurate reduction of the bone fragments, and minimizes the need for reoperation. High-quality intraoperative imaging with surgical navigation increase surgical outcome, and expand the spectrum of minimally invasive surgery.     

Rat uterus anastomoses in a single and a double layer

The Authors display their results on microsurgical operations in rat's uteri. After having described the instruments and methods used, the surgical techniques and the differences between a single and a double layer suture are discussed. However the formation of intraoperative adherences, which can damage the functional results of the intervention, is studied. And what's more the mean number of live born foetuses is seen as an attainable parameter for future validations.     

Use of virtual surgery and stereolithography-guided osteotomy for mandibular reconstruction with the free fibula

Fibular osteotomy remains a challenging aspect of mandibular microsurgical reconstruction, dependent largely on surgeon experience, intraoperative judgment, and technical speed. Virtual surgical planning and stereolithographic modeling is a relatively new technique that can allow for reduction in the learning curve associated with neomandible contouring, enhanced levels of accuracy, and acceleration of a time-consuming intraoperative step. The authors present a video (narrated and edited from planning sessions and intraoperative use of technique to illustrate the technology) and describe their favorable results. Five patients underwent composite resection of the mandible and free fibula osteocutaneous reconstruction over a 6-month period (December of 2009 to June of 2010) at a single institution using a virtual planning session and stereolithographic modeling. Outcomes assessed included technical accuracy, aesthetic contour, and functional outcomes. All patients achieved negative margins with cutting guide-directed resection. Use of this technique eliminated the need for intraoperative measurement and yielded fibular segments with excellent apposition and faithful duplication of the preoperative plan. Minimal adjustments were needed for inset. Flap survival was 100 percent. All patients have maintained preoperative occlusion and a symmetric mandibular contour on Panorex study, three-dimensional computed tomography, and clinical examination. Accuracy of the reconstructed contour was confirmed using computed tomographic image overlay. This virtual surgical planning technique combined with stereolithographic model-guided osteotomy is the mainstay of the authors' approach to fibular osteotomy when dealing with patients requiring mandibular reconstruction. The authors feel this technology facilitates realization of technical accuracy, aesthetic contour, and functional outcomes and may be particularly useful if free fibular mandibular reconstruction is performed less frequently. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.     

A graphic record of intraoperative maneuvers in rhinoplasty: the missing link for evaluating rhinoplasty results

A pictorial system is introduced for documenting intraoperative maneuvers in rhinoplasty that can be used to advantage for relating the effect that different surgical techniques have on postoperative results and for describing to other surgeons the technical steps performed in the operation.     

Tissue-simulating Phantoms for Assessing Potential Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging Applications in Breast Cancer Surgery

Inaccuracies in intraoperative tumor localization and evaluation of surgical margin status result in suboptimal outcome of breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Optical imaging, in particular near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, might reduce the frequency of positive surgical margins following BCS by providing the surgeon with a tool for pre- and intraoperative tumor localization in real-time. In the current study, the potential of NIRF-guided BCS is evaluated using tissue-simulating breast phantoms for reasons of standardization and training purposes.Breast phantoms with optical characteristics comparable to those of normal breast tissue were used to simulate breast conserving surgery. Tumor-simulating inclusions containing the fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) were incorporated in the phantoms at predefined locations and imaged for pre- and intraoperative tumor localization, real-time NIRF-guided tumor resection, NIRF-guided evaluation on the extent of surgery, and postoperative assessment of surgical margins. A customized NIRF camera was used as a clinical prototype for imaging purposes.Breast phantoms containing tumor-simulating inclusions offer a simple, inexpensive, and versatile tool to simulate and evaluate intraoperative tumor imaging. The gelatinous phantoms have elastic properties similar to human tissue and can be cut using conventional surgical instruments. Moreover, the phantoms contain hemoglobin and intralipid for mimicking absorption and scattering of photons, respectively, creating uniform optical properties similar to human breast tissue. The main drawback of NIRF imaging is the limited penetration depth of photons when propagating through tissue, which hinders (noninvasive) imaging of deep-seated tumors with epi-illumination strategies.     

Clinicopathologic management of tumors of the thyroid gland in an endemic goiter area. Combined use of preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy and intraoperative frozen section

In total, 15,325 fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies of the thyroid were examined in the Department of Pathology of the University of Innsbruck, Austria, between 1976 and 1985, with the cytologic results histologically verified in 3,112 cases. Since (1) it is frequently impossible to distinguish benign from malignant encapsulated follicular thyroid tumors by cytologic criteria and (2) there is a high level of follicular thyroid carcinoma in our endemic goiter area, we have adopted a diagnostic strategy that accepts a high percentage of false-positive cytologic results in order not to miss highly differentiated follicular carcinoma. To avoid unnecessarily extensive surgical treatment, 1,079 intraoperative frozen section examinations of the thyroid were performed in the same time period in (1) patients with preoperative suspicious or positive FNA cytologic findings, (2) cases with suspicious clinical and anamnestic data and (3) tumors with a suspicious macroscopic appearance without preoperative FNA or with negative or unsatisfactory cytologic findings. In 48 cases (4.5%), the frozen section diagnosis had to be revised after examination of paraffin-embedded tissue. An intraoperative false-positive diagnosis was obtained in 3 cases (0.3%) while a false-negative diagnosis was made in 45 cases (4.2%). The main effort in examining frozen sections should be concentrated on avoiding false-positive errors, which can lead to unnecessary thyroidectomies.     

Three large, functioning cystic parathyroid adenomas

ObjectiveTo report a very rare case of 3 large, functioning cystic parathyroid adenomas causing primary hyperparathyroidism.MethodsWe present the history, clinical findings, laboratory test results, radiologic findings, endocrine workup results, intraoperative surgical challenges, and surgical pathology report of the study patient. We review the literature and discuss the importance of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement in such cases.ResultsA 79-year-old woman presented with primary hyperparathyroidism and elevated levels of calcium and PTH. Localization studies confirmed the presence of a large right upper parathyroid adenoma. On exploration, a very large cystic parathyroid gland was identified at that location. Because intraoperative PTH levels remained elevated, further exploration was pursued, which revealed 2 more large cystic glands on the left side that were resected. This resulted in an adequate but slow PTH drop. The right lower gland appeared normal. On follow-up 4 days and 6 weeks after surgery, the calcium and PTH levels had normalized.ConclusionThis case highlights the aspects of intraoperative PTH use and underscores the need to exclude multigland disease even in the setting of a very large parathyroid cyst with concordant localization studies. (Endocr Pract. 2012;18:e14-e16)     

Surgical Procedures in Nonagenarians

During the hospital course of 225 nonagenarian patients who underwent 285 major operations—80% on the general, vascular, orthopedic and urologic services—overall morbidity was 37% and mortality 7.5%. The 100 emergency operations were associated with a higher morbidity and mortality rate. Nonsurvivors were more likely to have associated cardiac or cerebral medical conditions, higher utilization of intraoperative invasive hemodynamic monitoring and greater use of surgical intensive care units. Compared with all surgical patients, the nonagenarians were admitted twice as often to the surgical intensive care unit, required twice the number of hospital days, underwent intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring twice as frequently and incurred 200% greater hospital charges. We conclude that with careful evaluation and management, a nonagenarian patient presenting with a surgical condition can safely undergo necessary operative procedures.     

Complications of Oriental blepharoplasty

The complications of Oriental blepharoplasty are described according to their clinical appearance and anatomic findings at the time of surgery. The surgical correction of these complications is presented. A total of 42 patients with complications following blepharoplasty were treated. The types of deformities were categorized from their external appearance as asymmetry, retraction and ectropion, blepharoptosis, supratarsal depression, fading of the lid fold, and hemorrhage. The causes of each type of complication are identified according to the intraoperative findings, and the correlation between preoperative and intraoperative findings is explained. Correction of these complications follows identified guidelines, and the results were good to satisfactory.     

The role of frozen section in surgical staging of low risk endometrial cancer

Background

The role of frozen section (FS) in intraoperative decision making for surgical staging of endometrial cancer is controversial. Objective of this study is to assess the agreement rate between the FS and paraffin section (PS); and the potential impact of the role of FS in the intra-operative decision making for the complete surgical staging in low risk endometrial cancer.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with intra-operative FS stage I, grade I or II endometrial cancer from 1995–2004. FS results were compared with final pathology results with regard to tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node involvement. Agreement statistic with kappa was calculated using SPSS statistical software. Categorical variables were tested using chi-square test with p value of ≤0.05 being statistically significant.

Results

Of the 457 patients with endometrial cancer, 146 were evaluated by intra-operative FS and met inclusion criteria. FS results were in disagreement with permanent section in 35% for the grade (kappa 0.58, p = 0.003), 28% for depth of myometrial invasion (kappa 0.61, p<0.0001), 13% for cervical involvement (kappa 0.78, p = 0.002), and 32% for lymphovascular invasion (kappa 0.6, p = 0.01). Permanent pathology upstaged 31.9% & 23.2% of FS stage IA, & IB specimen respectively. Lymph node dissection was done in 56.8%. Lymph node metastasis was identified in 8.4%. Use of intraoperative FS would have resulted in suboptimal surgical treatment in 13% stage IA and 6.6% of stage IB patients respectively by foregoing lymphadenectomy.

Conclusion

A significant number of patients with low risk endometrial cancer by FS were upstaged and upgraded on final pathology. Before placing absolute reliance on intraoperative FS to undertake complete surgical staging, the inherent limitation of the same in predicting final stage and grade highlighted by our data need to be carefully considered.     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术的研究进展

胃癌是全球发病率较高的恶性肿瘤之一,且发病率呈逐年上升的趋势。传统的治疗方法是开腹胃癌根治术,但该方法对患者机体造成的创伤较大,不利于患者术后恢复,在一定程度上影响了手术治疗的效果。随着医学技术的发展及"微创外科"理念的不断深入,腹腔镜手术以其创伤小、术中出血量少以及术后恢复快等特点被广泛应用于外科手术治疗中。近年来,3D腹腔镜技术的出现使手术视野更加清晰,术中操作更加简便,在一定程度上提高了手术的安全性,但临床对于进展期胃癌根治术的远期疗效一直存在争议。因此,本文对腹腔镜在胃癌根治术中的作用及意义作以综述,为胃癌的微创治疗提供理论参考。     

Vaccum drainage system application in the management of operation-related non-regional epidural hematoma

Inadequate tissue perfusion is a key contributor to early complications following reconstructive procedures. Accurate and reliable intraoperative evaluation of tissue perfusion is critical to reduce complications and improve clinical outcomes. Clinical judgment is the most commonly used method for evaluating blood supply, but when used alone, is not always completely reliable. A variety of other methodologies have been evaluated, including Doppler devices, tissue oximetry, and fluorescein, among others. However, none have achieved widespread acceptance. Recently, intraoperative laser angiography using indocyanine green was introduced to reconstructive surgery. This vascular imaging technology provides real-time assessment of tissue perfusion that correlates with clinical outcomes and can be used to guide surgical decision making. Although this technology has been used for decades in other areas, surgeons may not be aware of its utility for perfusion assessment in reconstructive surgery. A group of experts with extensive experience with intraoperative laser angiography convened to identify key issues in perfusion assessment, review available methodologies, and produce initial recommendations for the use of this technology in reconstructive procedures.     

肝细胞癌根治性切除术后预后因素分析

目的:探讨影响肝细胞癌患者根治性术后预后相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2004年1月1日至2009年12月31日245例我院行根治性切除术的肝细胞癌患者,采用Kaplan-Meier法和Cox比例风险模型分析临床资料、手术过程、病理特征与预后的关系。结果:多因素分析结果显示术前AFP水平、术中出血量、TNM分期是影响无进展生存时间和总生存时间的独立风险因素。术前AFP水平越高、术中出血量越大、TNM分期越晚则患者无进展生存时间及总生存时间明显缩短。此外,患者出现肿瘤组织局部坏死、门静脉癌栓,则总生存时间明显缩短。结论:术前AFP水平、术中出血量、TNM分期是外科根治性切除术后肝细胞癌患者复发及死亡的相关因素,对于临床医师判断预后及延长术后生存时间具有重要的临床意义。     

Global metabolic phenotyping in an experimental laparotomy model of surgical trauma

Surgical trauma initiates a complex series of metabolic host responses designed to maintain homeostasis and ensure survival. (1)H NMR spectroscopy was applied to intraoperative urine and plasma samples as part of a strategy to analyze the metabolic response of Wistar rats to a laparotomy model. Spectral data were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that surgical injury is responsible for the majority of the metabolic variability demonstrated between animals (R2 Urine = 81.2% R2 plasma = 80%). Further statistical analysis by orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) allowed the identification of novel urinary metabolic markers of surgical trauma. Urinary levels of taurine, glucose, urea, creatine, allantoin, and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) were significantly increased after surgery whereas citrate and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) negatively correlated with the intraoperative state as did plasma levels of betaine and tyrosine. Plasma levels of lipoproteins such as VLDL and LDL also rose with the duration of surgery. Moreover, the microbial cometabolites 3-hydroxyphenylpropionate, phenylacetylglycine, and hippurate correlated with the surgical insult, indicating that the gut microbiota are highly sensitive to the global homeostatic state of the host. Metabonomic profiling provides a global overview of surgical trauma that has the potential to provide novel biomarkers for personalized surgical optimization and outcome prediction.     

经皮椎间孔镜与Mast Quadrant通道技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效比较

目的:研究和比较经皮椎间孔镜(Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy,PTED)与Mast Quadrant通道技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症(Lumbar disc herniation,LDH)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2008年至2015年在本院接受手术治疗的单节段LDH患者90例,其中接受经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘突出髓核摘除术(PTED)患者58例,接受Mast Quadrant通道系统下腰椎间盘切除术患者32例,按手术方式的不同分为PTED组与Quadrant组。结合随访资料,评价并比较两组病例手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数、并发症发生情况。手术效果按照视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、0swestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和改良Mac Nab标准进行评定。结果:椎间孔镜组术中出血量、术后住院天数、并发症发生率、术后1天、7天腰痛VAS评分及ODI均优于Quadrant组(P0.05);椎间孔镜组手术时间长于Quadrant组(P0.05);两组术后腿痛VAS评分、手术优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经皮椎间孔镜与Mast Quadrant通道技术均能有效治疗腰椎间盘突出症,在严格掌握手术适应证和禁忌症的前提下,经皮椎间孔镜手术能够明显减少出血及并发症,是一种治疗腰椎间盘突出症理想的微创手术方式,但长期疗效有待进一步临床研究。     

Resection of a massive arteriovenous malformation of the head and neck.

We report a patient with a massive arteriovenous malformation of the head and neck treated by surgical extirpation of the lesion. Arteriography, hypotensive hypothermic anesthesia, and the intraoperative use of the Doppler flowmeter were most helpful in this case.     

Preoperative diagnosis of a breast hydatid cyst using fine-needle aspiration cytology: a case report and review of the literature

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: A hydatid cyst of the breast is rare and often goes unnoticed by mammography and ultrasound. Preoperative diagnosis may be performed using fine-needle aspiration cytology, which also minimizes the risk of intraoperative rupture. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 70-year-old Spanish woman who was diagnosed with a hydatid cyst using fine-needle aspiration cytology before surgery. CONCLUSION: Fine-needle aspiration cytology is an accurate and safe technique that can allow surgery to be avoided, especially in older patients or patients with high surgical risk.