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1.
长江流域黄胸鼠生物学特性观察   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10  
黄胸鼠体型中等,在我国主要分布于南方地区,在长江流域大部分栖息于房舍及其周围。在1982-1998年间以洞庭湖区4个县为主,用夹夜法在室内和野外进行了调查。在洞庭湖区,黄胸鼠的尾长部体而言长于体长,但仍有少部分个体的尾长短于体长。洞庭湖区的黄胸鼠终年繁殖,繁殖能力夏半年高于冬半年,繁殖高峰为4-5月,冬季为繁殖低谷期。雌鼠总体怀孕率与繁殖指数分别为25.3%与1.61,各月平均分别为25.5%与1  相似文献   

2.
黄胸鼠的量度分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
黄胸鼠(Rattus flavipectus)是我省鼠疫等自然疫源性疾病的重要宿主,又是农业的主要害兽,因此,从各方面对该鼠的研究,具有一定意义,现就1989—1990年采获的399只黄胸鼠所测量的量度资料作一分析。(一)材料与方法黄胸鼠捕自室内及室外菜园地。按常规方法称重后,外部及头骨测量。  相似文献   

3.
贵州岑巩发现白化黄胸鼠二例   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
贵州岑巩发现白化黄胸鼠二例关键词黄胸鼠,白化1991年7月25日,笔者在岑巩县天马镇进行农田鼠种类调查工作中,在新建村干洞组住宅外海拔735m处捕获一雌一雄不同程度白化的黄胸鼠(Rattusflavipectus)个体。其中910702号标本为雌性成...  相似文献   

4.
云南省滇西地区黄胸鼠种群年龄研究初报   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
1989年4—12月在云南滇西的瑞丽、保山等地,在室内和菜园地用鼠笼、鼠夹捕获黄胸鼠(Rattus flavipectus)788只。所获个体经测量体重、体长、尾长后,取出左右眼球,浸入10%福尔马林溶液中。剪取完整鼠头部,煮沸制作头骨标本。眼球固定2周后剥出晶体,清水洗净,80℃恒温干燥24小时,然后用Libror天平称取50只晶体的干重,精确度到0.1毫克。为减少误差,固定专人测量体长等量度。  相似文献   

5.
洞庭平原黄胸鼠种群年龄组的划分   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
张美文  郭聪 《兽类学报》1998,18(4):268-276
根据胴体重的频次分布和每5g胴体重组的鼠所对应的发育与繁殖状况,将黄胸鼠分为5个年龄组,Ⅰ,幼年组:胴体重≤35g;Ⅱ。亚成年组,36-65g;Ⅲ。成年一组:66-100g;Ⅳ.成年二组:101-135g;Ⅴ.老年组;〉135g。经t检验,各组间的胴体重,体重,体长尾长都有显著性的差异。各年龄组间的体重与胴体重存在显著的正相关前3个年龄组的体长和尾长与胴体重之间有极显著相关性。各年龄组的雌性比变化  相似文献   

6.
黄胸鼠的年龄鉴定和种群年龄组成   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
本文经晶体干重法鉴定黄胸鼠的年龄,分析其种群年龄组成,并与其他年龄鉴定方法如体重法、体长法、臼齿磨损法进行了比较。  相似文献   

7.
河流可能会阻碍陆生动物的迁移并导致其遗传分化,很多研究证明了河流屏障假说,但是也有少数研究不支持这个假说。本研究采集了云南省384只黄胸鼠Rattus tanezumi样本,分别来自于被5条主要河流隔开的6个地理区域。通过对mt DNA和IRBP两个基因的测序分析,检验云南省主要河流对黄胸鼠种群遗传格局的影响。共鉴定得到81个mt DNA单倍型和135个IRBP单倍型,其中很多单倍型都被2个或2个以上区域共享。AMOVA分析显示,大多数的变异源于种群内部或种群之间,只有少数变异(15%)源于6个区域之间。SAMOVA分析将mt DNA种群分成了3组,但每一组都被2个或2个以上的区域共享;对IRBP的分析则没有检测到明显的谱系地理结构。结果表明,河流屏障对黄胸鼠的遗传格局几乎无影响。  相似文献   

8.
滇西四县(市)居民区室内黄胸鼠体表蚤类群落动态的比较研究吴爱国张希昆(云南省流行病防治研究所,大理671000)AComparativeStydyoftheFleasCommunitiesonRatusflavipectusintheIndoorH...  相似文献   

9.
10.
在西双版纳勐仑地区,以黄胸鼠为研究对象,在半自然围栏条件下,调查比较了黄胸鼠对假海桐和截头石栎两种种子贮藏和取食的差异。采用SPSS for Windows(version 16.0)对数据进行统计分析。结果表明:1)黄胸鼠主要以集中方式贮藏食物,对两种种子均未表现出分散贮藏方式;2)在实验的第2天(自由选择情况下),分别有20.8%的假海桐种子和39.2%的截头石栎种子被集中贮藏,黄胸鼠明显倾向于选择贮藏截头石栎种子(P0.05),分别有4.2%的假海桐种子和0.8%的截头石栎种子被就地取食,但差异不显著(P=0.109);3)贮藏食物被盗窃使黄胸鼠的食物贮藏行为增强,而且对喜好食物(截头石栎种子)的集中贮藏量显著增多(P0.01)。研究结果表明种子大小、种皮厚度影响鼠类对种子的贮藏和取食;提示黄胸鼠在野外条件下对假海桐和截头石栎两种树木的自然更新起着消极作用。  相似文献   

11.
黄贵萍  廖若男 《兽类学报》1997,17(3):216-220
本文对野生大家鼠(Ratusnorvegicus)和Wistar品系实验大白鼠的血红蛋白(Hb)及组织的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶进行了电泳分析,结果表明,两种鼠均表现了Hb的多态性,其中HbI型都含有8个成分,各成分的泳动率相同。两种鼠的心脏LDH同工酶都含有LDH1,LDH2,LDH3和LDH5,而且各谱带泳动率相近似,其余组织LDH谱带泳动率有明显的差异,表现了组织和种(或品系)的特异性。从电泳图谱上发现Wistar大鼠LDH5(A或M亚基纯合体)出现亚带,而LDH1(B或H亚基纯合体)则未发现,可确定变异是由于A或M亚基位点发生突变,出现等位基因而导致。对褐家鼠的LDH4出现亚带也进行了讨论  相似文献   

12.
黄毛鼠(Rattus rattides)在群居(4只/笼)时体重及性器官,如睾丸和附睾的增长都受到了极大的抑制;血清中睾酮含量的迅速上升以及成熟精子在附睾的曲细精管中出现的时间也比单独关养的晚。成年雄鼠的笼填充物的气味能够诱导幼年雄鼠体重,睾丸的总量和长度以及血清中睾酮的含量的增加。  相似文献   

13.
Introduced rats are now being eradicated from many islands. Increasingly, these eradications are contested by activists claiming moral, legal, cultural, historic or scientific reasons and poorly documented evidence of effects. We reviewed the global literature on the effects of rats on island flora and fauna. We then used New Zealand as a case study because of its four-decade history of rat eradications and many detailed and innovative studies of how rats affect native species. These include use of exclosures, local manipulations of rat populations, video surveillance, and measurements of responses following eradications. The most intensive studies have been on the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans), a small South-East Asian species spread by Polynesians throughout the Pacific. These and the more recently introduced Norway rat (R. norvegicus) and ship (roof) rat (R. rattus) suppress some forest plants, and are associated with extinctions or declines of flightless invertebrates, ground-dwelling reptiles, land birds, and burrowing seabirds. On islands off France, Norway rats are also implicated in declines of shrews. Globally, ship rats were associated with declines or extinctions of the largest number of indigenous vertebrate species (60), including small mammals such as deer mice and bats. Effects of rats on forest trees and seabird populations are sufficiently pervasive to affect ecosystem structure and function. However, the data are patchy. Deficiencies in our knowledge would be reduced by documenting distribution and abundance of indigenous species before and after eradications. Comprehensive measurements of the responses of indigenous species to rat eradications would enable the development of testable models of rat invasion effects.  相似文献   

14.
    
Abstract

This study aimed to quantify changes in rat abundance and population structure before, during, and after a rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) mast seed event in lowland forest on Stewart Island, New Zealand. Rats, primarily ship rats (Rattus rattus), were trapped in low numbers throughout the study period (March 2000‐March 2003), except when they erupted to very high abundance in spring 2002, shortly after heavy rimu seed fall. In the immediate post‐peak phase, scavenging of trapped rats increased substantially; rats were seen and trapped in daylight; and weights of adult female rats were low in relation to their size, which suggests that food shortage was the cause of the subsequent steep decline in abundance. Rat eruptions have been observed on Stewart Island after heavy rimu seed fall several times over the past 40 years. Eruptions of rats caused by heavy rimu seed‐fall may have triggered the invasion of nearby islands by rats, and caused the extinction of several native species on Stewart Island.  相似文献   

15.
  总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
Variation in skull size was investigated for three species of rats (kiore –Rattus exulans Peale; ship rat –R. rattus L.; Norway rat –R. norvegicus Berkenhout) which were introduced by humans to various islands in New Zealand and other Pacific islands. Data from seventy-one islands and 882 specimens are examined for evidence of the effects of latitude, island size and interspecific competition among rats and the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) on skull size, using multiple regressions. For R. exulans, skull size increases with latitude as predicted by Bergmann's rule, but no such effect occurs for the other two rats. There was a positive relationship between island size and the number of species inhabiting it, and some species combinations were more likely to occur than others. For example, R. exulans and R. norvegicus were more likely to occur together, while R. rattus and R. exulans were rarely sympatric. R. exulans and R. rattus skull size was negatively correlated with the number of other rodents on the same island. R. exulans skull size increased on smaller islands in some island groups, perhaps because increased density and consequent increased intraspecific competition on smaller islands favours increased body size. This effect is more pronounced in tropical islands (Solomon islands), than in subtropical ones (Hawaiian islands) and less so in temperate New Zealand. Collectively the data demonstrate that rapid evolution of body size in predictable directions can follow within 150 years of the introduction of species to new receiving communities.  相似文献   

16.
In this first comprehensive review of negative effects of introduced rodents on insular small mammals, the focal species Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, R. exulans and Mus musculus are implicated in at least 11 extinctions. Furthermore, removal experiments, eradication campaigns and control programmes provide evidence for negative effects on extant populations. While data are currently insufficient for meaningful generalisation with regard to the most threatening rodents, the most threatened small mammals, and the true extent of the problem, it is interesting that R. rattus is implicated in the majority of impacts. This may be explained by its extensive distribution and ecological plasticity. I conclude with methodological recommendations to guide data collection for impact quantification and the study of impact mechanism. This information should facilitate the prioritisation and justification of eradication campaigns, control programmes and biosecurity measures while ensuring that much-needed attention is paid to the conservation of insular small mammals.  相似文献   

17.
在川西平原利用标志重捕、夹捕解剖和半自然条件下笼养的方法,提供了1989~1995年大足鼠种群雄性和雌性个体处于繁殖状态的比例、胎次数、每胎幼仔数、幼年个体的补充和发育等有关繁殖的基本资料。结果显示,大足鼠极灵活的繁殖策略 提高了这个物种幼年个体的存活,使该物种在可预见而频繁的周期性变化的农田环 境中能够保持相对稳定的种群。大足鼠的繁殖特征主要有:处于繁殖状态的雄性比例较大(平均0.491,95%置信区间0.451和0.534),怀孕雌性的比例较小(平均0.227,95%置信区间0.213和0.301),较高和相对稳定的繁殖能力(每年4胎,每胎8.245±0.452只),雌性幼仔较慢的生长和性成熟(4月),以及幼年个体加入种群与春季的小麦和秋季的水稻成熟相同步。这些繁殖特征使得大足鼠的繁殖活动集中在有利的时间。结果,虽然伴随繁殖活动雌雄性的个体质量下降,但仍能在短暂的时间里恢复到原来的水平。将大足鼠的胎仔数与一些关于中国啮齿动物繁殖参数地理变异 的研究进行了分析比较,发现后者提供的资料尚不足以支持中国所有啮齿动物都有 \"胎仔数随纬度增加\"的过分简单的一般结论。每一个物种种群都有自己的最优胎 仔数,但最优胎仔数不一定随纬度而增加。我们认为在大尺度上研究如胎仔数这样的生活史性状时,生活史多样性的提法比单一性状的过分简单的一般化更好。  相似文献   

18.
应用阴茎骨鉴定雄性褐家鼠年龄组的探讨   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
1986年10-11月,作者在长春市研究了城市褐家鼠的种群生态。获得标本 1,214号(531,683),解剖、测量、记录了雄性睾丸重量、长度和宽度,制取了雄性阴茎骨。对其种群阴茎骨长度作了分析,并依据阴茎骨长度作褐家鼠的频数分配,对照体长、体重、睾丸及头骨等特征,划分5个年龄组。分析结果表明,应用雄性褐家鼠阴茎骨划分年龄组,其组间差异显著,组间交叉不大,相对准确,能比较接近实际年龄,故用阴茎骨长度作为划分褐家鼠种群年龄组标准是可行的。  相似文献   

19.
陈志平  王应祥 《兽类学报》1992,12(4):280-286
本文对我国大鼠属(Rattus)8种鼠类的银染核仁组织者(NORs)进行了比较研究,结果表明:8种大鼠银染核仁组织者(Ag-NORs)的数目和分布均存在一定的差异,它们的NORs都呈现比较显著的多态性,并观察到了Ag-NORs的联合现象和异形现象。此外,将其银染核型差异数量化,通过模糊聚类分析,得到8种大鼠的聚类分析分支图,并结合它们的地理分布等对其分类地位进行了讨论。  相似文献   

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