管状胃代食管术与全胃代食管术治疗食管癌的安全性与有效性对比

目的:对比管状胃代食管术与全胃代食管术治疗食管癌的安全性与有效性。方法:2005年1月到2015年2月选择我院收治的100例食管癌患者,根据随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组各50例,所有患者都行食管癌切除术,同时对照组给予全胃代食管手术,治疗组给予管状胃代食管术,对两组患者围手术指标、并发症及生活质量状况进行观察比较。结果:所有患者完成手术,治疗组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后胃肠减压时间及术后闭式引流时间都明显少于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组术后3个月反流性食管炎、胃排空障碍、胸胃综合征、吻合口狭窄、吻合口瘘等并发症发生情况明显少于对照组(P0.05),日常生活、一般状况、治疗相关症状、社会影响、情感活动评分都明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:相对于全胃代食管术,管状胃代食管术在治疗食管癌患者中的应用具有更好的安全性与有效性,值得进一步临床研究与推广。     

食管癌患者在放射治疗中不同营养途径的护理管理效应

目的:探讨不同营养途径包括直接经食管与间接经鼻饲、胃造瘘进食的食管癌患者在放射治疗过程中的护理措施和方法对患者的临床效应。方法:回顾性分析我科一年来放射治疗的63例食管鳞状细胞癌患者的临床资料,其中46例患者直接经食管进食,其余17例治疗前行鼻饲或胃造瘘进食,在治疗过程中注重对患者的心理护理、饮食及放疗并发症护理。结果:放疗前行鼻饲或食管造瘘患者在放疗过程中依从性好,放射性食管炎能更好的控制,未发生食管穿孔及食管气管瘘等重大放疗并发症。结论:放疗前行鼻饲或胃造瘘的食管癌患者,周密的观察与细致的护理,主动的护患沟通,会导致积极的临床效应,可减轻放射损伤,降低食管穿孔及食管气管瘘的几率,延长患者生命,提高其生活质量。     

放疗联合食管支架对晚期食道癌患者预后影响的COX分析

目的:分析放疗联合食管支架对晚期食道癌患者预后影响。方法:选取我院收治晚期食道癌患者90例,经西医诊断标准经病理学及CT检查确诊为晚期食道癌,根据治疗方法不同分为实验组(放疗联合食管支架术)与对照组(食管支架术)。比较患者肝、肾功能,及生存率。采用Cox分析法对患者预后与放疗的相关性分析。结果:两组患者半年、1年、3年、5年生存率相比较,实验组与对照组相比较,生存率升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);经COX分析,食管癌患者的生存率与患者的淋巴结转移书、TNM分期以及是否放疗有关(P0.05);经COX分析后可见,是否有食管瘘、是否根治术、病理分型、TNM分期、是否放疗为影响食管癌患者生存的独立影响因素(P0.05)。结论:是否有食管瘘、是否根治术、病理分型、TNM分期、是否放疗是食管癌患者生存的独立影响因素。术后的放疗治疗对患者的生存有积极意义。     

快速康复外科护理在面肌痉挛围手术期中的应用

目的探讨快速康复外科护理在面肌痉挛围手术期中的应用效果。方法选取2013年2月～2017年5月我院神经外科收治的84例面肌痉挛患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各42例。对照组给予面肌痉挛围手术期常规护理,实验组在常规护理基础上给予快速康复外科护理。比较两组患者的护理满意度、并发症发生率、住院时间及住院费用。结果对照组干预前后满意度分别为66.66%、69.04%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.069,P=0.995);实验组干预前后满意度分别为69.05%、97.61%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.454,P=0.001)。干预后,实验组满意度明显高于对照组(P0.05)。实验组术后并发症发生率为30.95%(13/42),明显低于对照组的66.67%(28/42)(χ~2=14.481,P0.01)。实验组住院时间更短,住院费用更少,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t=-4.784、-4.356,P0.01)。结论在面肌痉挛围手术期中应用快速康复外科护理,能有效提高患者满意度,减少术后并发症及住院时间,降低住院费用。     

护理干预在直肠癌前切除术后并发吻合口瘘的应用及效果

目的：探讨护理干预在直肠癌前切除术后并发吻合口瘘的应用及效果。方法：将179例患者分为对照组和观察组,分别给予 常规护理和综合护理,观察护理干预在直肠癌前切除术后并发吻合口瘘的应用效果。结果：对照组术后3 d内5例患者发生吻合 口瘘,3例患者术后4-7 d发生吻合口瘘;观察组术后3 d内1例患者发生吻合口瘘,1例患者术后4-7 d发生吻合口瘘,两组吻合 口发生率差异有统计学意义（x2=3.880,P＜0.05）。经过护理和治疗后,观察组患者吻合口瘘愈合时间明显短于对照组（t=4.026,P＜ 0.05）。对照组SAS 阳性率69.23%,观察组50.00%,二者之间具有统计学差异（x2=5.186,P＜0.05）;对照组SDS阳性率61.54%,观 察组40.00%,二者之间具有统计学差异（x2=4.978,P＜0.05）。结论：合理有效的综合护理措施可以减少吻合口瘘和医患矛盾的发 生,提高患者对治疗的满意度,促进医患关系的和谐。     

改良曲张静脉点式剥除术治疗中老年下肢静脉曲张的临床疗效

目的:探究改良曲张静脉点式剥除术在治疗中老年下肢静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法:收集我院已确诊为下肢静脉曲张的中老年患者37例,分成实验组与对照组。对照组18例行传统曲张静脉点式剥除术,实验组19例行改良曲张静脉点式剥除术。对比两组患者手术后的下肢静脉曲张的治疗效果。结果:实验组有效率(94.7%)显著高于对照组(72.2%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者手术时间较短、术中出血量较少、下床活动时间较早,术后并发症总治愈率较高,复发率、术后并发症发生率较低,其差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用改良曲张静脉点式剥除术治疗中老年下肢静脉曲张的患者能够更彻底的剥除曲张额静脉,有效的改善患肢症状,明显降低复发率。     

小切口改良甲状腺切除术与传统甲状腺切除术的临床疗效对比

目的:对比小切口改良甲状腺切除术与传统甲状腺切除术的临床疗效。方法:选择自2013年4月至2014年9月我院收治的甲状腺瘤患者96例,按照随机数表法将患者分成对照组和实验组,每组48例。对照组患者行传统甲状腺切除术治疗,而实验组患者行小切口改良甲状腺切除术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、手术切口长度、出血量、术后住院时间及瘢痕美容评分,并对患者对于手术的满意度比较。术后随访半年,观察患者的并发症情况并统计分析。结果:实验组患者的手术时间、切口长度、出血量及术后住院时间明显低于对照组,另外,实验组患者的瘢痕美容评分明显高于对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。实验组患者满意度为93.75%(45/48)显著高于对照组的满意度54.17%(26/48)(P0.01)。实验组患者并发症的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:小切口改良甲状腺切除术较传统甲状腺切除术,能够缩短手术时间和术后住院,减少出血量,并具有较短的切口长度及较高的瘢痕美容评分,术后患者的满意度高,并发症的发生率低,值得在临床上进行推广。     

精细化营养支持护理对食管癌术后患者营养指标的影响

【摘要】目的：探究精细化营养支持护理对食管癌术后患者营养指标的影响。方法：选取我院收治的140例食管癌术后患者,根据数字表法随机分为对照组、观察组2组,各70例,分别给予常规护理、精细化营养支持护理方法对其进行护理,对比分析2组患者护理前后的营养指标、生活质量及并发症发生情况。结果：观察组患者护理后的前白蛋白、白蛋白、上臂三头肌肌围（349.88±20.76）g/L、（37.83±4.43）g/L、（27.54±2.87）cm与对照组患者的（335.91±20.32）g/L、31.28±4.01g/L、（23.18±2.39）cm相比明显较高（P＜0.05）。观察组护理后患者情感职能、生理智能、躯体疼痛、生理功能等生活质量评分与对照组患者的相比明显较高（P＜0.05）。观察组患者护理后的并发症发生率（1.43%）与对照组患者的（10.00%）相比明显较低（P＜0.05）。结论：食管癌术后患者给予精细化营养支持护理后,改善患者营养状况,提高生活质量,降低并发症,临床作用显著。     

新辅助化疗在局部晚期食管癌治疗中的应用

目的:对新辅助化疗在局部晚期食管癌患者中的治疗效果进行调查。方法:选择我院2012年3月-2014年3月间68例局部晚期食管癌患者,将所有患者分为两组,实验者患者采用新辅助化疗配合手术治疗,对照组患者单纯采用手术治疗,对两组患者的治疗效果进行比较,并调查患者术后1年的生存率。结果:实验组患者有1例呼吸道感染、1例腹泻病例,并发症发生率为5.8%;对照组患者有3例呼吸道感染、2例吻合口瘘、1例反流性食管炎、2例腹泻患者,并发症发生率为23.5%,两组比较存在明显差异,P0.05。实验组34例患者中有29例进行了根治术治疗,有5例患者进行姑息治疗;对照组有21例患者进行了根治术治疗,有13例患者采用姑息治疗,两组比较存在明显差异,P0.05。术后1年实验组患者有31例患者生存,生存率为91.2%;对照组患者有25例生存,生存率为73.5%,两组比较存在明显差异,P0.05。结论:新辅助化疗能够改善患者疾病的治疗效果,降低疾病复发率,提升患者生存率。     

高血压脑出血术后并发症的预见性护理探讨

目的分析高血压脑出血术后并发症的预见性护理效果。方法将80例高血压脑出血术后患者随机分为对照组和实验组各40例,对照组40例患者采用常规治疗和护理干预,实验组40例患者在常规治疗和护理干预的同时应用预见性护理干预,观察两组患者术后并发症发生情况,并进行比较分析。结果实验组患者并发症发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论预见性护理干预对高血压脑出血术后并发症能有效预防和控制,促进患者康复,值得临床应用。     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2016年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2016年中国植物科学持续稳步发展, 表现在中国植物科学家在国际主流高影响力学术期刊发表文章的数量稳中有升, 中国植物科学领域的期刊逆风出行, 进入研究性期刊世界前三甲行列。中国科学家在植物学诸多领域取得了丰硕的成果。水稻(Oryza sativa)产量性状杂种优势的分子遗传机制解析入选2016年中国科学十大进展; 植物受精过程中雌雄配子体信号识别机制的研究和独脚金内酯的受体感知机制入选2016年生命科学十大进展。我国植物科学, 特别是以水稻为代表的作物研究在国际学术界已占有一席之地。例如, 在水稻组学(如基因组和转录组等)资源和技术平台的建立、重测序的开发及功能基因的克隆和调控网络的解析方面取得了系列重要成果(如揭示了独脚金内酯信号转导的“去抑制化激活”机制、从分子水平上阐释了水稻籼粳杂种不育和广亲和性基因S5的作用机理及发现了控制水稻耐冷的基因组位点), 已经引领世界水稻乃至作物科学研究。该文对2016年中国本土植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究进展进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和研究热点, 与读者共享我国科学家所取得的杰出成就。