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随着基因组测序技术的不断发展,大量微生物基因组序列可以在短时间内得以准确鉴定。为了进一步探究基因组的结构与功能,基于序列特征与同源特征的基因组注释算法广泛应用于新测序物种。然而受基因组测序质量以及算法本身准确性偏低等问题的影响,现有的基因组注释存在着相当比例的假基因以及注释错误,尤其是蛋白质N端的注释错误。为了弥补基因组注释的不足,以基因芯片或RNA-seq为核心的转录组测序技术和以串联质谱为核心的蛋白质组测序技术可以高通量地对基因的转录和翻译产物进行精确测定,进而实现预测基因结构的实验验证。然而,原核生物细胞中存在的大量非编码RNA给转录组测序技术引入了污染数据,限制了其对基因组注释的应用。相对而言,以串联质谱技术为核心的蛋白质组学测序可以在短时间内鉴定到生物体内大量的蛋白质,实现注释基因的验证甚至校准。已成为基因组注释和重注释的重要依据,并因而衍生了\"蛋白质基因组学\"的新研究方向。文中首先介绍传统的基于序列预测和同源比对的基因组注释算法,指出其中存在的不足。在此基础上,结合转录组学与蛋白质组学的技术特点,分析蛋白质组学对于原核生物基因组注释的优势,总结现阶段大规模蛋白质基因组学研究的进展情况。最后从信息学角度指出当前蛋白质组数据进行基因组重注释存在的问题与相应的解决方案,进而探讨未来蛋白质基因组学的发展方向。 相似文献
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即使细菌基因组的基因结构较为简单,但在注释过程中也可能出现基因遗漏的现象。当潜在基因在高质量数据库中没有显著同源序列时,基于知识库的基因预测方法就会遇到困难。本文希望通过系统扫描基因组所有可能ORF的蛋白质序列模式来搜索遗漏基因。为验证该方法的可行性,作者系统分析了重要的工业发酵微生物谷氨酸棒杆菌的基因组,发现了25个候选疑似基因。它们具有显著的蛋白质序列模式,但在Swiss-Prot中元显著同源序列,并且在GenBank中仍未注释。深入分析发现,25个候选疑似基因中19个为可能基因,3个为可能假基因,3个为疑似基因序列。这些结果说明本文的分析方法可以有效地用于无显著同源序列基因的搜索。 相似文献
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蛋白质组研究技术及其进展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
蛋白质组学是在后基因时代出现的一个新的研究领域.它是对机体或组织或细胞的全部蛋白质的表达和功能模式进行研究。介绍并总结了蛋白质组研究的主要技术,包括双向凝胶电泳、质谱技术、蛋白质芯片和生物信息学等。 相似文献
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蛋白质组与蛋白质组学 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
王大东 《国外医学:分子生物学分册》2000,22(3):129-133
1994年澳大利有针对后基因组时代研究趋势,提出了蛋白质组和蛋白质组学的新概念。即把基因组所编码的所有蛋白为研究对象,直接探讨基因、蛋白的功能。其核心技术包括双向电泳、质谱分析、生物信息学等。该技术在探索疾病发生,寻找新药等方面取得越来越广泛的应用。 相似文献
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表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)依据光学—介质相互作用原理建立,属于实时和非标记的测试方法。SPR方法在研究分子间相互作用方面具有其独特的优势,其非标记和实时检测以及可以进行动力学分析的特点,给研究生物大分子的相互作用提供了诱人的解决方案。近来,随着SPR成像技术和SPR芯片制备技术的进展,将为功能基因组学和蛋白质组学研究提供重要的新的技术平台。 相似文献
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基因组学在基因组计划中的作用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
导论科研人员正在为确定基因组研究的应用途径作着巨大努力。人类基因组计划(HGP)的诞生导致了对人类基因结构和功能的理解[1]。在20世纪末期,生命科学的主要焦点就是要解译和确定人类整个基因组的成分。对构成细胞活动基础的基因组DNA的理解,将有助于对各... 相似文献
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草地贪夜蛾基因组注释及分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda近年来在我国迅速扩散,造成了重大的经济损失,引起社会关注。草地贪夜蛾基因组序列对深入研究其迁飞、入侵和抗药性等特性具有十分重要的作用。目前,已有5个版本的基因组序列被公开报道,但3个版本无基因组注释信息。除以Sf 9细胞系为DNA来源的基因组版本外,其他版本的scaffold N50过小,拼接质量偏低。为此,本研究选取了scaffold N50最大的草地贪夜蛾Sf 9细胞系基因组进行了蛋白编码基因注释。该版本的基因组重复序列占比28.1%。CEGMA评估显示该本版本基因组可覆盖93.6%的核心基因,BUSCO评估显示可覆盖90.8%的核心基因。利用OMIGA注释流程预测到25 699个蛋白质编码基因,详细的基因序列可从InsectBase网站获得(http://www.insect-genome.com/FAW/),其中具有GO注释的基因为15 623个,具有KEGG注释的基因共有9 213个。选取了12个鳞翅目昆虫进行比较基因组学分析,发现草地贪夜蛾与斜纹夜蛾的亲缘关系最近,两者分化时间大约在1 284万年前。对12个鳞翅目昆虫蛋白质编码基因进行同源分析,在草地贪夜蛾中发现了2 490个单拷贝基因、891个鳞翅目特有基因、2 360个物种特异扩增基因和4 180个物种特异基因。GO富集分析显示,2 360个物种特异扩增基因主要参与DNA整合、代谢相关的生物过程;4 180个物种特异基因主要参与酶活性、光感受、糖代谢等,KEGG通路富集发现草地贪夜蛾特异基因主要参与氨基酸代谢、糖代谢和Wnt信号通路。本研究结果丰富了草地贪夜蛾的基因信息,对进一步了解其生物学特性、开发新型绿色防控方法具有指导意义。 相似文献
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基因组功能注释是后基因组时代功能基因组学研究的热点领域.从基因组功能注释的研究内容与研究手段出发,重点综述了生物信息学在该领域方法学上的研究进展,并展望了今后的发展前景. 相似文献
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基因组注释是识别出基因组序列中功能组件的过程,其可以直接对序列赋予生物学意义,由此方便研究者探究和分析基因组功能.基因组注释可以帮助研究从三个层次上理解基因组,一种是在核苷酸水平的注释,主要确定DNA序列中基因、RNA、重复序列等组件的物理位置,包括转录起始,翻译起始,外显子边界等具体位置信息.同时可以注释得到变异在不... 相似文献
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微量元素指需要量很少(人体中含量在0.01%以下),但却是所有生物体所必需的元素。它们参与了生物体中各种复杂的生物过程,因此不同生物必须依赖相应的微量元素才能生存。过去大量的工作主要放在微量元素代谢通路和微量元素结合蛋白的实验研究上,由此凸显出微量元素对生命的重要性。然而,微量元素的计算生物学研究工作却非常有限。着重介绍当前利用比较基因组学的理论和方法来研究不同微量元素的利用、代谢、功能和进化方面问题的最新进展。对于所讨论的元素,大多数利用它们的蛋白已经基本确定,并且这些蛋白对于特定元素的依赖性也是非常保守的。通过比较基因组学分析,有助于帮助我们进一步认识微量元素领域很多基本问题(如在古菌、细菌和真核生物中的代谢、功能和动态进化规律等)及其重要特征。 相似文献
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Ansong Charles; Purvine Samuel O.; Adkins Joshua N.; Lipton Mary S.; Smith Richard D. 《Briefings in Functional Genomics and Prot》2008,7(1):50-62
While genome sequencing efforts reveal the basic building blocksof life, a genome sequence alone is insufficient for elucidatingbiological function. Genome annotation—the process ofidentifying genes and assigning function to each gene in a genomesequence—provides the means to elucidate biological functionfrom sequence. Current state-of-the-art high-throughput genomeannotation uses a combination of comparative (sequence similaritydata) and non-comparative (ab initio gene prediction algorithms)methods to identify protein-coding genes in genome sequences.Because approaches used to validate the presence of predictedprotein-coding genes are typically based on expressed RNA sequences,they cannot independently and unequivocally determine whethera predicted protein-coding gene is translated into a protein.With the ability to directly measure peptides arising from expressedproteins, high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem massspectrometry-based proteomics approaches can be used to verifycoding regions of a genomic sequence. Here, we highlight severalways in which high-throughput tandem mass spectrometry-basedproteomics can improve the quality of genome annotations andsuggest that it could be efficiently applied during the genecalling process so that the improvements are propagated throughthe subsequent functional annotation process. 相似文献
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Gali Yanovich-Arad Paula Ofek Eilam Yeini Mariya Mardamshina Artem Danilevsky Noam Shomron Rachel Grossman Ronit Satchi-Fainaro Tamar Geiger 《Cell reports》2021,34(9):108787
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Proteins with up to 100 amino acids have been largely overlooked due to the challenges associated with predicting and identifying them using traditional methods. Recent advances in bioinformatics and machine learning, DNA sequencing, RNA and Ribo-seq technologies, and mass spectrometry (MS) have greatly facilitated the detection and characterisation of these elusive proteins in recent years. This has revealed their crucial role in various cellular processes including regulation, signalling and transport, as toxins and as folding helpers for protein complexes. Consequently, the systematic identification and characterisation of these proteins in bacteria have emerged as a prominent field of interest within the microbial research community. This review provides an overview of different strategies for predicting and identifying these proteins on a large scale, leveraging the power of these advanced technologies. Furthermore, the review offers insights into the future developments that may be expected in this field. 相似文献
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Jean Armengaud 《Proteomics》2022,22(10):2200055
The global Earth ecosystem faces many intertwined threats, primarily anthropogenic pollution, drastic reduction of wild spaces, faster spread of pathogens, and global climate warming. Ecotoxicology, the integration of toxicology and ecology, aims to describe the effects of toxicants on organisms, whether at the level of the population, the community, the ecosystem, or the biosphere. Sentinel species are employed to assess threats to life, giving advance warning of danger. In this issue of Proteomics, Wilde and collaborators (Proteomics 2022, 22, https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.202100289 ) present a comprehensive coverage of the proteome of the crustacean Daphnia magna, a species used to evaluate aquatic pollution. This study illustrates how current shotgun proteomics technology allows straightforward quantitation of any protein for whole animals or dissected organs, making global molecular phenotyping a reality for animals. Tandem mass spectrometry operated in data-independent acquisition can be used to compare the response of sentinels to various environmental conditions. The current low number of well-annotated animal or plant genomes, the high diversity of genetic backgrounds of each species, and the paucity of knowledge about protein functions for most of the relevant sentinels pose huge challenges for data interpretation. As a result, ecology and ecotoxicology today constitute an exceptional field for proteomics. 相似文献
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Bright LA Mujahid N Nanduri B McCarthy FM Costa LR Burgess SC Swiderski CE 《Animal genetics》2011,42(4):395-405
The equine genome sequence enables the use of high-throughput genomic technologies in equine research, but accurate identification of expressed gene products and interpreting their biological relevance require additional structural and functional genome annotation. Here, we employ the equine genome sequence to identify predicted and known proteins using proteomics and model these proteins into biological pathways, identifying 582 proteins in normal cell-free equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). We improved structural and functional annotation by directly confirming the in vivo expression of 558 (96%) proteins, which were computationally predicted previously, and adding Gene Ontology (GO) annotations for 174 proteins, 108 of which lacked functional annotation. Bronchoalveolar lavage is commonly used to investigate equine respiratory disease, leading us to model the associated proteome and its biological functions. Modelling of protein functions using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified carbohydrate metabolism, cell-to-cell signalling, cellular function, inflammatory response, organ morphology, lipid metabolism and cellular movement as key biological processes in normal equine BALF. Comparative modelling of protein functions in normal cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage proteomes from horse, human, and mouse, performed by grouping GO terms sharing common ancestor terms, confirms conservation of functions across species. Ninety-one of 92 human GO categories and 105 of 109 mouse GO categories were conserved in the horse. Our approach confirms the utility of the equine genome sequence to characterize protein networks without antibodies or mRNA quantification, highlights the need for continued structural and functional annotation of the equine genome and provides a framework for equine researchers to aid in the annotation effort. 相似文献