PBL和LBL结合双轨教学法在胸外科临床教学中的应用

目的探究PBL与LBL结合双轨教学法在胸外科临床教学中的运用效果。方法选取2014年度我院开始进行临床实习的90名本科医学专业学生作为研究对象,按随机单盲法将其分成研究组与对照组,前者采取PBL与LBL结合双轨教学法,后者采取传统课堂教学法;比较两组的课堂教学效果。结果研究组学生的理论知识与操作技能得分均高于对照组学生,差异显著,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在胸外科临床教学过程中,采取PBL与LBL结合双轨教学法开展教学活动,可提高学生的专业知识与操作技能,值得大力推广。     

翻转课堂联合情景式模拟教学在急诊住院医师规范化培训教学中的应用

目的探讨翻转课堂联合情景式模拟教学在急诊住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)教学中的应用效果。方法选取2019年6～12月在广西医科大学第二附属医院急诊科进行住院医师规范化培训的学员为研究对象,随机分为对照组和实验组各30名。对照组采用急诊科传统教学法带教,实验组采用翻转课堂联合情景式模拟教学方法带教。教学结束后对学员进行理论知识、操作技能考核,并对学员进行教学效果满意度调查。结果实验组学员的技能操作成绩高于对照组(P0.05),而理论成绩与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);实验组的学员对教学效果的主观满意度评价优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论翻转课堂联合情景式模拟教学优于传统教学法,有助于提高学员的综合能力,值得在急诊教学实践中推广。     

CBL-PBL整合教学法在颈椎病临床见习教学中的应用

目的评价基于临床案例为基础的教学模式(CBL)-基于以问题为基础教学模式(PBL)整合教学法对颈椎病临床见习教学效果,为临床教学提供参考。方法本研究共纳入100名在我科参加临床见习的2013级本科实习生,随机分为实验组和对照组各50名,实验组及对照组分别采用CBL-PBL整合教学法和传统LBL教学法进行课堂讲授。考核并比较两组理论知识、病例分析能力、临床技能操作能力的成绩,自拟调查问卷评价并比较两组的临床见习兴趣、医患沟通、自主学习规划、查阅文献、临床思维能力以及临床教学效果。结果 CBL-PBL整合教学组在理论知识、技能操作考核等方面的成绩均高于传统LBL教学组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CBL-PBL整合教学组的临床见习生在临床实习兴致、医患沟通能力、自主学习规划能力、查阅文献能力等方面及对教学方法的评价调查均高于传统的LBL教学组,两组间的差异具有显著的统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用CBL-PBL整合教学法有助于提升学生的见习积极性,能提高颈椎病临床见习教学质量,是培养复合型医学人才的重要措施,CBL-PBL整合教学法值得在医学教育中进一步推广。     

以教学问题为基础的学习结合以授课为基础的学习教学法在呼吸系统教学中的应用

目的:研究以问题为基础的学习(PBL)结合以授课为基础的学习(LBL)教学法在呼吸系统教学中的应用效果。方法:以2016年1月-2017年12月于西安交通大学第一附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科实习的实习生84例为研究对象。将其以随机数字表法分成研究组(n=42)和对照组(n=42)。对照组予以传统LBL教学法进行教学,研究组则采用PBL结合LBL教学法进行教学。分别比较两组实习生各项考试成绩、对教学模式的评价情况以及对教学方式的满意度。结果:研究组实习生专业基础理论知识、病例处理能力成绩均高于对照组(P0.05),而两组基本操作技能相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组实习生对教学模式的学习兴趣、知识理解、自主学习、课堂气氛、表达能力、人际交往的评分均高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组实习生对教学方式满意度为92.86%(39/42),高于对照组的76.19%(32/42),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PBL结合LBL教学法应用于呼吸系统教学中效果明显,有利于提高实习生考试成绩以及满意度。     

CBL+PBL与PBL教学法在胸腔外科临床教学中的对比分析

目的:对比PBL教学法,研究CBL+PBL法在五年制临床医学本科胸腔外科临床教学中的应用及效果。方法:抽取五年制本科临床实习生共59人,随机分为实验组(29人)与对照组(30人),实验组采用CBL+PBL教学法讲授临床实践课,对照组采用单纯PBL法。授课结束后进行随堂测试及问卷调查。结果:①随堂测试:实验组病例分析题及总成绩高于对照组且差异有统计学意义(P0.05),选择题与简答题两组间成绩比较无统计学差异。②问卷调查:在是否有利于培养临床思维能力以及是否有利于理论联系临床问题中,实验组肯定回答的人数比例均高于对照组且差别有统计学意义。(P0.05)。两组之间在是否有利于提高学习兴趣、是否有利于提高团队协作能力、是否有利于知识的理解以及是否赞同本教学方法问题中,差异无统计学意义。结论:CBL+PBL教学法相对于单纯的PBL教学法而言,更适合在临床教学中应用。     

翻转课堂结合学生小讲课在临床微生物学检验技术实习教学中的探索

探讨翻转课堂结合学生小讲课在临床微生物学检验技术实习教学中的应用价值。选择在中南大学湘雅三医院检验科实习的2018年医学检验技术专业实习生48名为对照组,2019年的42名实习生为实验组。对照组采用传统的实习带教模式,实验组采用翻转课堂结合学生小讲课的教学模式。两组实习生均接受出科考试及满意度调查问卷填写,比较两组教学方式的效果。结果显示,实验组出科考试的理论成绩、操作成绩及总成绩均高于对照组(P0.05),实验组对实习满意率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。表明翻转课堂结合学生小讲课应用于临床微生物学检验技术实习教学,可以有效提高实习生的实习效能,值得进一步推广。从传统实习教学模式的现状和不足、翻转课堂与学生小讲课相结合实习教学模式在临床微生物学检验技术实习教学中的引入、构建和效果评估方面进行了探讨。     

实习生评价体系在康复专业临床教学中应用的效果研究

目的构建康复专业实习生评价指标体系,为客观评价实习生临床能力提供参考依据。方法选取我院康复医学专业实习生108名,分为对照组和观察组各54名。对照组采用康复医学临床教学常规评价体系,观察组采用以实践能力为主体的实习生评价体系。实习结束后进行问卷调查,并比较两组实习生的自我评价、理论考试、技能考试成绩。结果观察组的理论成绩、技能成绩和自我满意程度均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在康复科实习生中应用新的全面、灵活的实习生评价体系,能提高实习生的理论及操作成绩,提高实习生的满意度。     

CBL教学法在传染病本科见习带教中的应用探讨

目的评估案例教学法(CBL)在传染病见习课的教学质量。方法将2018年1～12月在我院传染科见习的本科生120名随机分为对照组和实验组,每组60名,分别接受传统教学法及CBL教学法。教学结束后对两组学生进行考核,以评价教学效果,并比较两组学生对教学质量的评价。结果在四项教学效果评价指标中,理论考核成绩、病例考核成绩及临床综合能力方面比较,实验组明显高于对照组(均P0.05),而技能考核成绩比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。教学效果评价中实验组学生在对教学方法满意度、学习兴趣及提高临床综合能力方面高于对照组(P0.05)。结论 CBL教学法在传染病见习带教中取得较好的效果,有利提高教学质量。     

案例教学法在肾内科实习护生中的应用

目的探讨案例教学法在肾内科实习护生中的应用效果。方法选择在我科实习的本科护理专业实习生100名,随机分为实验组和对照组各50名,对照组采用传统教学方法,实验组采用案例教学法,实习结束后采用出科考核和问卷调查方法评价两组的教学效果。结果实验组学生理论和操作考试成绩均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。而且通过问卷调查,实验组86%的护生认为案例教学能激发学习兴趣,提高学习主动性;74%的护生认为案例教学法能提高评判性思维能力;76%的护生对案例教学法促进人际沟通和合作能力的培养持肯定态度。结论将案例教学法应用于肾内科临床实习的教学效果较传统教授法好。     

神经外科实习带教中案例教学法的应用价值分析

目的:研究神经外科实习带教中案例教学法的应用价值。方法:选取2014年8月到2015年1月我院神经外科实习生240例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组120例。对照组给予传统教学法,研究组在对照组的基础上给予案例教学,实习时间均为1个月。实习结束给予实习生兴趣满意调查表,并进行出科考试。结果:研究组调查问卷得分显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组出科成绩比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:案例教学应用于神经外科实习具有较好的效果,能提高实习生对神经外科的兴趣。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.